Institutional Racism

In 2007, at the 20 Years of Propaganda?: Critical Discussions & Evidence on the
Ongoing Relevance of the Herman & Chomsky Propaganda Model (15–17 May 2007)
conference at the University of Windsor, Ontario, Herman and Chomsky summarized
developments to the propaganda model on the occasion of the twentieth anniversary of
publication of Manufacturing Consent.
In 2008, Chomsky replied to questions concerning the ways Internet blogs and selfgenerated
news reportage conform to and differ from the propaganda model. He also
explained how access to information is not enough, because a framework of
understanding is required.
Film Adaptation
Four years after publication, Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass
Media was adapted to the cinema as Manufacturing Consent: Noam Chomsky and the
Media (1992), a documentary presentation of the propaganda-model of communication,
the politics of the mass-communications business, and a biography of Chomsky.
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Media Bias
Media bias is the bias or perceived bias of journalists and news producers within
the mass media in the selection of events and stories that are reported and how they
are covered. The term "media bias" implies a pervasive or widespread bias
contravening the standards of journalism, rather than the perspective of an individual
journalist or article. The direction and degree of media bias in various countries is widely
disputed.
Practical limitations to media neutrality include the inability of journalists to report all
available stories and facts, and the requirement that selected facts be linked into a
coherent narrative. Government influence, including overt and covert censorship, biases
the media in some countries, for example China, North Korea and Myanmar. Market
forces that result in a biased presentation include the ownership of the news
source, concentration of media ownership, the selection of staff, the preferences of an
intended audience, and pressure from advertisers.
There are a number of national and international watchdog groups that report on bias in
the media.
Types
The most commonly discussed forms of bias occur when the (allegedly partisan) media
support or attack a particular political party,candidate, or ideology.
D'Alessio and Allen list three forms of media bias as the most widely studied:
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