Dominican Medicinal Plants: A Guide for Health Care Providers

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Activity/Effect Preparation Design & Model Results Reference Antifungal Essential oil of leaves and an oil-containing ointment In vitro & in vivo: guinea-pigs, applied topically Antimycotic against dermatophytes: Trychophyton mentagropytes and Microsporum audouinii at a concentration of 50 ppm; controlled established ringworm infection in Kishore et al. 1996 Antifungal, antiaflatoxic & antioxidant Antileishmaniasis Leaf essential oil (concentration 100 µg/mL) Essential oil, administered intraperitoneally, orally or intralesionally In vitro: tested against a broad range of fungal species In vivo: BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania amazonensis; positive control: amphotericin B (1 mg/kg) animal model Showed significant fungitoxic, aflatoxininhibiting & antioxidant activity; suggest use as a natural food fungitoxicant Active; oral & intraperitoneal dosage of 30 mg/kg showed significant improvement (better than positive control); no resistance detected Antimalarial Aerial parts In vitro Active against Plasmodium falciparum Antimalarial Ascaridole In vitro against (terpene isolated Plasmodium from plant) falciparum Antimalarial & insecticidal Antimicrobial Antiulcer Hydroalcoholic extract of dry aerial parts Aqueous leaf extract (200 µL/disc) Aqueous extract (25 and 100 mg/kg) given orally In vivo (mice) & in vitro In vitro In vivo: rat with experimentally induced-ulcers Active; strongly inhibited growth of plasmodial growth; 0.05 mcmol concentration arrested growth after 3 days; eradicated visible parasites at 0.1 mcmol Showed activity against Plasmodium berghei (100 µg/mL) in vivo & against Lutzomyia longipalpis (1 g/L) in vitro Active against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris & Staphylococcus albus Significantly decreased the quantity & incidence of gastric ulcers without changing the volume of gastric liquid or free acid Kumar et al. 2006 Monzote et al. 2007 Sauvain et al. 1990 Pollack et al. 1990 Misra et al. 1991 Desta 1993 Cambar 1988 132
Activity/Effect Preparation Design & Model Results Reference Cytotoxic & Gadano et al. 2006 genotoxic Antifungal Aqueous decoction & infusion (concentrations: 1, 10, 100, 1000 µL extract/mL culture) Essential oil & ointment made with essential oil Immunomodulatory Hydroalcoholic crude leaf extract (5 mg/kg intraperitoneally) Antileishmanial Essential oil; 30 mg/kg/day administered intraperitoneally <strong>for</strong> 15 days Nematocidal Trypanocidal Water extract & ascaridole-free hexane-extracted aqueous extract Ascaridole & monoterpene hydroperoxides isolated from aerial parts In vitro: human lymphocyte cell cultures; negative control: Chenopodium album extract (because does not contain essential oil) In vitro: against 12 dermatophyte species; in vivo: guinea pigs w/experimental ring worm In vivo: mice (C3H/HePas) In vitro & in vivo: Leishmania amazonensis; BALB/c mice infected experimentally In vitro: rat gastrointestinal smooth muscle; concentrations required to kill Caenorhabditis elegans In vitro: epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi Effect Not Demonstrated Active; showed significant increase in chromosomal aberrations & frequency of sister chromatid exchanges; decreased mitotic index Strongly active in vitro against dermatophyte species & cured ringworm in animal model within 7- 12 days Active; increased phagocytosis, nitric oxide production & cellular recruitment to lymphoid organs (results similar to concanavalin A, positive control) Active; 50% inhibition against promastigote & amastigote <strong>for</strong>ms at 3.7 & 4.6 µg/mL; showed moderate toxicity on macrophages in mice; indicated dose was effective Showed no observable effect on smooth muscle contraction (unlike ascaridole); research supports safety of traditional use of this herb as an infusion Active; minimum inhibition concentrations were 23, 1.2, 1.6, 3.1 & 0.8 mcmol depending on the constituent Kishore et al. 1993 Cruz et al. 2006 Monzote et al. 2006 MacDonald et al. 2004 Kiuchi et al. 2002 Activity/Effect Preparation Design & Model Results Reference 133
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DOMINICAN MEDICINAL PLANTS: A GUIDE
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Este libro está dedicado a la comu
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Gilda Pérez. We thank the Rosentha
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PART 1 INTRODUCTION AND HOW TO USE
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York Poison Control Center. Support
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controlled clinical trials is given
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Heading DOMINICAN MEDICINAL USES Pl
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comparing these specimens with herb
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PART 2: QUICK GUIDE TO HOME REMEDIE
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Warfarin: fruit may inhibit anticoa
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Clinical Data No human clinical tri
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analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antim
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Safety The fruit is generally consi
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for allergic reaction in gluten-sen
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Fruit. Dominican Medicinal Uses The
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oxide formation, serine proteinase
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Caffeine has been investigated in h
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Entire plant shown to be hepatotoxi
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Warfarin (risk of bleeding). Clinic
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Flecha An aromatic, alcohol-based l
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Plant Part Used Leaf. Dominican Med
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disease, hypertension, menopausal h
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Leaf: decoction, orally, for pain,
