Institutional Racism

Although it is not always connected to race and can sometimes be generalized by
class, gentrification or urban renewal is another form of residential segregation.
Gentrification is defined as higher income newcomers displacing lower income residents
from up-and-coming urban neighborhoods. Critical race theory is used to examine race
as an implicit assumption that merits investigation as demographic changes in the U.S.
challenge these class-based definitions.
Consequences
Location of housing is a determinant of a person's access to the job market,
transportation, education, healthcare, and safety. People residing in neighborhoods with
high concentrations of low-income and minority households experience higher mortality
risks, poor health services, high rates of teenage pregnancy, and high crime
rates. These neighborhoods also experience higher rates of unemployment, and lack of
access to job networks and transportation, which prevents households from fully gaining
and accessing employment opportunities. The result of isolation and segregation of
minority and the economically disadvantaged is increased racial and income inequality,
which in turn reinforces segregation.
A 2015 Measure of America report on disconnected youth found that black youth in
highly segregated metro areas are more likely to be disconnected from work and
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