Protestantism in Sweden and Denmark - James Aitken Wylie

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from the yoke of the priesthood, invited Luther to visit his dominions. The Reformer, however, declined the invitation. In the following year (1521) Christian II. issued an edict forbidding appeals to Rome, and another encouraging priests to marry.[5] These Reforming measures, however, did not prosper. It was hardly to be expected that they should, seeing they were adopted because they accorded with a policy the main object of which was to wrest the power of oppression from the clergy, that the king might wield it himself. It was not till the next reign that the Reformation was established in Denmark. Meanwhile we pursue the history of Christian II., which takes us back to Sweden, and opens to us the rise and progress of the Reformation in that country. And here it becomes necessary to attend first of all to the peculiar political constitution of the three kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. By the settlement of Calmar (1397) the union of the three kingdoms, under a common sovereign, became a fundamental and irrevocable law. To secure the liberties of the States, however, 44
it was provided that each kingdom should be governed according to its peculiar laws and customs. When Christian II. ascended the throne of Denmark (1513), so odious was his character that the Swedes refused to acknowledge him as their king, and appointed an administrator, Steno Sturius, to hold the reins of government.[6] Christian waited a few years to strengthen himself in Denmark before attempting the reduction of the Swedes. At length he raised an army for the invasion of Sweden; his cause was espoused within the kingdom by Trollius, Archbishop of Upsala, and Arcimboldus, the Pope's legate and indulgence-monger, who largely subsidized Christian out of the vast sums he had collected by the sale of pardons, and who moreover had influence enough to procure from the Pope a bull placing the whole of Sweden under interdict, and excommunicating Steno and all the members of his government.[7] The fact that this conquest was gained mainly by the aid of the priests, shows clearly the estimate formed of King Christian's Protestantism by his contemporaries. 45
Page 1 and 2: RISE AND ESTABLISHMENT OF PROTESTAN
Page 3 and 4: attended them, the historical recor
Page 5 and 6: towns in which mechanical arts and
Page 7 and 8: likely to show itself. The dissensi
Page 9 and 10: The disaster which had overtaken th
Page 11 and 12: evolution, formed the price which F
Page 13 and 14: magnificent realms. Its quaking soi
Page 15 and 16: ancient privileges and their newly-
Page 17 and 18: "Buried in sleep of indolence profo
Page 19 and 20: When we cross the Pyrenees and ente
Page 21 and 22: Besides, the Spaniards of that age
Page 23 and 24: movement would have been its undoin
Page 25 and 26: the New; and notably in this, that
Page 27 and 28: seen to mingle with them. Solitary,
Page 29 and 30: in bold relief before the world as
Page 31 and 32: perished on the battle-field, the t
Page 33 and 34: But when that day came these hopes
Page 35 and 36: pleasure, they compelled obedience,
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 3 Introduction of Protestan
Page 39 and 40: country, with the consent of the ki
Page 41 and 42: Left without instruction by their s
Page 43: time filled by Christian II., of th
Page 47 and 48: At length, emerging from his place
Page 49 and 50: They were born respectively in 1497
Page 51 and 52: his side according to his light and
Page 53 and 54: Galatians to Skara; St. John's Gosp
Page 55 and 56: make good in public the charge of h
Page 57 and 58: 293. 17. "Episcopi moras nectere at
Page 59 and 60: abolished, and did the rites retain
Page 61 and 62: In maintaining the affirmative Gall
Page 63 and 64: who shirked [4] them was guilty of
Page 65 and 66: adduced in proof of the power of th
Page 67 and 68: Pope Sylvester -- i.e., for twelve
Page 69 and 70: without surrendering the corner-sto
Page 71 and 72: It became, of course, the duty of D
Page 73 and 74: The next point was whether the inst
Page 75 and 76: Lord's Supper, pours contempt upon
Page 77 and 78: made fit for heaven." "No," replied
Page 79 and 80: Ecolampadius, we are apt to be told
Page 81 and 82: Footnotes : 1. Baazius, Invent. Ecc
Page 83 and 84: Chapter 5 Establishment of Protesta
Page 85 and 86: among his people; the power of the
Page 87 and 88: prebends and ecclesiastical immunit
Page 89 and 90: and possessions against all the att
Page 91 and 92: must lay down the scepter. The ques
Page 93 and 94: fruitful source of evil in the past
Page 95 and 96:
the yoke of a tyrant" "We acknowled
Page 97 and 98:
Thus the "preaching of the Word" wa
Page 99 and 100:
help of the Popish ritual. Several
Page 101 and 102:
of Upsala, the first see in Sweden,
Page 103 and 104:
which formed its basis." It was a t
Page 105 and 106:
cloisters, that they were all prepa
Page 107 and 108:
Chapter 6 Protestantism in Sweden,
Page 109 and 110:
opened on the 1st March by a speech
Page 111 and 112:
king for their support of the Missa
Page 113 and 114:
It is easy to pity, nay, it is easy
Page 115 and 116:
the realm, and the representatives
Page 117 and 118:
Arcimbold, by the preaching of indu
Page 119 and 120:
Sweden, by L. A. Anjou; Upsala, 185
Page 121 and 122:
V. His uncle Frederick, Duke of Hol
Page 123 and 124:
which had just begun to be broken u
Page 125 and 126:
exacted of the new monarch a pledge
Page 127 and 128:
Wittemberg. That seminary was fatal
Page 129 and 130:
The monastery at whose expense he h
Page 131 and 132:
opportunities of proselytizing unde
Page 133 and 134:
posted guards around the churches,
Page 135 and 136:
admiration of the qualities of the
Page 137 and 138:
even of Christianity, menaced with
Page 139 and 140:
III., and died in 1559. (Gerdesius,
Page 141 and 142:
Chapter 8 Church-song in Denmark ME
Page 143 and 144:
to Odensee, he addressed them in La
Page 145 and 146:
finally, the ecclesiastical jurisdi
Page 147 and 148:
sang in the temples should be trans
Page 149 and 150:
to Zion with songs." In particular
Page 151 and 152:
named, there were two men, both fam
Page 153 and 154:
had been obliged to become an exile
Page 155 and 156:
Chapter 9 Establishment of Protesta
Page 157 and 158:
crowns, cowls, and anointings, but
Page 159 and 160:
after the manner of the Roman Churc
Page 161 and 162:
discovered that the Lutherans were
Page 163 and 164:
channels than the monastery; and th
Page 165 and 166:
26. -- Gerdesius, tom. 3, p. 377; e
Page 167 and 168:
men" were, at the same time, to pre
Page 169 and 170:
were united in favor of Christian.
Page 171 and 172:
demanded that Taussan should be res
Page 173 and 174:
course.[4] The other bishops were n
Page 175 and 176:
overtaken by the Divine vengeance.
Page 177 and 178:
adoption. The proposed decree was,
Page 179 and 180:
professors and pastors of his kingd
Page 181 and 182:
In the above list, as the reader wi
Page 183 and 184:
exactions of the monks, and the dem
Page 185 and 186:
superstition fought as stout a batt
Page 187 and 188:
Grammius in his edition of Cragius'
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Protestantism in Sweden and Denmark - James Aitken Wylie

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