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Institutional Racism

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Renaming cities and other places when captured, such as the renaming of<br />

Saigon to Ho Chi Minh City after Vietnamese victory in the Vietnam War<br />

False flag events<br />

Use of loudspeaker systems to communicate with enemy soldiers<br />

Terrorism<br />

The threat of chemical weapons<br />

Information warfare<br />

Most of these techniques were developed during World War II or earlier, and have been<br />

used to some degree in every conflict since. Daniel Lerner was in the OSS (the<br />

predecessor to the American CIA) and in his book, attempts to analyze how effective<br />

the various strategies were. He concludes that there is little evidence that any of them<br />

were dramatically successful, except perhaps surrender instructions over loudspeakers<br />

when victory was imminent. It should be noted, though, that measuring the success or<br />

failure of psychological warfare is very hard, as the conditions are very far from being a<br />

controlled experiment.<br />

Lerner also divides psychological warfare operations into three categories:<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

White propaganda (Omissions and Emphasis): Truthful and not strongly biased,<br />

where the source of information is acknowledged.<br />

Grey propaganda (Omissions, Emphasis and Racial/Ethnic/Religious Bias):<br />

Largely truthful, containing no information that can be proven wrong; the source<br />

is not identified.<br />

Black propaganda (Commissions of falsification): Inherently deceitful, information<br />

given in the product is attributed to a source that was not responsible for its<br />

creation.<br />

Lerner points out that grey and black operations ultimately have a heavy cost, in that the<br />

target population sooner or later recognizes them as propaganda and discredits the<br />

source. He writes, "This is one of the few dogmas advanced by Sykewarriors that is<br />

likely to endure as an axiom of propaganda: Credibility is a condition of persuasion.<br />

Before you can make a man do as you say, you must make him believe what you say."<br />

Consistent with this idea, the Allied strategy in World War II was predominantly one of<br />

truth (with certain exceptions).<br />

China<br />

By Country<br />

According to U.S. military analysts, attacking the enemy’s mind is an important element<br />

of the People's Republic of China's military strategy. This type of warfare is rooted in the<br />

Chinese Stratagems outlined by Sun Tzu in The Art of War and Thirty-Six Stratagems.<br />

In its dealings with its rivals, China is expected to utilize Marxism to mobilize communist<br />

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