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oil, topically, for sinus infection
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* See entry for Roble in “Part 3:
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Aqueous root extract given at moder
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See Hierba mora. Zanahoria* Carrot
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Aguacate OTHER COMMON NAMES Hojas d
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infections and cough (based on sign
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Activity/Effect Preparation Design
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Craigmill AL, Seawright AA, Mattila
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Availability: As a popular culinary
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Clinical Data: Capsicum spp. Activi
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Cruz L, Castaneda-Hernandez G, Nava
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- Upper or lower respiratory tract
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Roberge RJ, Leckey R, Spence R, Kre
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estrogenic effect in the human body
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Se
Page 81 and 82: Effect Not Demonstrated Activity/Ef
Page 83 and 84: Yukes JE, Balick MJ, Kronenberg F,
Page 85 and 86: Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Oc
Page 87 and 88: Duke JA, Beckstrom-Sternberg SM. 19
Page 89 and 90: For treating sinusitis and headache
Page 91 and 92: Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Ci
Page 93 and 94: Traditional Preparation: The leaves
Page 95 and 96: Poso H, Wichmann K, Janne J, Luukka
Page 97 and 98: scavenging and wound healing (see
Page 99 and 100: REFERENCES Aires V, Adote S, Hicham
Page 101 and 102: mixtures and decocted or tinctured
Page 103 and 104: Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Am
Page 105 and 106: Mirone C, Albert F, Tosi A, Mocchet
Page 107 and 108: Drug Interactions: The effects of s
Page 109 and 110: Activity/Effect Preparation Study d
Page 111 and 112: Lewith GT, Godfrey AD, Prescott P.
Page 113 and 114: Contraindications: Internal use is
Page 115 and 116: Lores RI, Pujol MC. 1990. as cited
Page 117 and 118: Adverse effects in infants have bee
Page 119 and 120: Activity Preparation Study design R
Page 121 and 122: Sahraei H, Ghoshooni H, Hossein Sal
Page 123 and 124: Distinguishing Characteristics of C
Page 125 and 126: Activity/Effect Preparation Design
Page 127 and 128: - Stomach disorders Plant Part Used
Page 129 and 130: In ethnobotanical studies conducted
Page 131: Clinical Data: Chenopodium ambrosio
Page 135 and 136: Kishore NJ, Chansouria JP, Dubey NK
Page 137 and 138: Apio (Apium graveolens) is a bienni
Page 141 and 142: For the species Cucurbita pepo: Cal
Page 143 and 144: that more investigation is needed t
Page 145 and 146: Germosén-Robineau L, ed. 1995. Hac
Page 147 and 148: Fruits are 7-12 mm long, narrowly o
Page 153 and 154: Hallfrisch J, Scholfield DJ, Behall
Page 155 and 156: avoid bruising and exposure to mois
Page 159 and 160: Yukes JE, Balick MJ, Kronenberg F,
Page 161 and 162: - Limpiar la sangre - Menopausal ho
Page 163 and 164: Hiller K. 1987. as cited in Germos
Page 165 and 166: SAFETY & PRECAUTIONS As a widely co
Page 169 and 170: - Bronchitis - Common cold - Cough
Page 173 and 174: Goda Y, Hoshino K, Akiyama H, Ishik
Page 175 and 176: 25 g of butter) administered orally
Page 179 and 180: Germosén-Robineau L, ed. 2005. Far
Page 181 and 182: Availability: In New York City, the
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Liogier AH. 1985. La Flora de la Es
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enzoic acid, p-hydroxycinnamic acid
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Supratman U, Fujita T, Akiyama K, H
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orally; this recommendation is base
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Perez C, Anesini C. 1994. as cited
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Contraindications: Unknown; insuffi
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Gleason H and Cronquist A. 1991. Ma
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Traditional Uses: Café seeds are t
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Co
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SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE In laboratory
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Cañafístula OTHER COMMON NAMES Go
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Yukes JE, Balick MJ, Kronenberg F,
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Clinical Data: Cinnamomum verum Act
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In ethnobotanical studies conducted
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Antinociceptive & antiinflammatory
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Signs of intoxication from ingestin
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Coriander (English). SCIENTIFIC NAM
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Blumenthal M, Busse WR, Goldberg A,
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the following nutrients: calcium, c
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Traditional Preparation: To prepare
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Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C
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Clinical Data: Vaccinium macrocarpo
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Grant P. 2004. Warfarin and cranber
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The wood of is also good for cleans
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REFERENCES Balick MJ, Kronenberg F,
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leaf-edges. Flowers grow singly and
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Dans AM, Villarruz MV, Jimeno CA, J
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facilities, some respondents report
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Eucalipto OTHER COMMON NAMES Eucaly
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Eu
