Dominican Medicinal Plants: A Guide for Health Care Providers

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Part 1 Introduction and How to Use this Book Part 2 Quick Guide to Dominican Home Remedies Part 3 Medicinal Plant Monographs APPENDICES A. Key to Abbreviations and Symbols B. Glossary of Botanical Terms 6
PART 1 INTRODUCTION AND HOW TO USE THIS BOOK: BACKGROUND, METHODS AND EXPLANATION OF LAYOUT INTRODUCTION During ethnomedical interviews while conducting fieldwork for this publication, practitioners of traditional medicine from the Dominican Republic repeatedly responded with the same popular expression when asked about medicinal plants: “Hay plantas que curan y plantas que matan (There are plants that heal and plants that kill).” This wise saying encapsulates one of the primary goals of this book. Knowing the difference between potentially harmful substances and beneficial therapies is of crucial importance for anyone, especially health care providers and individuals who self-medicate with herbal remedies. However, sometimes the difference between potentially toxic vs. safe therapies is not as clear-cut as it might seem at first glance. As physicians have known since the time of Paracelsus, the difference between poison and medicine is in the dose. Even foods or pharmaceutical drugs that are generally regarded as safe can be toxic or cause adverse effects depending on the context of their use. Herb-drug interactions are another important concern as research has shown that many popular botanical therapies may negatively affect drug metabolism. Reliable information on the safety, contraindications and potential drug interactions of complementary and alternative therapies is needed now more than ever before. Although abundant research data is available for mainstream dietary supplements and herbs, very little attention has been given to the botanical therapies and traditional remedies used by immigrant communities and minority ethnic groups here in the United States, particularly among low-income and underserved populations. In an era of globalization characterized by increasing urbanization and transnational migration, health care providers frequently encounter patients from diverse backgrounds. Clinicians may not speak the same language as their patients or be familiar with their health-related cultural beliefs and practices, some of which may affect adherence to treatment protocols and health outcomes. With widespread use of complementary and alternative therapies, including traditional herbal remedies, how can clinicians determine the safety of the non-pharmaceutical therapies that their patients may be using, especially if they are unfamiliar or referred to by regional vernacular or unknown names? The primary aim of this book is to address these questions with respect to immigrants from the Dominican Republic in New York City by providing information on traditional Dominican uses of medicinal plants and a review of the available scientific literature on their safety and efficacy. The present volume, Dominican Medicinal Plants: A Guide for Health Care Providers, is intended as a reference manual for clinicians to support culturally effective health care and greater understanding of the traditional medical practices of immigrants from the Dominican Republic in New York City. By providing information about complementary and alternative therapies, including traditional herbal remedies, among Latino/Caribbean immigrants in the United States, this book can be used to help facilitate informed dialogue and enhance disclosure regarding patients’ use of medicinal plants. As an informational and educational tool, this book can support patient-provider communication and enhance cross-cultural understanding in a clinical setting. In addition to information about the plants themselves, this guidebook also provides explanations of key ethnomedical concepts and customs related to the use of herbal medicine to clarify the cultural context of Dominican ethnomedical traditions. Ultimately, the main goal of this guidebook is to enhance the quality of patient care for Dominicans in New York City by supporting informed patient-provider communication and raising awareness about the use of home remedies and their relevance to health care. We sincerely hope that this book can serve as a model for other educational initiatives to enhance the quality of health care for 7
Page 1 and 2: DOMINICAN MEDICINAL PLANTS: A GUIDE
Page 3 and 4: Este libro está dedicado a la comu
Page 5: Gilda Pérez. We thank the Rosentha
Page 9 and 10: York Poison Control Center. Support
Page 11 and 12: controlled clinical trials is given
Page 13 and 14: Heading DOMINICAN MEDICINAL USES Pl
Page 15 and 16: comparing these specimens with herb
Page 17 and 18: PART 2: QUICK GUIDE TO HOME REMEDIE
Page 19 and 20: Warfarin: fruit may inhibit anticoa
Page 21 and 22: Clinical Data No human clinical tri
Page 23 and 24: analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antim
Page 25 and 26: Safety The fruit is generally consi
Page 27 and 28: for allergic reaction in gluten-sen
Page 29 and 30: Fruit. Dominican Medicinal Uses The
Page 31 and 32: oxide formation, serine proteinase
Page 33 and 34: Caffeine has been investigated in h
Page 35 and 36: Entire plant shown to be hepatotoxi
Page 37 and 38: Warfarin (risk of bleeding). Clinic
Page 39 and 40: Flecha An aromatic, alcohol-based l
Page 41 and 42: Plant Part Used Leaf. Dominican Med
Page 43 and 44: disease, hypertension, menopausal h
Page 45 and 46: Leaf: decoction, orally, for pain,
Page 47 and 48: oil, topically, for sinus infection
Page 49 and 50: * See entry for Roble in “Part 3:
Page 51 and 52: Aqueous root extract given at moder
Page 53 and 54: See Hierba mora. Zanahoria* Carrot
Page 55 and 56: Aguacate OTHER COMMON NAMES Hojas d
Page 57 and 58:
infections and cough (based on sign
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Activity/Effect Preparation Design
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Craigmill AL, Seawright AA, Mattila
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Availability: As a popular culinary
Page 65 and 66:
Clinical Data: Capsicum spp. Activi
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Cruz L, Castaneda-Hernandez G, Nava
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- Upper or lower respiratory tract
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Roberge RJ, Leckey R, Spence R, Kre
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estrogenic effect in the human body
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Se
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Effect Not Demonstrated Activity/Ef
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Yukes JE, Balick MJ, Kronenberg F,
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Oc
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Duke JA, Beckstrom-Sternberg SM. 19
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For treating sinusitis and headache
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Ci
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Traditional Preparation: The leaves
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Poso H, Wichmann K, Janne J, Luukka
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scavenging and wound healing (see
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REFERENCES Aires V, Adote S, Hicham
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mixtures and decocted or tinctured
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Am
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Mirone C, Albert F, Tosi A, Mocchet
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Drug Interactions: The effects of s
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Activity/Effect Preparation Study d
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Lewith GT, Godfrey AD, Prescott P.
