the-web-application-hackers-handbook

More documents

Recommendations

Info

856 Index n B–B meaningful, 212 URL translation, 396–397 username, 168 web application security, 6 web browsers, 559–568 websites created by, 448–449 XMLHttpRequest, 529 XSS, 251 attribute delimiters, HTML bypassing filters, 461–462 attribute names, HTML bypassing filters, 461 attribute values, HTML bypassing filters, 462 audit logs defense mechanisms handling attackers, maintaining, 31–32 key events, 32 poorly protected, 32 value, 31 audit trail, 429 authentication. See also access controls; session management anomalies, 201 application logic flaws, 415–416 broken, 7 brute-force login function, 162–165 CAPTCHA, 198–199 credentials incomplete validation, 180–181 insecure distribution, 184 insecure storage, 190–191 secret handling of, 192–193 strength, 192 transmission vulnerability, 169–171 validation, 193–195 CSRF, 507–508 as defense, 159 defense mechanisms handling access with, 18–19 design flaws, 161–184 drop-down menus, 193 eavesdroppers, 169 hacker’s methodology application logic flaws, 811–813 credentials, autogenerated, 809–810 credentials, unsafe distribution, 810–811 credentials, unsafe transmission, 810 impersonation, 808–809 insecure web storage, 811 password guessing, 807 password quality, 806 password recovery, 807–808 “remember me” functions, 808 understanding, 805 username enumeration, 806–807 username uniqueness, 809 vulnerability exploitation for unauthorized access, 813 HTML forms, 160–161 HTTP, 50–51 sessions avoided with, 208–209 impersonation, 178–180 hacker’s methodology, 808–809 implementation flaws in, 185–191 information leakage prevention, 195–196 logging, 201 login function account suspension, 197–198 fail-open, 185–186, 194 multistage, 186–190, 194–195 verbose failure messages, 166–169 monitoring, 201 notifying, 201 passwords change functionality, 171– 172, 193 change functionality misuse, 199 forgotten functionality, 173–175 predictable initial, 183 weak, 161–162 problems with, 19 “remember me” functions, 175–176, 193 hacker’s methodology, 808 security, 191–201 brute-force attack prevention, 196–199 subtleties, 195 smartcards, 206 standalone vulnerability scanners, 778–779 technologies, 160–161 tokens, 160 usernames enumeration, 166–169, 806–807 nonunique, 181–182 predictable, 182–183, 197 uniqueness, 809 XSS, 473–474 autocomplete local privacy attacks, 552 XSS attack payloads, 446 automation. See customized automation B backdoor password, 178–179 source code, 708 backdoor scripts, deliberate, 660–661 back-end components. See also file inclusion; operating system commands; path traversal vulnerabilities access controls, 357 data transmission, 357 e-mail header injection, 398–399 HPI, 390 causes, 393–394 HPP, 394–395 server-side HTTP redirection, 390–392 exploiting, 391–392 SMTP injection, 397–402 flaws, 400–401 preventing, 402 SOAP injection, 386–388 banking application, 387–388 error messages, 388 finding and exploiting, 389 preventing, 27, 390 URL translation attacks, 396–397 back-end request injection, 841 backslash character, escaping with, 419 backtick character, encapsulating function of, 363 banking application multistage function, 263 per-page tokens, 252–253 SOAP injection, 387–388 banner grabbing, 101 Base64 encoding, 69 ASP.NET ViewState, 125–126 basic authentication, 50–51 batch queries, MS-SQL databases, 317 beating business limit, application logic flaws, 416–417, 429
