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712 Chapter 19 n Finding Vulnerabilities in Source Code Table 19-1: APIs Used to Acquire User-Supplied Data on the Java Platform API getParameter getParameterNames getParameterValues DESCRIPTION Parameters within the URL query string and the body of a POST request are stored as a map of String names to String values, which can be accessed using these APIs. getParameterMap getQueryString getHeader getHeaders getHeaderNames getRequestURI getRequestURL getCookies getRequestedSessionId getInputStream getReader getMethod getProtocol getServerName getRemoteUser getUserPrincipal Returns the entire query string contained within the request and can be used as an alternative to the getParameter APIs. HTTP headers in the request are stored as a map of String names to String values and can be accessed using these APIs. These APIs return the URL contained within the request, including the query string. Returns an array of Cookie objects, which contain details of the cookies received in the request, including their names and values. Used as an alternative to getCookies in some cases; returns the session ID value submitted within the request. These APIs return different representations of the raw request received from the client and therefore can be used to access any of the information obtained by all the other APIs. Returns the method used in the HTTP request. Returns the protocol used in the HTTP request. Returns the value of the HTTP Host header. If the current user is authenticated, these APIs return details of the user, including his login name. If users can choose their own username during self-registration, this may be a means of introducing malicious input into the application’s processing. Session Interaction Java Platform applications use the javax.servlet.http.HttpSession interface to store and retrieve information within the current session. Per-session storage is a map of string names to object values. The APIs listed in Table 19-2 are used to store and retrieve data within the session.
Chapter 19 n Finding Vulnerabilities in Source Code 713 Table 19-2: APIs Used to Interact with the User’s Session on the Java Platform API setAttribute DESCRIPTION Used to store data within the current session. putValue getAttribute Used to query data stored within the current session. getValue getAttributeNames getValueNames Potentially Dangerous APIs This section describes some common Java APIs that can introduce security vulnerabilities if used in an unsafe manner. File Access The main class used to access files and directories in Java is java.io.File. From a security perspective, the most interesting uses of this class are calls to its constructor, which may take a parent directory and filename, or simply a pathname. Whichever form of the constructor is used, path traversal vulnerabilities may exist if user-controllable data is passed as the filename parameter without checking for dot-dot-slash sequences. For example, the following code opens a file in the root of the C:\ drive on Windows: String userinput = “..\\boot.ini”; File f = new File(“C:\\temp”, userinput); The classes most commonly used for reading and writing file contents in Java are: n java.io.FileInputStream n java.io.FileOutputStream n java.io.FileReader n java.io.FileWriter These classes take a File object in their constructors or may open a file themselves via a filename string, which may again introduce path traversal vulnerabilities if user-controllable data is passed as this parameter. For example: String userinput = “..\\boot.ini”; FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(“C:\\temp\\” + userinput);
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The Web Application Hacker’s Hand
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About the Authors Dafydd Stuttard i
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MDSec: The Authors’ Company Dafyd
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Acknowledgments We are indebted to
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Contents Introduction xxiii Chapter
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Contents xi Chapter 5 Bypassing Cli
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Contents xiii Testing Restrictions
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Contents xv Payloads for XSS Attack
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Contents xvii “Off-by-One” Vuln
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Contents xix Technical Challenges F
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Contents xxi 12 Miscellaneous Check
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xxiv Introduction attacker. If you
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xxvi Introduction Chapters 6, 7, an
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xxviii Introduction internal workin
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xxx Introduction If you want to foc
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xxxii Introduction web users that d
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CHAPTER 1 Web Application (In)secur
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Chapter 1 n Web Application (In)sec
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CHAPTER 3 Web Application Technolog
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Chapter 3 n Web Application Technol
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CHAPTER 5 Bypassing Client-Side Con
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Chapter 5 n Bypassing Client-Side C
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CHAPTER 7 Attacking Session Managem
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Chapter 7 n Attacking Session Manag
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CHAPTER 8 Attacking Access Controls
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Chapter 8 n Attacking Access Contro
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288 Chapter 9 n Attacking Data Stor
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358 Chapter 10 n Attacking Back-End
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406 Chapter 11 n Attacking Applicat
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432 Chapter 12 n Attacking Users: C
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CHAPTER 13 Attacking Users: Other T
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CHAPTER 16 Attacking Native Compile
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762 Chapter 20 n A Web Application
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854 Index n A-A hacker’s methodol
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856 Index n B-B meaningful, 212 URL
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858 Index n C-C XSS, 450-451 “cha
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860 Index n D-D CSS. See Cascading
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862 Index n F-F detecting hits, 574
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864 Index n H-H script injection, 8
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866 Index n J-J error messages, 388
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868 Index n M-O secret questions, 1
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870 Index n Q-R user input, 379-380
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872 Index n S-S second-order XSS. S
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874 Index n T-T signatures of commo
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876 Index n V-W provisos, 305-306 S
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878 Index n X-Z WHERE clause DELETE
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