the-web-application-hackers-handbook

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870 Index n Q–R user input, 379–380 Payment Card Industry (PCI), 7 Perl language API methods database access, 737–738 dynamic code execution, 738 file access, 737 OS command execution, 738 potentially dangerous, 736–739 sockets, 739 URL redirection, 738 eval function, 362 OS command injection via, 358–360 security configuration, 739–740 session interaction, 736 shell metacharacters, 360 user input, 735–736 per-page tokens, 252–253 persistent cookies, 550 phishing attacks, 541, 707 PHP API methods database access, 729–730 dynamic code execution, 730–731 file access, 727–729 OS command execution, 731 potentially dangerous, 727–732 sockets, 732 URL redirection, 731–732 eval function, 362 file inclusion vulnerabilities, 381–382 mail() command, 398–399 safe mode, 666 security configuration, 732–735 magic_quotes-gpc directive, 734 register_globals directive, 733 safe_mode directive, 733–734 session interaction, 727 tiered architectures, 653–654 user input, 724–727 web functionality, 54–55 .php file extension, 108 phpinfo.php, 672 ping command, 364 PKC # 5 padding, 685 CBC, 686–687 Plain Old Java Object (POJO), 53 PL/SQL Exclusion List, Oracle, 676–677 web server software filter bypass, 692–694 POJO. See Plain Old Java Object port scanning, Java Script, 561, 566 POST method, 43, 192 purpose, 264 POST request Content-Length header, 581 XSS converting, 474–475 PostgreSQL, 323 Pragma header, 42 predictable initial passwords, 183–184 predictable tokens, 213–223 Burp Intruder, 213–214 concealed sequences, 213–215 time dependency, 215–217 weak random number generation, 218–219 testing quality, 219–223 preg_replace function, 730 prepared statements, 339–341 privacy attacks. See local privacy attacks privilege data stores, 287 DBA, 325–326 escalation horizontal, 258, 416 vertical, 258, 416 multilayered model access controls security, 280–283 attackers, 283 privs field, 295 proceeding to checkout, application logic flaws, 410–411 programmatic access controls, 282 PROPFIND method, 679 proxy history records, 769–771 proxy servers. See also intercepting proxies hacker’s methodology, web servers, 847 hidden HTML form modification with intercepting, 119–120 HTTP, 49–50 HTTPS, 50 invisible, 138 web servers as, 682–683 proxy services cross-domain data capture, 529–531 GT, 530–531 Jitko worm, 530–531 public information error messages, 623 hacker’s methodology, application mapping, 796 hidden content discovery with, 89–91 Internet forums, 91 search engines for, 89 web archives for, 89–90 published content error messages, 625 hidden content discovery with inference from, 85–89 information disclosure, 625 PUT functions, 43 PUT method, 679–680 Q quantity parameter, restricting, 128 queries CGI, 735–736 conjunctive filters, 350 LDAP injection, 352–353 disjunctive filters, 350 LDAP injection, 351 parameterized provisos, 341 SQL injection, 339–341 search engines, 90 SELECT queries, UNION operator, 304–305 structure, SQL injection, 301–302 R race conditions, 427 Rails 1.0, 55 RBAC. See role-based access control real-world application logic flaws, 406–407 CSRF flaw, 505 passwords, 163 XSS, 442–443 recompiling, source code to bytecode within browser, 142–143 outside browser, 143
Index n S–S 871 redirection attacks. See open redirection vulnerabilities referer-based access controls, 266 Referrer header, 41–42 client-side data transmission, 122 Firefox, 239 XSS exploiting via, 475–476 reflected XSS, 434–438 Apache, 442 cookies, 437–438 delivering, 448–449 DOM XSS converted from, 472–473 exploiting, 435–438, 474 filters defensive, 455–456 sanitizing, 468–471 signature-based, 455–456 finding and exploiting, 452–481 hacker’s methodology, 829–830 IE, 435 length limits, 471–473 preventing, 492–496 HTML limitations, 495–496 input insertion, 495 input validation, 492–493 output validation, 493–495 “remember me” function, 437 steps, 436–437 stored XSS compared to, 439–440 user input testing, 453 script introduction, 454–455 register_globals directive, 733 “reject known bad” approach, input, 23–24 RemembeMe cookie, 407–408 “remember me” functions application logic flaws, encryption oracle, 407 authentication, 175–176, 193 hacker’s methodology, 808 cookies, 175–176 encrypting, 177 reflected XSS, 437 remote attackers, 427 remote black-box testing, 427 remote file inclusion, 381–382 flaw testing, 383 remoting, 70 representational state transfer (REST), URLs, 44–45 spidering, 74–75 request forgery CSRF, 8, 244, 504–511 anti-CSRF tokens, 508–509, 516–517 authentication, 507–508 exploiting flaws, 506–507 hacker’s methodology, 820 preventing flaws, 508–510 real-world flaws, 505 session management, 251 XSS defeating anti-CSRF tokens, 510–511 OSRF, 502–503 request headers, 45–46 “request in browser,” Burp Suite, 272–273 request macros, Burp Suite, 604–606 response headers, 46 REST. See representational state transfer reverse strokejacking, 560 rickrolling attacks, 541 Rios, Billy, 485 robots.txt, 74 role-based access control (RBAC), 282 rolling your own insurance, application logic flaws, 