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710 Chapter 19 n Finding Vulnerabilities in Source Code Comparisons between signed and unsigned integers often lead to problems. In the following “fix” to the previous vulnerability, a signed integer (len) is compared with an unsigned integer (sizeof(strFileName)). If the user can engineer a situation where len has a negative value, this comparison will succeed, and the unchecked strcpy will still occur: BOOL CALLBACK CFiles::EnumNameProc(LPTSTR pszName, int len) { char strFileName[MAX_PATH]; } if (len < sizeof(strFileName)) strcpy(strFileName, pszName); ... Format String Vulnerabilities Typically you can identify these quickly by looking for uses of the printf and FormatMessage families of functions where the format string parameter is not hard-coded but is user-controllable. The following call to fprintf is an example: void logAuthenticationAttempt(char* username); { char tmp[64]; snprintf(tmp, 64, “login attempt for: %s\n”, username); tmp[63] = 0; fprintf(g_logFile, tmp); } Source Code Comments Many software vulnerabilities are actually documented within source code comments. This often occurs because developers are aware that a particular operation is unsafe, and they record a reminder to fix the problem later, but they never get around to doing so. In other cases, testing has identified some anomalous behavior within the application that was commented within the code but never fully investigated. For example, the authors encountered the following within an application’s production code:
Chapter 19 n Finding Vulnerabilities in Source Code 711 char buf[200]; // I hope this is big enough ... strcpy(buf, userinput); Searching a large codebase for comments indicating common problems is frequently an effective source of low-hanging fruit. Here are some search terms that have proven useful: n bug n problem n bad n hope n todo n fix n overflow n crash n inject n xss n trust The Java Platform This section describes ways to acquire user-supplied input, ways to interact with the user’s session, potentially dangerous APIs, and security-relevant configuration options on the Java platform. Identifying User-Supplied Data Java applications acquire user-submitted input via the javax.servlet.http. HttpServletRequest interface, which extends the javax.servlet.ServletRequest interface. These two interfaces contain numerous APIs that web applications can use to access user-supplied data. The APIs listed in Table 19-1 can be used to obtain data from the user request.
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The Web Application Hacker’s Hand
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About the Authors Dafydd Stuttard i
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MDSec: The Authors’ Company Dafyd
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Acknowledgments We are indebted to
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Contents Introduction xxiii Chapter
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Contents xi Chapter 5 Bypassing Cli
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Contents xiii Testing Restrictions
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Contents xv Payloads for XSS Attack
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Contents xvii “Off-by-One” Vuln
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Contents xix Technical Challenges F
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Contents xxi 12 Miscellaneous Check
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xxiv Introduction attacker. If you
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xxvi Introduction Chapters 6, 7, an
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xxviii Introduction internal workin
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xxx Introduction If you want to foc
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xxxii Introduction web users that d
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CHAPTER 1 Web Application (In)secur
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Chapter 1 n Web Application (In)sec
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CHAPTER 3 Web Application Technolog
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Chapter 3 n Web Application Technol
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CHAPTER 5 Bypassing Client-Side Con
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Chapter 5 n Bypassing Client-Side C
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CHAPTER 7 Attacking Session Managem
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Chapter 7 n Attacking Session Manag
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CHAPTER 8 Attacking Access Controls
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Chapter 8 n Attacking Access Contro
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288 Chapter 9 n Attacking Data Stor
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358 Chapter 10 n Attacking Back-End
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406 Chapter 11 n Attacking Applicat
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432 Chapter 12 n Attacking Users: C
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CHAPTER 13 Attacking Users: Other T
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CHAPTER 16 Attacking Native Compile
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854 Index n A-A hacker’s methodol
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856 Index n B-B meaningful, 212 URL
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858 Index n C-C XSS, 450-451 “cha
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860 Index n D-D CSS. See Cascading
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862 Index n F-F detecting hits, 574
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864 Index n H-H script injection, 8
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866 Index n J-J error messages, 388
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868 Index n M-O secret questions, 1
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870 Index n Q-R user input, 379-380
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872 Index n S-S second-order XSS. S
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874 Index n T-T signatures of commo
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876 Index n V-W provisos, 305-306 S
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878 Index n X-Z WHERE clause DELETE
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