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Distribution: This plant is native
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Caceres A, Cano O, Samayoa B, Aguil
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In one human clinical trial conduct
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nervios), a sedative tea is prepare
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Rolland et al. 1988. as cited in Ge
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- Vaginal infections Plant Part Use
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and can be taken as a remedy for la
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- Skin disorders - Upper or lower r
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Hierba Mora OTHER COMMON NAMES Yerb
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Clinical Data: Solanum americanum A
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Sultana S, Perwaiz S, Iqbal M, Atha
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calcium channel blockers and antihy
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Hawthorn M, Ferrante J, Lchowski E,
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Plant Part Used: Seeds and the oil
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Okwuasaba FK, Osunkwo UA, Ekwenchi
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Traditional Uses: Hinojo is associa
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Blumenthal M, Busse WR, Goldberg A,
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BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION Jagua (Genipa
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- Childbirth - labor pain - Fever -
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Clinical Data: Zingiber officinale
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Bhandari U, Shamsher AA, Pillai KK,
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Kar A, Choudhary BK, Bandyopadhyay
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Sugaya A, Tsuda T, Sugaya E, Usami
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along the sides of branches with wh
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the unripe fruit administered intra
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U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agr
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present in the citrus fruit rind. S
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Murcia MA, Jiménez AM, Martínez-T
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greater than the estimated correspo
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Duke JA, Beckstrom-Sternberg SM. 19
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Plant Part Used: Leaves. Traditiona
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SCIENTIFIC NAME Agave spp.; most co
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- Abortifacient - Contraception - I
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Balick MJ, Kronenberg F, Ososki AL,
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± 1.46 g/kg when administered intr
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Traditional Uses: Manzana is consid
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Ch
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BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION Naranja agria
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REFERENCES Allison DB, Cutter G, Po
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or blockage of the digestive tract,
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Orégano Poleo OTHER COMMON NAMES O
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- Inflammation - Limpiar el sistema
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SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE Medline liter
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and as a source of sugar whereas th
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Boettger-Tong H, Shipley G, Hsu CJ,
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Distribution: Originally native to
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Dominican Republic, a decoction of
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- Uterine fibroids - Wounds Plant P
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Al
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Lee KH, Kim JH, Lim DS, Kim CH. 200
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active compounds include pyridine a
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- Nightsweats - Prostate disorders
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DOMINICAN MEDICINAL USES In ethnobo
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Yildirim A, Mavi A, Oktay M, Kara A
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Effect Not Demonstrated Activity/Ef
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to tomillo have been reported; howe
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Mikus J, Harkenthal M, Steverding D
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SAFETY & PRECAUTIONS The fruit and
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Ci
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Grenier J, Fradette C, Morelli G, M
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- Leukemia - Menstrual disorders -
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Clinical Data: Uncaria tomentosa Ac
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Carvalho MV, Penido C, Siani AC, Va
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Sandoval-Chacon M, Thompson JH, Zha
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SAFETY & PRECAUTIONS TRAMIL describ
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- Liver disorders - Menopausal hot
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Kumarasamy Y, Cox PJ, Jaspars M, Na
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mL milliliter(s) mm millimeter(s) m
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Divided: Cut into distinct parts, a
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such as ferns and cycads Stamen: Th
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