412–413 Ruby on Rails (Ruby), 55 WEBrick, 690 S safe data handling approach, input, 25 “safe for scripting” registration, ActiveX controls, 555–557 safe_mode directive, 733–734 same-origin policy, 524–525 browser extensions, 525–527 Flash, 525–526 Java, 527 Silverlight, 526–527 hacker’s methodology, 851–852 HTML5, 528–529 web functionality, 64 sanitization approach, input, 24–25 sanitizing filters, 468–471 scanning. See vulnerability scanners Schuh, Justin, 634 ScreenName cookie, 407–408 scripts. See also cross-site scripting deliberate backdoor, 660–661 enumerating identifiers, 576–577 error messages, 616–617 hacker’s toolkit custom, 786–789 Curl, 788 Netcat, 788–789 Stunnel, 789 Wget, 788 HTML form validation, 129–131 injection hacker’s methodology, 835 preventing vulnerabilities, 368 reflected XSS user input testing to introduce, 454–455 session token attacker, 217 script code bypassing filters, 465–468 dot character alternatives, 466 dynamically constructed strings, 466 encoding, 468 eval function alternatives, 466 JavaScript escaping, 465–466 multiple technique combination, 466–467 VBScript, 467 VBScript and JavaScript, 467–468 HTML introducing dynamically evaluated CSS styles, 459 event handlers, 457–458 script pseudo-protocols, 458 scripttags, 457 script pseudo-protocols, 458 search engines error messages, 623 inference, 626 public information, 89 queries, 90 search function application logic flaws, 422– 424, 429 stored XSS, 439 SEARCH method, 679 secondary challenge login function, 173, 200 password recovery, 200 second-order SQL injection, 313–314
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The Web Application Hacker’s Hand
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About the Authors Dafydd Stuttard i
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MDSec: The Authors’ Company Dafyd
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Acknowledgments We are indebted to
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Contents Introduction xxiii Chapter
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Contents xi Chapter 5 Bypassing Cli
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Contents xiii Testing Restrictions
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Contents xv Payloads for XSS Attack
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Contents xvii “Off-by-One” Vuln
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Contents xix Technical Challenges F
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Contents xxi 12 Miscellaneous Check
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xxiv Introduction attacker. If you
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xxvi Introduction Chapters 6, 7, an
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xxviii Introduction internal workin
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xxx Introduction If you want to foc
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xxxii Introduction web users that d
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CHAPTER 1 Web Application (In)secur
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Chapter 1 n Web Application (In)sec
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CHAPTER 3 Web Application Technolog
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Chapter 3 n Web Application Technol
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CHAPTER 5 Bypassing Client-Side Con
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Chapter 5 n Bypassing Client-Side C
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CHAPTER 7 Attacking Session Managem
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Chapter 7 n Attacking Session Manag
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CHAPTER 8 Attacking Access Controls
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Chapter 8 n Attacking Access Contro
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358 Chapter 10 n Attacking Back-End
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432 Chapter 12 n Attacking Users: C
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CHAPTER 13 Attacking Users: Other T
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CHAPTER 16 Attacking Native Compile
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CHAPTER 19 Finding Vulnerabilities
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Page 856 and 857: 820 Chapter 21 n A Web Application
Page 890 and 891: 854 Index n A-A hacker’s methodol
Page 892 and 893: 856 Index n B-B meaningful, 212 URL
Page 894 and 895: 858 Index n C-C XSS, 450-451 “cha
Page 896 and 897: 860 Index n D-D CSS. See Cascading
Page 898 and 899: 862 Index n F-F detecting hits, 574
Page 900 and 901: 864 Index n H-H script injection, 8
Page 902 and 903: 866 Index n J-J error messages, 388
Page 904 and 905: 868 Index n M-O secret questions, 1
Page 908 and 909: 872 Index n S-S second-order XSS. S
Page 910 and 911: 874 Index n T-T signatures of commo
Page 912 and 913: 876 Index n V-W provisos, 305-306 S
Page 914: 878 Index n X-Z WHERE clause DELETE
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