Gang Deconstruction

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criminal street gang activity naturally varies from city to city and state to state depending on the size of the problem as well as legislation. However, the advancement of counterinsurgency technologies and strategies proven effective in militarized zones such as Iraq and Afghanistan has provided authorities with new ways to fight the “war on gangs” in America. Statistical analysis in conjunction with advanced military software can now provide lawmaking authorities with the type of information that maps connections between gang activities, individual suspects, their social circles, family ties, and neighborhood connections. Authorities now have the tools to deconstruct the culture of ‘criminal street gangs’ by not only identifying their territorial boundaries but criminal industries, politics affiliates both in and out of the penitentiary, gang code and ethics, as well as illegal activities. Beyond the push for a national model providing a tactical framework outlining the methodologies behind the policing strategies of: prevention, intervention, intelligence, and suppression of criminal street gang activity, there is yet another arena where the “War on <strong>Gang</strong>s” continues to be fought, the political arena. Organized criminal street gangs such as 18th Street are boasting over 65,000 members and are believed to be operating in over 120 U.S. cities, 37 states, in addition to being considered an international crime organization linked to corrupt political insurgency. The <strong>Gang</strong>ster Disciples is an organization with over 30,000 members in 35 states, employing themselves not only in drug trade but sponsoring political candidates, infiltrating police and private security agencies, and sponsoring protest marches. Local and Community Level Researchers have attempted to understand the theoretical implications for participation in gang activity. Many of them looked into the reasons why people join gangs. The most common reasons examined among gang researchers include factors such as socioeconomic status, peer-to-peer and parent-to-child relationships, and discrimination. For example, in 2007, California State University-Northridge professor Kay Kei-Ho Pih and three other university professors conducted a study examining the purpose of capital (drug trafficking) among Latino and Taiwanese gangs. Their findings showed that the Latino gang members were raised in poor neighborhoods, wanted to make quick and easy money from selling drugs, and did not receive support from their parents about their academic endeavors which led them to drop out of school or complete a GED. The Taiwanese triad members, on the other hand, came from higher socioeconomic statuses, prioritized their education getting undergrad and graduate degrees, and sold drugs for recreation purposes. However, Hua-Lun Huang argues that gangs such as the Chinese Triads and the Mexican Mafia could also form because of extremist ideology and political connections to government outside of the United States. In 2002, the Routine activity theory was used by California State University, Long Beach criminal justice professor, John Z. Wang in his case study about eight bank robberies in Houston, Texas, which states that crimes committed by gangs are influenced by three factors: Motivated offenders The availability of suitable targets Page 50 of 110
The absence of capable guardians Alternative Approaches Several scholars suggest that alternative methods should be implemented in order to fight against the war on gangs including the development of community-based outreach programs instead of continuing to arrest potential gang members. For example, in 1998, Westminster Police Department director Douglas Kent and Claremont University professor, George Felkenes conducted a cross-sectional study on the cultural reasons why Vietnamese youth in Southern California join and participate in gang activity by interviewing over 250 Vietnamese youth and parents. Felkenes and Kent concluded their study with recommendations on how to initiate gang prevention programs: They are necessary and should be carefully planned. They must focus on minority youth rather than the general public. They should make the youth population view gangs in a negative light. They should teach them how to cope with gangs in residential areas by avoiding their influence. In addition, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign criminologist, Jun Sung Hong in his 2010 study about the Bronfenbrenner ecological approach to understanding Vietnamese gangs in America states that “after-school programs and activities for youths, such as sports or job training opportunities might enhance pro-social behavior and reduce motivation to join a gang.” He also argues that professional organizations and practitioners should also educate government officials about the correlation between social conditions and the negative outcomes. Page 51 of 110
Page 2 and 3: Turning the Improbable Into the Exc
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Page 8 and 9: 6. 1 We disseminate Quarterly publi
Page 18 and 19: History In discussing the banditry
Page 20 and 21: The Russian, Chechen, Azerbaijani,
Page 22 and 23: "street gangs had strong links to p
Page 24 and 25: the gang itself, or in other crimin
Page 26 and 27: e burned on as well as inked. Some
Page 30 and 31: Gang membership was also associated
Page 32 and 33: Juvenile Gangs Youth gangs are comp
Page 34 and 35: United States. The US treasury depa
Page 36 and 37: installations both domestic and int
Page 38 and 39: Postwar Growth and Change: 1940-199
Page 40 and 41: continued unabated in the 1980s and
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Page 46 and 47: The Jersey Crew Tijuana Cartel Tiny
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Page 60 and 61: The group also engages in extortion
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Page 74 and 75: Gang Prevention: An Overview of Res
Page 78 and 79: Rhode Island South Carolina South D
Page 82 and 83: Notes _____________________________
Page 86 and 87: BRIEF REVIEW OF FEDERAL AND STATE D
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Brief Review of State Definitions o
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Bureau of Justice Assistance U.S. D
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While little research has been cond
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• Internal identification as a ga
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schools that serve high-risk studen
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Sources Decker, S. H., and Lauritse
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U.S. Department of Justice Office o
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Table 1. Gang Membership by Study L
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Ethnicity In many large cities, the
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“Students who feel vulnerable at
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violent adolescent offenders, inclu
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Prevention and intervention efforts
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This bulletin provides examples of
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A Model for Prevention Before choos
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a range of issues, including substa
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Gottfredson, G.D., Gottfredson, D.C
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Redl, F. 1945. The psychology of ga
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U.S. Department of Justice Office o
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Advocacy Foundation Publishers Page
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Issue Title Quarterly Vol. I 2015 T
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Issue Title Quarterly Vol. V 2019 O
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LI Nonprofit Confidentiality In The
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Vol. XVIII 2032 Public Policy LXXVI
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Legal Missions International Page 1
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XVII Russia Q-1 2019 XVIII Australi
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The e-Advocate Newsletter Genesis o
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Extras The Nonprofit Advisors Group
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www.TheAdvocacyFoundation.org Page
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