the-web-application-hackers-handbook

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862 Index n F–F detecting hits, 574–576 examples, 573 hacker’s methodology, application mapping, 797–798 HTTP status code, 574 JAttack, 577–583 Location header, 575 response body, 575 response length, 574–575 scripting, 576–577 Set-Cookie header, 575 time delays, 575–576 ERP. See enterprise resource planning software error messages Apache, 628 ASP.NET, 628 database, 619–622 encryption oracle, 620–622 information disclosure, 619–620 databases, XSS in, 620 debugger, 425–426, 618–619 common, 619 dynamically generated, 434 engineering informative, 624–625 exploiting, 615–625 generic, 628 IE, 622 information disclosure, 615–625 generic, 628 Java, 628 keywords, 622 Microsoft IIS, 628 MS-SQL databases, 334–338 MySQL, 334–338 ODBC, 624 Oracle databases, 334–338 public information, 623 published content, 625 script, 616–617 search engines, 623 server, 619–622 SOAP injection, 388 source code, 623 SQL injection, 334–338 stack traces, 617–618 UNION operator, 306 VBScript, 616 verbose, 30–31, 624 errors conditional, SQL injection, 320–322 defense mechanisms handling attackers and, 30–31 unhandled, 30–31 escaping application logic flaws, 419–420 with backslash character, 419 JavaScript, script code bypassing filters, 465–466 XSS, 420 Etag string, 128–129 eval function, 362, 722 script code bypassing filters alternatives to, 466 event handlers HTML5, 458 script code in HTML with, 457–458 Expires header, 42 Extensible Markup Language (XML), 56. See also Simple Object Access Protocol; XML Path Language E4X, 463 injection, 383–390 XXE, 384–386, 841 interpreting, 387 XSS exploits JavaScript in, 478–479 sending cross-domain, 477–478 Extract Grep function, 598 F fail-open login function, 185–186, 194 failure messages, verbose, 166–169 file extensions, 102–105 file inclusion hacker’s methodology, 835–836 local, 382 remote, 381–382 flaw testing, 383 static resources, 382 vulnerabilities, 381–383 finding, 382–383 PHP, 381–382 file path manipulation, 368–383. See also path traversal vulnerabilities filters blocked characters, 311–312 conjunctive queries, 350 LDAP injection, 352–353 disjunctive queries, 350 LDAP injection, 351 exploiting defective, 313 HTML bypassing, 459–465 attribute delimiters, 461–462 attribute names, 461 attribute values, 462 character sets, 464–465 tag brackets, 462–464 tag name, 460–461 input, path traversal vulnerabilities, 374–377 LDAP, 350 Oracle PL/SQL Exclusion List bypassing, 692–694 reflected XSS defensive, 455–456 sanitizing, 468–471 signature-based, 456–457 sanitizing, reflected XSS, 468–471 script code bypassing, 465–468 dot character alternatives, 466 dynamically constructed strings, 466 encoding, 468 eval function alternatives, 466 JavaScript escaping, 465–466 multiple technique combination, 466–467 VBScript, 467 VBScript and JavaScript, 467–468 simple match conditions, 350 SQL injection bypassing, 311–313 XSS anti-, 452, 748 blacklist-based, 451–452 IE, 479–481 web browsers, 479–481 financial services application logic flaws, 412–416 ASPs, 658 fingerprinting databases, SQL injection, 303–304 Firebug, 785 Firefox, 459 browser extensions, 750 cross-domain data capture, 521 Firesheep tool, 234 hacker’s toolkit, 749–750 Referrer header, 239 Firesheep tool, Firefox, 234 firewalls, 12 alerts, 33 WAFs, NULL bytes, 460 first-order XSS. See reflected XSS 500 Internal Server Error, 49 brute-force techniques, 85
Index n G–H 863 503 Service Unavailable, 49 Flash, 134–135 bytecode, 141 /crossdomain.xml, 525–526 LSOs, 553 same-origin policy, 525–526 serialized data, 137–138 font-family property, 518–519 forced browsing, application logic flaws, 411 forgotten password, 584 attackers using, 14 format string vulnerabilities attackers, 644 causes, 643 detecting, 644 hacker’s methodology, 838 source code, 710 forms HTML, 58–59 authentication, 160–161 client-side control of user input with, 127–133 client-side data transmission with hidden, 118–120 disabled elements, 131–133 intercepting proxy modifying hidden, 119–120 length limits, 128–129 script-based validation, 129–131 web functionality, 58–60 400 Bad Request, 48 brute-force techniques, 84 401 Unauthorized, 48 brute-force techniques, 84–85 403 Forbidden, 49 brute-force techniques, 84–85 404 Not Found, 49 405 Method Not Allowed, 49 413 Request Entity Too Large, 49 414 Request URI Too Long, 49 framebusting, UI redress attacks, 514–515 function callbacks, JavaScript hijacking, 520 functional paths, web application pages versus, 93–96 functionality. See web functionality function-specific input vulnerabilities, hacker’s methodology, 836–841 fuzzing, 572–573 Burp Intruder, 600–602 hacker’s methodology, parameter, 824–827 integrated testing suites, 762–763 JAttack, 588–590 objective, 586–587 strings, 587 G general headers, 45 generic error messages, 628 GET method, 42 purpose, 264 GET request, 40 XSS converting, 474–475 getCurrentUserRoles method, 261 GIFAR files, 485–486 Google, 89 Omitted Results, 90 querying, 90 Google Translate (GT), 530–531 Gray Hat Hacking (Eagle & Harris & Harper & Ness), 634 GT. See Google Translate H hacker’s methodology access controls insecure access, 823 limited access, 822–823 multiple accounts, 822 requirements, 821 analysis attack surface mapping, 800 data entry points, 799 functionality, 798–799 technologies, 799–800 application logic flaws attack surface, 842 incomplete input, 843 multistage functions, 842–843 transaction logic, 844 trust relationships, 844 application mapping, 795–798 debug parameters, 798 default content, 797 enumerating identifiers, 797–798 hidden content, 796–797 public information resources, 796 of tokens to sessions, 818 visible content, 795–796 authentication application logic flaws, 811–813 credentials, autogenerated, 809–810 credentials, unsafe distribution, 810–811 credentials, unsafe transmission, 810 impersonation, 808–809 insecure web storage, 811 password guessing, 807 password quality, 806 password recovery, 807–808 “remember me” functions, 808 understanding, 805 username enumeration, 806–807 username uniqueness, 809 vulnerability exploitation for unauthorized access, 813 back-end request injection, 841 browser extensions, 802–804 ActiveX controls, 804 debugger, 803–804 decompiling, 802–803 buffer overflow, 837–838 client-side data transmission, 801 user input, 801–802 cookie scope, 820–821 CSRF, 820 DOM, 849–850 file inclusion, 835–836 format string vulnerabilities, 838 fuzzing parameters, 824–827 guidelines, 793–794 HTTP header injection, 830 information leakage, 852 input-based vulnerabilities, 824–836 function-specific, 836–841 integer vulnerabilities, 838 LDAP injection, 839–840 local privacy attacks, 850–851 miscellaneous checks, 849–852 native software bugs, 837–838 open redirection vulnerabilities, 830–831 OS command injection, 832–833 path traversal vulnerabilities, 833–835 reflected XSS, 829–830 same-origin policy, 851–852
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The Web Application Hacker’s Hand
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About the Authors Dafydd Stuttard i
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MDSec: The Authors’ Company Dafyd
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Acknowledgments We are indebted to
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Contents Introduction xxiii Chapter
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Contents xi Chapter 5 Bypassing Cli
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Contents xiii Testing Restrictions
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Contents xv Payloads for XSS Attack
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Contents xvii “Off-by-One” Vuln
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Contents xix Technical Challenges F
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Contents xxi 12 Miscellaneous Check
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xxiv Introduction attacker. If you
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xxvi Introduction Chapters 6, 7, an
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xxviii Introduction internal workin
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xxx Introduction If you want to foc
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xxxii Introduction web users that d
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CHAPTER 1 Web Application (In)secur
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Chapter 1 n Web Application (In)sec
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CHAPTER 3 Web Application Technolog
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Chapter 3 n Web Application Technol
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CHAPTER 5 Bypassing Client-Side Con
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Chapter 5 n Bypassing Client-Side C
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CHAPTER 7 Attacking Session Managem
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Chapter 7 n Attacking Session Manag
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CHAPTER 8 Attacking Access Controls
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Chapter 8 n Attacking Access Contro
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358 Chapter 10 n Attacking Back-End
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CHAPTER 13 Attacking Users: Other T
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CHAPTER 16 Attacking Native Compile
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CHAPTER 19 Finding Vulnerabilities
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Page 896 and 897: 860 Index n D-D CSS. See Cascading
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Page 902 and 903: 866 Index n J-J error messages, 388
Page 904 and 905: 868 Index n M-O secret questions, 1
Page 906 and 907: 870 Index n Q-R user input, 379-380
Page 908 and 909: 872 Index n S-S second-order XSS. S
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Page 912 and 913: 876 Index n V-W provisos, 305-306 S
Page 914: 878 Index n X-Z WHERE clause DELETE
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