Gang Deconstruction

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Gang membership was also associated with: Early sexual activity Illegal gun ownership Activities and Types American gangs are responsible for an average of 48% of violent crime in most jurisdictions, and up to 90% in other jurisdictions. Major urban areas and their suburban surroundings experience the majority of gang activity, particularly gang-related violent crime. Gangs are known to engage in traditionally gang-related gambling, drug trafficking, and arms trafficking, white collar crime such as counterfeiting, identity theft, and fraud, and non-traditional activity of human trafficking and prostitution. Gangs can be categorized based on their ethnic affiliation, their structure, or their membership. Among the gang types defined by the National Gang Intelligence Center are the national street gang, the prison gang, the motorcycle gang, and the local street gang. Prison Gangs American prison gangs, like most street gangs, are formed for protection against other gangs. The goal of many street gang members is to gain the respect and protection that comes from being in a prison gang. Prison gangs use street gangs members as their power base for which they recruit new members. For many members, reaching prison gang status shows the ultimate commitment to the gang. Some prison gangs are transplanted from the street, and in some occasions, prison gangs "outgrow" the penitentiary and engage in criminal activities on the outside. Many prison gangs are racially oriented. Gang umbrella organizations like the Folk Nation and People Nation have originated in prisons. One notable American prison gang is the Aryan Brotherhood, an organization Page 30 of 110
known for its violence and white supremacist views. Established in the mid-1960s, the gang was not affiliated with the Aryan Nations and allegedly engages in violent crime, drug trafficking, and illegal gambling activities both in and out of prisons. On July 28, 2006, after a six-year federal investigation, four leaders of the gang were convicted of racketeering, murder, and conspiracy charges. Another significant American prison gang is the Aryan League, which was formed by an alliance between the Aryan Brotherhood and Public Enemy No. 1. Working collaboratively, the gangs engage in drug trafficking, identity theft, and other white collar crime using contacts in the banking system. The gang has used its connections in the banking system to target law enforcement agencies and family members of officers. There has been a long running racial tension between black and Hispanic prison gangs, as well as significant prison riots in which gangs have targeted each other. Motorcycle Gangs The United States has a significant population of motorcycle gangs, which are groups that use motorcycle clubs as organizational structures for conducting criminal activity. Some motorcycle clubs are exclusively motorcycle gangs, while others are only partially compromised by criminal activity. The National Gang Intelligence Center reports on all motorcycle clubs with gang activity, while other government agencies, such as the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) focus on motorcycle clubs exclusively dedicated to gang activity. The ATF estimates that approximately 300 exclusively gang-oriented motorcycle clubs exist in the United States. Organized Crime Gangs Organized criminal groups are a subtype of gang with a hierarchical leadership structure and in which individuals commit crime for personal gain. For most organized criminal group members, criminal activities constitute their occupation. There are numerous organized criminal groups with operations in the United States (including transnational organized crime groups), such as the Sinaloa Cartel, American Mafia, Jewish Mafia, Triad Society, Russian Mafia, Yakuza, Korean Mafia, Sicilian Mafia, Irish Mob, and Albanian Mafia. The activities of organized criminal groups are highly varied, and include drug, weapons, and human trafficking (including prostitution and kidnapping), art theft, murder (including contract killings and assassinations), copyright infringement, counterfeiting, identity theft, money laundering, extortion, illegal gambling, and terrorism. The complexity and seriousness of the crimes committed by global crime groups pose a threat not only to law enforcement but to democracy and legitimate economic development as well. American national and local street gangs will collaborate with organized criminal groups. Page 31 of 110
Page 2 and 3: Turning the Improbable Into the Exc
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Page 8 and 9: 6. 1 We disseminate Quarterly publi
Page 18 and 19: History In discussing the banditry
Page 20 and 21: The Russian, Chechen, Azerbaijani,
Page 22 and 23: "street gangs had strong links to p
Page 24 and 25: the gang itself, or in other crimin
Page 26 and 27: e burned on as well as inked. Some
Page 32 and 33: Juvenile Gangs Youth gangs are comp
Page 34 and 35: United States. The US treasury depa
Page 36 and 37: installations both domestic and int
Page 38 and 39: Postwar Growth and Change: 1940-199
Page 40 and 41: continued unabated in the 1980s and
Page 44 and 45: Born to Kill Brothers' Circle Cal
Page 46 and 47: The Jersey Crew Tijuana Cartel Tiny
Page 50 and 51: criminal street gang activity natur
Page 54 and 55: and lack of opportunity for working
Page 56 and 57: Jobs and Education The Answer The r
Page 60 and 61: The group also engages in extortion
Page 62 and 63: Caracas, July 15, 2015 (venezuelana
Page 66 and 67: prevention focuses more on the situ
Page 68 and 69: program's primary objective is prev
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Page 72 and 73: 2013, OJJDP made Community-Based Vi
Page 74 and 75: Gang Prevention: An Overview of Res
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Notes _____________________________
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BRIEF REVIEW OF FEDERAL AND STATE D
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Brief Review of State Definitions o
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Bureau of Justice Assistance U.S. D
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While little research has been cond
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• Internal identification as a ga
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schools that serve high-risk studen
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Sources Decker, S. H., and Lauritse
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U.S. Department of Justice Office o
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Table 1. Gang Membership by Study L
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Ethnicity In many large cities, the
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“Students who feel vulnerable at
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violent adolescent offenders, inclu
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Prevention and intervention efforts
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This bulletin provides examples of
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A Model for Prevention Before choos
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a range of issues, including substa
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Gottfredson, G.D., Gottfredson, D.C
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Redl, F. 1945. The psychology of ga
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U.S. Department of Justice Office o
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Advocacy Foundation Publishers Page
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Issue Title Quarterly Vol. I 2015 T
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Issue Title Quarterly Vol. V 2019 O
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LI Nonprofit Confidentiality In The
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Vol. XVIII 2032 Public Policy LXXVI
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Legal Missions International Page 1
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XVII Russia Q-1 2019 XVIII Australi
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The e-Advocate Newsletter Genesis o
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Extras The Nonprofit Advisors Group
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www.TheAdvocacyFoundation.org Page
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