Gang Deconstruction

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Brief Review of State Definitions of Gang National Gang Center Page 13 of 34 December 2016 STATE TERM(S) GROUPING NUMBER FORMALITY PURPOSE OR ACTIVITY IDENTIFIERS Washington § 9.94A.030 Wisconsin § 939.22 Wyoming § 6-1-104 Criminal street gang Organization, association, or group Criminal gang Organization, association, or group Criminal street gang Organization, association, or group 3 or more persons 3 or more persons 5 or more persons Formal or informal Formal or informal Formal or informal “having as one of its primary activities the commission of criminal acts, and whose members or associates individually or collectively engage in or have engaged in a pattern of criminal street gang activity. This definition does not apply to employees engaged in concerted activities for their mutual aid and protection, or to the activities of labor and bona fide nonprofit organizations or their members or agents” “that has as one of its primary activities the commission of one or more one or more of the criminal acts, or acts that would be criminal if the actor were an adult . . . and whose members individually or collectively engage in or have engaged in a pattern of criminal gang activity” “having as one (1) of its primary activities the commission of one (1) or more of the criminal acts . . . and whose members or associates individually or collectively engage in or have been engaged in a pattern of criminal street gang activity” Common name or common identifying sign or symbol Common name, or common identifying sign or symbol Common name or identifying sign or symbol
Brief Review of State Definitions of Gang Crime National Gang Center Page 14 of 34 December 2016 DEFINITION OF “GANG CRIME” BY STATE (States that have been highlighted in gray DO NOT have enhanced penalties for gang crimes.) STATE TERM(S) DEFINITION ENUMERATED/ELUCIDATED VIOLATIONS Arkansas § 5-74-103 California Penal Code § 186.22 Predicate criminal offense Pattern of criminal gang activity “any violation of Arkansas law that is a crime of violence or a crime of pecuniary gain” “the commission of, attempted commission of, conspiracy to commit, or solicitation of, sustained juvenile petition for, or conviction of two or more of the following offenses, provided at least one of these offenses occurred after the effective date of this chapter and the last of those offenses occurred within three years after a prior offense, and the offenses were committed on separate occasions, or by two or more persons” N/A • Assault with a deadly weapon or by means of force likely to produce great bodily injury • Robbery • Unlawful homicide or manslaughter • Sale, possession for sale, transportation, manufacture, offer for sale, or offer to manufacture controlled substances • Shooting at an inhabited dwelling or occupied motor vehicle • Discharging or permitting the discharge of a firearm from a motor vehicle • Arson • Intimidation of witnesses and victims • Grand theft • Grand theft of any firearm, vehicle, trailer, or vessel • Burglary • Rape • Looting • Money laundering • Kidnapping • Mayhem • Aggravated mayhem • Torture • Felony extortion • Felony vandalism • Carjacking • Sale, delivery, or transfer of a firearm • Possession of a pistol, revolver, or other firearm • Threats to commit crimes resulting in death or great bodily injury • Theft and unlawful taking or driving of a vehicle • Felony theft of an access card or account information • Counterfeiting, designing, using, or attempting to use an access card • Felony fraudulent use of an access card or account information • Unlawful use of personal identifying information to obtain credit, goods, services, or medical information • Wrongfully obtaining Department of Motor Vehicles documentation
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Turning the Improbable Into the Exc
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6. 1 We disseminate Quarterly publi
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History In discussing the banditry
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The Russian, Chechen, Azerbaijani,
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"street gangs had strong links to p
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the gang itself, or in other crimin
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e burned on as well as inked. Some
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Gang membership was also associated
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Juvenile Gangs Youth gangs are comp
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United States. The US treasury depa
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installations both domestic and int
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Postwar Growth and Change: 1940-199
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continued unabated in the 1980s and
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Born to Kill Brothers' Circle Cal
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The Jersey Crew Tijuana Cartel Tiny
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Page 50 and 51: criminal street gang activity natur
Page 54 and 55: and lack of opportunity for working
Page 56 and 57: Jobs and Education The Answer The r
Page 60 and 61: The group also engages in extortion
Page 62 and 63: Caracas, July 15, 2015 (venezuelana
Page 66 and 67: prevention focuses more on the situ
Page 68 and 69: program's primary objective is prev
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Page 72 and 73: 2013, OJJDP made Community-Based Vi
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Page 82 and 83: Notes _____________________________
Page 86 and 87: BRIEF REVIEW OF FEDERAL AND STATE D
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Page 128 and 129: schools that serve high-risk studen
Page 130 and 131: Sources Decker, S. H., and Lauritse
Page 134 and 135: U.S. Department of Justice Office o
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A Model for Prevention Before choos
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a range of issues, including substa
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Gottfredson, G.D., Gottfredson, D.C
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Redl, F. 1945. The psychology of ga
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U.S. Department of Justice Office o
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Advocacy Foundation Publishers Page
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Issue Title Quarterly Vol. I 2015 T
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Issue Title Quarterly Vol. V 2019 O
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LI Nonprofit Confidentiality In The
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Vol. XVIII 2032 Public Policy LXXVI
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Legal Missions International Page 1
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XVII Russia Q-1 2019 XVIII Australi
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The e-Advocate Newsletter Genesis o
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Extras The Nonprofit Advisors Group
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www.TheAdvocacyFoundation.org Page
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