Gang Deconstruction

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Brief Review of State Definitions of Gang Crime National Gang Center Page 15 of 34 December 2016 (States that have been highlighted in gray DO NOT have enhanced penalties for gang crimes.) STATE TERM(S) DEFINITION ENUMERATED/ELUCIDATED VIOLATIONS California Penal Code § 186.22 (continued) Colorado § 18-23-101 Delaware 11 Del. C. § 616 Delaware 11 Del. C. § 616 Florida § 874.03 Pattern of criminal gang activity Pattern of criminal gang activity Illegal gang participation Criminal gangrelated activity “the commission, attempt, conspiracy, or solicitation of two or more predicate criminal acts which are committed on separate occasions or by two or more persons” “the commission of, attempted commission of, conspiracy to commit, solicitation of, or conviction of two or more . . . criminal offenses, provided that at least one (1) of these offenses occurred after July 1, 2003, and that the last of those offenses occurred within three years after a prior offense, and provided that the offenses were committed on separate occasions or by two or more persons” “a person who actively participates in any criminal street gang with knowledge that its members engage in or have engaged in a pattern of criminal gang activity and who knowingly promotes, furthers, or assists in any criminal conduct by members of that gang which would constitute a felony under Delaware law shall be guilty of illegal gang participation. Illegal gang participation is a Class F felony” • Prohibited possession of a firearm • Carrying a concealed firearm • Carrying a loaded firearm “predicate criminal acts means the commission of or attempt, conspiracy, or solicitation to commit any of the following: any conduct defined as racketeering activity . . . any violation of section 18-8-706 [“Retaliation against a witness or victim”] or any criminal act committed in any jurisdiction of the United States, which, if committed in this state, would violate section 18-8-706” • Assault • Any criminal acts causing death • Any criminal acts relating to sexual offenses • Any criminal offenses relating to unlawful imprisonment or kidnapping • Any criminal acts of arson • Any criminal acts relating to burglary • Any criminal acts relating to robbery • Any criminal acts relating to theft or extortion . . . provided that such acts meet the requirements of felony offenses • Any criminal acts relating to riot, unlawful disruption, hate crimes, stalking, or bombs, provided that such acts meet the requirements of felony offenses • Any criminal acts involving deadly weapons or dangerous instruments • Any criminal acts involving controlled substances N/A N/A • An activity committed with the intent to benefit, promote, or further the interests of a criminal gang, or for the purposes of increasing a person’s own standing or position within a criminal gang • An activity in which the participants are identified as criminal gang members or criminal gang associates acting individually or collectively to further any criminal purpose of a criminal gang • An activity that is identified as criminal gang activity by a documented reliable informant or • An activity that is identified as criminal gang activity by an informant of previously untested reliability and such identification is corroborated by independent information
Brief Review of State Definitions of Gang Crime National Gang Center Page 16 of 34 December 2016 (States that have been highlighted in gray DO NOT have enhanced penalties for gang crimes.) STATE TERM(S) DEFINITION ENUMERATED/ELUCIDATED VIOLATIONS Georgia § 16-15-3 Criminal gang activity “the commission, attempted commission, conspiracy to commit, or solicitation, coercion, or intimidation of another person to commit . . . offenses on or after July 1, 2006” (A) Any offense defined as racketeering activity by Code Section 16-14-3; (B) Any offense defined in Article 7 of Chapter 5 of this title, relating to stalking; (C) Any offense defined in Code Section 16-6-1 as rape, 16-6-2 as aggravated sodomy, 16-6-3 as statutory rape, or 16-6-22.2 as aggravated sexual battery; (D) Any offense defined in Article 3 of Chapter 10 of this title, relating to escape and other offenses related to confinement; (E) Any offense defined in Article 4 of Chapter 11 of this title, relating to dangerous instrumentalities and practices; (F) Any offense defined in Code Section 42-5-15, 42-5-16, 42-5-17, 42-5-18, or 42-5-19, relating to the security of state or county correctional facilities; (G) Any offense defined in Code Section 49-4A-11, relating to aiding or encouraging a child to escape from custody; (H) Any offense of criminal trespass or criminal damage to property resulting from any act of gang related painting on, tagging, marking on, writing on, or creating any form of graffiti on the property of another; (I) Any criminal offense committed in violation of the laws of the United States or its territories, dominions, or possessions, any of the several states, or any foreign nation which, if committed in this state, would be considered criminal gang activity under this Code section; and (J) Any criminal offense in the State of Georgia, any other state, or the United States that involves violence, possession of a weapon, or use of a weapon, whether designated as a felony or not, and regardless of the maximum sentence that could be imposed or actually was imposed.
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Turning the Improbable Into the Exc
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6. 1 We disseminate Quarterly publi
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History In discussing the banditry
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The Russian, Chechen, Azerbaijani,
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"street gangs had strong links to p
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the gang itself, or in other crimin
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e burned on as well as inked. Some
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Gang membership was also associated
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Juvenile Gangs Youth gangs are comp
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United States. The US treasury depa
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installations both domestic and int
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Postwar Growth and Change: 1940-199
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continued unabated in the 1980s and
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Born to Kill Brothers' Circle Cal
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The Jersey Crew Tijuana Cartel Tiny
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Page 50 and 51: criminal street gang activity natur
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Page 54 and 55: and lack of opportunity for working
Page 56 and 57: Jobs and Education The Answer The r
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Page 62 and 63: Caracas, July 15, 2015 (venezuelana
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Page 128 and 129: schools that serve high-risk studen
Page 130 and 131: Sources Decker, S. H., and Lauritse
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a range of issues, including substa
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Gottfredson, G.D., Gottfredson, D.C
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Redl, F. 1945. The psychology of ga
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U.S. Department of Justice Office o
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Advocacy Foundation Publishers Page
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Issue Title Quarterly Vol. I 2015 T
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Issue Title Quarterly Vol. V 2019 O
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LI Nonprofit Confidentiality In The
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Vol. XVIII 2032 Public Policy LXXVI
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Legal Missions International Page 1
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XVII Russia Q-1 2019 XVIII Australi
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The e-Advocate Newsletter Genesis o
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Extras The Nonprofit Advisors Group
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www.TheAdvocacyFoundation.org Page
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