Index n C–C 857 BeEF, 565–566 bit flipper, Burp Intruder, 593 encrypting tokens, 228–231 black-box code review, 702–703 blacklist-based filters, 23–24 XSS, 451–452 blind SQL injection, 626 blocked characters, filters, 311–312 blog applications, input, 22 Boolean conditions, UNION operator, 329 Boolean flag, 107 boundary validation, input, 25–28, 313 breaking bank, application logic flaws, 414–416 browser extensions. See also Flash; Java; Silverlight casino component, 133–134 attackers, 134 Chrome, 750 client-side control of user input with, 133–153 data transmission interception, 135–139 obstacles, 138–139 serialized data, 136–138 debugger attached to, 151–152 decompiling, 139–150 bytecode, 139–141 bytecode obfuscation, 144–146 Java applets example, 146–150 JavaScript manipulating original bytecode, 144 source code, 142–144 Firefox, 750 hacker’s methodology, 802–804 ActiveX controls, 804 debugger, 803–804 decompiling, 802–803 native client components, 153 same-origin policy, 525–527 Flash, 525–526 Java, 527 Silverlight, 526–527 targeting approaches, 135 technologies, 65 browsers. See web browsers browsing history JavaScript stealing, 560 local privacy attacks, 552 brute-force techniques application mapping naming schemes exercise, 88 authentication security preventing, 196–199 hidden content, 81–85 login function, 162–165 passwords in wiki, 424 buffer overflow detecting, 639–640 hacker’s methodology, 837–838 heap overflows, 635–636 off-by-one vulnerabilities, 636–638 software, 687 source code, 709 stack overflows, 634–635 uncontrolled, 639 URL length, 639 bulk discount cheating, application logic flaws, 418, 429 Burp Intruder, 82–84, 86 bit flipper, 593 encrypting tokens, 228–231 “character frobber,” 593 customized automation, 590–602 data harvesting, 598–600 enumerating identifiers, 594–597 fuzzing, 600–602 payloads choosing, 592–594 positioning, 591–592 predictable tokens, 213–214 response analysis, 594 sniper attack, 592 Unicode encoding, 375 user agent strings, 100 Burp Proxy, 754–755 Burp Repeater, 473, 681, 766 Burp Scanner, 764–765 Burp Sequencer, 767 auto analyze setting, 223 token randomness testing, 219–221 Burp Spider, 74–76, 80 Burp Suite AMF, 137 application mapping, 268 ASP.NET ViewState, 126 CA certificate, 758–759 “change request method” command, 474–475 Comparer, 167 Content Discovery, 88–89 DSer, 136–137 “request in browser,” 272–273 session-handling mechanisms, 603–609 cookie jar, 603–604 request macros, 604–606 session-handling rules, 606–609 session-handling tracer, 609 business limit, application logic flaws, 416–417, 429 business logic exploitation, 259 bytecode decompiling browser extensions, 139–141 JavaScript manipulation, 144 obfuscation, 144–146 downloading, 140 Flash, 141 Java, 141 Silverlight, 141 source code recompiling within browser, 142–143 outside browser, 143 URL, 140 C CA certificate, Burp Suite, 758–759 callbacks, function, 520 canonicalization input, 28–29 web server software, 689–694 CAPTCHA attackers, 198–199 customized automation, 610–611 authentication, 198–199 bugs, 610–611 customized automation, 610–612 attackers, 610–611 automatically solving, 611–612 humans solving, 612 drones, 612 Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) dynamically evaluated styles, 459 font-family property, 518–519 injection, cross-domain data capture, 517–519 web functionality, 60–61 casino component, browser extensions, 133–134 attackers, 134 CBC. See cipher block chaining CGI query, 735–736 chaining CBC encrypting tokens, 227–233 PKC # 5 padding, 227–233
Page 3 and 4:
The Web Application Hacker’s Hand
Page 5 and 6:
About the Authors Dafydd Stuttard i
Page 7 and 8:
MDSec: The Authors’ Company Dafyd
Page 9 and 10:
Acknowledgments We are indebted to
Page 11 and 12:
Contents Introduction xxiii Chapter
Page 13 and 14:
Contents xi Chapter 5 Bypassing Cli
Page 15 and 16:
Contents xiii Testing Restrictions
Page 17 and 18:
Contents xv Payloads for XSS Attack
Page 19 and 20:
Contents xvii “Off-by-One” Vuln
Page 21 and 22:
Contents xix Technical Challenges F
Page 23:
Contents xxi 12 Miscellaneous Check
Page 26 and 27:
