Gang Deconstruction

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Brief Review of State Definitions of Gang Member National Gang Center Page 3 of 34 December 2016 DEFINITION OF “GANG MEMBER” BY STATE STATE TERM(S) NUMBER CRITERIA BELONGS TO OR ENGAGES IN Arizona § 13-105 Florida § 874.03 Florida § 874.03 Idaho § 18-8502 Criminal street gang member Criminal gang member Criminal gang associate Criminal gang member 2 or more of 7 • Self-proclamation • Witness testimony or official statement • Written or electronic correspondence • Paraphernalia or photographs • Tattoos • Clothing or colors • Any other indicia of street gang membership N/A 2 or more • Admits to criminal gang membership N/A • Is identified as a criminal gang member by a parent or guardian • Is identified as a criminal gang member by a documented reliable informant • Adopts the style of dress of a criminal gang • Adopts the use of a hand sign identified as used by a criminal gang • Has a tattoo identified as used by a criminal gang • Associates with one or more known criminal gang members • Is identified as a criminal gang member by an informant of previously untested reliability and such identification is corroborated by independent information • Is identified as a criminal gang member by physical evidence • Has been observed in the company of one or more known criminal gang members four or more times. Observation in a custodial setting requires a willful association. It is the intent of the legislature to allow this criterion to be used to identify gang members who recruit and organize in jails, prisons, and other detention settings • Has authored any communication indicating responsibility for the commission of any crime by the criminal gang N/A N/A “who admits to criminal gang association; 2 or more • Admits to gang membership • Is identified as a gang member • Resides in or frequents a particular gang’s area and adopts its style of dress, use of hand signs, or tattoos and associates with known gang members • Has been arrested more than once in the company of identified gang members for offenses that are consistent with usual gang activity • Is identified as a gang member by physical evidence such as photographs or other documentation • Has been stopped in the company of known gang members four or more times “who engages in a pattern of criminal gang activity”
Brief Review of State Definitions of Gang Member National Gang Center Page 4 of 34 December 2016 STATE TERM(S) NUMBER CRITERIA BELONGS TO OR ENGAGES IN Illinois § 740 ILCS 147-10 Kansas § 21-6313 Michigan § 750.411u § 750.411v Street gang member Gang member Criminal street gang member Gang member Member of a gang N/A N/A “who actually and in fact belongs to a gang, and any person who knowingly acts in the capacity of an agent for or accessory to, or is legally accountable for, or voluntarily associates himself with a course or pattern of gang-related criminal activity, whether in a preparatory, executory, or cover-up phase of any activity, or who knowingly performs, aids, or abets any such activity” Admission of 3 or more (b) “criminal street gang member" is a person who: (1) Admits to criminal street gang membership; or (2) meets three or more of the following criteria: (A) Is identified as a criminal street gang member by a parent or guardian; (B) is identified as a criminal street gang member by a state, county or city law enforcement officer or correctional officer or documented reliable informant; (C) is identified as a criminal street gang member by an informant of previously untested reliability and such identification is corroborated by independent information; (D) frequents a particular criminal street gang's area; (E) adopts such gang's style of dress, color, use of hand signs or tattoos; (F) associates with known criminal street gang members; (G) has been arrested more than once in the company of identified criminal street gang members for offenses which are consistent with usual criminal street gang activity; (H) is identified as a criminal street gang member by physical evidence including, but not limited to, photographs or other documentation; (I) has been stopped in the company of known criminal street gang members two or more times; or (J) has participated in or undergone activities self-identified or identified by a reliable informant as a criminal street gang initiation ritual N/A N/A “who belongs to a gang” N/A
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Turning the Improbable Into the Exc
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6. 1 We disseminate Quarterly publi
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History In discussing the banditry
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The Russian, Chechen, Azerbaijani,
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"street gangs had strong links to p
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the gang itself, or in other crimin
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e burned on as well as inked. Some
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Gang membership was also associated
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Juvenile Gangs Youth gangs are comp
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United States. The US treasury depa
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installations both domestic and int
Page 38 and 39: Postwar Growth and Change: 1940-199
Page 40 and 41: continued unabated in the 1980s and
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Page 44 and 45: Born to Kill Brothers' Circle Cal
Page 46 and 47: The Jersey Crew Tijuana Cartel Tiny
Page 50 and 51: criminal street gang activity natur
Page 54 and 55: and lack of opportunity for working
Page 56 and 57: Jobs and Education The Answer The r
Page 60 and 61: The group also engages in extortion
Page 62 and 63: Caracas, July 15, 2015 (venezuelana
Page 66 and 67: prevention focuses more on the situ
Page 68 and 69: program's primary objective is prev
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Page 72 and 73: 2013, OJJDP made Community-Based Vi
Page 74 and 75: Gang Prevention: An Overview of Res
Page 78 and 79: Rhode Island South Carolina South D
Page 82 and 83: Notes _____________________________
Page 86 and 87: BRIEF REVIEW OF FEDERAL AND STATE D
Page 90 and 91: Brief Review of State Definitions o
Page 122 and 123: Bureau of Justice Assistance U.S. D
Page 124 and 125: While little research has been cond
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Page 128 and 129: schools that serve high-risk studen
Page 130 and 131: Sources Decker, S. H., and Lauritse
Page 134 and 135: U.S. Department of Justice Office o
Page 136 and 137: Table 1. Gang Membership by Study L
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Ethnicity In many large cities, the
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“Students who feel vulnerable at
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violent adolescent offenders, inclu
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Prevention and intervention efforts
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This bulletin provides examples of
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A Model for Prevention Before choos
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a range of issues, including substa
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Gottfredson, G.D., Gottfredson, D.C
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Redl, F. 1945. The psychology of ga
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U.S. Department of Justice Office o
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Advocacy Foundation Publishers Page
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Issue Title Quarterly Vol. I 2015 T
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Issue Title Quarterly Vol. V 2019 O
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LI Nonprofit Confidentiality In The
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Vol. XVIII 2032 Public Policy LXXVI
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Legal Missions International Page 1
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XVII Russia Q-1 2019 XVIII Australi
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The e-Advocate Newsletter Genesis o
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Extras The Nonprofit Advisors Group
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www.TheAdvocacyFoundation.org Page
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