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668 Chapter 17 n Attacking Application Architecture server. Can you leverage this vulnerability to compromise the application server? For example, could you modify the application’s scripts held on the application server, and the content returned to users? 3. You are attacking a web application that is hosted in a shared environment. By taking out a contract with the ISP, you can acquire some web space on the same server as your target, where you are permitted to upload PHP scripts. Can you exploit this situation to compromise the application you are targeting? 4. The architecture components Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP are often found installed on the same physical server. Why can this diminish the security posture of the application’s architecture? 5. How could you look for evidence that the application you are attacking is part of a wider application managed by an application service provider?
CHAPTER 18 Attacking the Application Server As with any kind of application, a web application depends on the other layers of the technology stack that support it, including the application or web server, operating system, and networking infrastructure. An attacker may target any of these components. Compromising the technology on which an application depends very often enables an attacker to fully compromise the application itself. Most attacks in this category are outside the scope of a book about attacking web applications. One exception to this is attacks that target the application and web server layers, as well as any relevant application-layer defenses. Inline defenses are commonly employed to help secure web applications and identify attacks. Circumventing these defenses is a key step in compromising the application. So far we have not drawn a distinction between a web server and an application server, because the attacks have targeted application functionality, irrespective of how it is provided. In reality, much of the presentation layer, communication with back-end components, and the core security framework may be managed by the application container. This may give additional scope to an attack. Clearly any vulnerability in the technologies that deliver this framework will be of interest to an attacker if they can be used to directly compromise the application. This chapter focuses on ways of leveraging defects at the application server layer from an Internet perspective to attack the web application running on it. The vulnerabilities that you can exploit to attack application servers fall into two broad categories: shortcomings in the server’s configuration, and security flaws within application server software. A list of defects cannot be comprehensive, 669
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The Web Application Hacker’s Hand
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About the Authors Dafydd Stuttard i
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MDSec: The Authors’ Company Dafyd
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Acknowledgments We are indebted to
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Contents Introduction xxiii Chapter
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Contents xi Chapter 5 Bypassing Cli
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Contents xiii Testing Restrictions
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Contents xv Payloads for XSS Attack
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Contents xvii “Off-by-One” Vuln
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Contents xix Technical Challenges F
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Contents xxi 12 Miscellaneous Check
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xxiv Introduction attacker. If you
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xxvi Introduction Chapters 6, 7, an
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xxviii Introduction internal workin
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xxx Introduction If you want to foc
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xxxii Introduction web users that d
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CHAPTER 1 Web Application (In)secur
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Chapter 1 n Web Application (In)sec
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CHAPTER 3 Web Application Technolog
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Chapter 3 n Web Application Technol
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CHAPTER 5 Bypassing Client-Side Con
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Chapter 5 n Bypassing Client-Side C
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160 Chapter 6 n Attacking Authentic
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CHAPTER 7 Attacking Session Managem
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Chapter 7 n Attacking Session Manag
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CHAPTER 8 Attacking Access Controls
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Chapter 8 n Attacking Access Contro
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288 Chapter 9 n Attacking Data Stor
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358 Chapter 10 n Attacking Back-End
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406 Chapter 11 n Attacking Applicat
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432 Chapter 12 n Attacking Users: C
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CHAPTER 13 Attacking Users: Other T
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Chapter 13 n Attacking Users: Other
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616 Chapter 15 n Exploiting Informa
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854 Index n A-A hacker’s methodol
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856 Index n B-B meaningful, 212 URL
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858 Index n C-C XSS, 450-451 “cha
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860 Index n D-D CSS. See Cascading
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862 Index n F-F detecting hits, 574
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864 Index n H-H script injection, 8
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866 Index n J-J error messages, 388
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868 Index n M-O secret questions, 1
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870 Index n Q-R user input, 379-380
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872 Index n S-S second-order XSS. S
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874 Index n T-T signatures of commo
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876 Index n V-W provisos, 305-306 S
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878 Index n X-Z WHERE clause DELETE
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