xxiv Introduction attacker. If you
Page 28 and 29:
xxvi Introduction Chapters 6, 7, an
Page 30 and 31:
xxviii Introduction internal workin
Page 32 and 33:
xxx Introduction If you want to foc
Page 34 and 35:
xxxii Introduction web users that d
Page 37 and 38:
CHAPTER 1 Web Application (In)secur
Page 39 and 40:
Chapter 1 n Web Application (In)sec
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51:
Page 54 and 55:
18 Chapter 2 n Core Defense Mechani
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 75 and 76:
CHAPTER 3 Web Application Technolog
Page 77 and 78:
Chapter 3 n Web Application Technol
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107:
Page 110 and 111:
74 Chapter 4 n Mapping the Applicat
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
100 Chapter 4 n Mapping the Applica
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 153 and 154:
CHAPTER 5 Bypassing Client-Side Con
Page 155 and 156:
Chapter 5 n Bypassing Client-Side C
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193:
Page 196 and 197:
160 Chapter 6 n Attacking Authentic
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 241 and 242:
CHAPTER 7 Attacking Session Managem
Page 243 and 244:
Chapter 7 n Attacking Session Manag
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
Page 285 and 286:
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
Page 293 and 294:
CHAPTER 8 Attacking Access Controls
Page 295 and 296:
Chapter 8 n Attacking Access Contro
Page 297 and 298:
Page 299 and 300:
Page 301 and 302:
Page 303 and 304:
Page 305 and 306:
Page 307 and 308:
Page 309 and 310:
Page 311 and 312:
Page 313 and 314:
Page 315 and 316:
Page 317 and 318:
Page 319 and 320:
Page 321:
Page 324 and 325:
288 Chapter 9 n Attacking Data Stor
Page 326 and 327:
Page 328 and 329:
Page 330 and 331:
Page 332 and 333:
Page 334 and 335:
Page 336 and 337:
Page 338 and 339:
Page 340 and 341:
Page 342 and 343:
Page 344 and 345:
Page 346 and 347:
Page 348 and 349:
Page 350 and 351:
Page 352 and 353:
Page 354 and 355:
Page 356 and 357:
Page 358 and 359:
Page 360 and 361:
Page 362 and 363:
Page 364 and 365:
Page 366 and 367:
Page 368 and 369:
Page 370 and 371:
Page 372 and 373:
Page 374 and 375:
Page 376 and 377:
Page 378 and 379:
Page 380 and 381:
Page 382 and 383:
Page 384 and 385:
Page 386 and 387:
Page 388 and 389:
Page 390 and 391:
Page 392 and 393:
Page 394 and 395:
358 Chapter 10 n Attacking Back-End
Page 396 and 397:
Page 398 and 399:
Page 400 and 401:
Page 402 and 403:
Page 404 and 405:
Page 406 and 407:
Page 408 and 409:
Page 410 and 411:
Page 412 and 413:
Page 414 and 415:
Page 416 and 417:
Page 418 and 419:
Page 420 and 421:
Page 422 and 423:
Page 424 and 425:
Page 426 and 427:
Page 428 and 429:
Page 430 and 431:
Page 432 and 433:
Page 434 and 435:
Page 436 and 437:
Page 438 and 439:
Page 440 and 441:
Page 442 and 443:
406 Chapter 11 n Attacking Applicat
Page 444 and 445:
Page 446 and 447:
Page 448 and 449:
Page 450 and 451:
Page 452 and 453:
Page 454 and 455:
Page 456 and 457:
Page 458 and 459:
Page 460 and 461:
Page 462 and 463:
Page 464 and 465:
Page 466 and 467:
Page 468 and 469:
432 Chapter 12 n Attacking Users: C
Page 470 and 471:
Page 472 and 473:
Page 474 and 475:
Page 476 and 477:
Page 478 and 479:
Page 480 and 481:
Page 482 and 483:
Page 484 and 485:
Page 486 and 487:
Page 488 and 489:
Page 490 and 491:
Page 492 and 493:
Page 494 and 495:
Page 496 and 497:
Page 498 and 499:
Page 500 and 501:
Page 502 and 503:
Page 504 and 505:
Page 506 and 507:
Page 508 and 509:
Page 510 and 511:
Page 512 and 513:
Page 514 and 515:
Page 516 and 517:
Page 518 and 519:
Page 520 and 521:
Page 522 and 523:
Page 524 and 525:
Page 526 and 527:
Page 528 and 529:
Page 530 and 531:
Page 532 and 533:
Page 534 and 535:
Page 537 and 538:
CHAPTER 13 Attacking Users: Other T
Page 539 and 540:
Chapter 13 n Attacking Users: Other
Page 541 and 542:
Page 543 and 544:
Page 545 and 546:
Page 547 and 548:
Page 549 and 550:
Page 551 and 552:
Page 553 and 554:
Page 555 and 556:
Page 557 and 558:
Page 559 and 560:
Page 561 and 562:
Page 563 and 564:
Page 565 and 566:
Page 567 and 568:
Page 569 and 570:
Page 571 and 572:
Page 573 and 574:
Page 575 and 576:
Page 577 and 578:
Page 579 and 580:
Page 581 and 582:
Page 583 and 584:
Page 585 and 586:
Page 587 and 588:
Page 589 and 590:
Page 591 and 592:
Page 593 and 594:
Page 595 and 596:
Page 597 and 598:
Page 599 and 600:
Page 601 and 602:
Page 603 and 604:
Page 605:
Page 608 and 609:
572 Chapter 14 n Automating Customi
Page 610 and 611:
Page 612 and 613:
Page 614 and 615:
Page 616 and 617:
Page 618 and 619:
Page 620 and 621:
Page 622 and 623:
Page 624 and 625:
Page 626 and 627:
Page 628 and 629:
Page 630 and 631:
Page 632 and 633:
Page 634 and 635:
Page 636 and 637:
Page 638 and 639:
Page 640 and 641:
Page 642 and 643:
Page 644 and 645:
Page 646 and 647:
Page 648 and 649:
Page 650 and 651:
Page 652 and 653:
616 Chapter 15 n Exploiting Informa
Page 654 and 655:
Page 656 and 657:
Page 658 and 659:
Page 660 and 661:
Page 662 and 663:
Page 664 and 665:
Page 666 and 667:
Page 669 and 670:
CHAPTER 16 Attacking Native Compile
Page 671 and 672:
Chapter 16 n Attacking Native Compi
Page 673 and 674:
Page 675 and 676:
Page 677 and 678:
Page 679 and 680:
Page 681:
Page 684 and 685:
Page 686 and 687:
Page 688 and 689:
Page 690 and 691:
Page 692 and 693:
Page 694 and 695:
Page 696 and 697:
Page 698 and 699:
Page 700 and 701:
Page 702 and 703:
Page 704 and 705:
Page 706 and 707:
670 Chapter 18 n Attacking the Appl
Page 708 and 709:
Page 710 and 711:
Page 712 and 713:
Page 714 and 715:
Page 716 and 717:
Page 718 and 719:
Page 720 and 721:
Page 722 and 723:
Page 724 and 725:
Page 726 and 727:
Page 728 and 729:
Page 730 and 731:
Page 732 and 733:
Page 734 and 735:
Page 737 and 738:
CHAPTER 19 Finding Vulnerabilities
Page 739 and 740:
Chapter 19 n Finding Vulnerabilitie
Page 741 and 742:
Page 743 and 744:
Page 745 and 746:
Page 747 and 748:
Page 749 and 750:
Page 751 and 752:
Page 753 and 754:
Page 755 and 756:
Page 757 and 758:
Page 759 and 760:
Page 761 and 762:
Page 763 and 764:
Page 765 and 766:
Page 767 and 768:
Page 769 and 770:
Page 771 and 772:
Page 773 and 774:
Page 775 and 776:
Page 777 and 778:
Page 779 and 780:
Page 781:
Page 784 and 785:
748 Chapter 20 n A Web Application
Page 786 and 787:
Page 788 and 789:
Page 790 and 791:
Page 792 and 793:
Page 794 and 795:
Page 796 and 797:
Page 798 and 799:
Page 800 and 801:
Page 802 and 803:
Page 804 and 805:
Page 806 and 807:
Page 808 and 809:
Page 810 and 811:
Page 812 and 813:
Page 814 and 815:
Page 816 and 817:
Page 818 and 819:
Page 820 and 821:
Page 822 and 823:
Page 824 and 825:
Page 826 and 827:
Page 828 and 829:
Page 830 and 831:
Page 832 and 833:
Page 834 and 835:
Page 836 and 837:
Page 838 and 839:
Page 840 and 841:
Page 842 and 843: 806 Chapter 21 n A Web Application
Page 890 and 891: 854 Index n A-A hacker’s methodol
Page 894 and 895: 858 Index n C-C XSS, 450-451 “cha
Page 896 and 897: 860 Index n D-D CSS. See Cascading
Page 898 and 899: 862 Index n F-F detecting hits, 574
Page 900 and 901: 864 Index n H-H script injection, 8
Page 902 and 903: 866 Index n J-J error messages, 388
Page 904 and 905: 868 Index n M-O secret questions, 1
Page 906 and 907: 870 Index n Q-R user input, 379-380
Page 908 and 909: 872 Index n S-S second-order XSS. S
Page 910 and 911: 874 Index n T-T signatures of commo
Page 912 and 913: 876 Index n V-W provisos, 305-306 S
Page 914: 878 Index n X-Z WHERE clause DELETE
show all

the-web-application-hackers-handbook

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?