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Contraindications: Internal use is
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Lores RI, Pujol MC. 1990. as cited
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Adverse effects in infants have bee
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Activity Preparation Study design R
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Sahraei H, Ghoshooni H, Hossein Sal
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Distinguishing Characteristics of C
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- Stomach disorders Plant Part Used
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In ethnobotanical studies conducted
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Clinical Data: Chenopodium ambrosio
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Kishore NJ, Chansouria JP, Dubey NK
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Apio (Apium graveolens) is a bienni
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For the species Cucurbita pepo: Cal
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that more investigation is needed t
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Germosén-Robineau L, ed. 1995. Hac
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Fruits are 7-12 mm long, narrowly o
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Page 151 and 152:
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Hallfrisch J, Scholfield DJ, Behall
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avoid bruising and exposure to mois
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Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
- Limpiar la sangre - Menopausal ho
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Hiller K. 1987. as cited in Germos
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SAFETY & PRECAUTIONS As a widely co
Page 167 and 168:
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- Bronchitis - Common cold - Cough
Page 171 and 172:
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Goda Y, Hoshino K, Akiyama H, Ishik
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25 g of butter) administered orally
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Germosén-Robineau L, ed. 2005. Far
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Availability: In New York City, the
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Liogier AH. 1985. La Flora de la Es
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enzoic acid, p-hydroxycinnamic acid
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Supratman U, Fujita T, Akiyama K, H
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orally; this recommendation is base
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Perez C, Anesini C. 1994. as cited
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Contraindications: Unknown; insuffi
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Gleason H and Cronquist A. 1991. Ma
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Traditional Uses: Café seeds are t
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Co
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SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE In laboratory
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Cañafístula OTHER COMMON NAMES Go
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Page 209 and 210:
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Clinical Data: Cinnamomum verum Act
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In ethnobotanical studies conducted
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Antinociceptive & antiinflammatory
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Signs of intoxication from ingestin
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Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Coriander (English). SCIENTIFIC NAM
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Blumenthal M, Busse WR, Goldberg A,
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the following nutrients: calcium, c
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Traditional Preparation: To prepare
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Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C
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Clinical Data: Vaccinium macrocarpo
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Grant P. 2004. Warfarin and cranber
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The wood of is also good for cleans
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REFERENCES Balick MJ, Kronenberg F,
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leaf-edges. Flowers grow singly and
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Dans AM, Villarruz MV, Jimeno CA, J
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facilities, some respondents report
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Eucalipto OTHER COMMON NAMES Eucaly
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Eu
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Distribution: This plant is native
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Caceres A, Cano O, Samayoa B, Aguil
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In one human clinical trial conduct
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Page 267 and 268:
nervios), a sedative tea is prepare
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Page 271 and 272:
Rolland et al. 1988. as cited in Ge
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- Vaginal infections Plant Part Use
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and can be taken as a remedy for la
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- Skin disorders - Upper or lower r
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Hierba Mora OTHER COMMON NAMES Yerb
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Clinical Data: Solanum americanum A
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Sultana S, Perwaiz S, Iqbal M, Atha
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calcium channel blockers and antihy
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
Hawthorn M, Ferrante J, Lchowski E,
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Plant Part Used: Seeds and the oil
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Okwuasaba FK, Osunkwo UA, Ekwenchi
Page 297 and 298:
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Traditional Uses: Hinojo is associa
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Blumenthal M, Busse WR, Goldberg A,
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BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION Jagua (Genipa
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- Childbirth - labor pain - Fever -
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Clinical Data: Zingiber officinale
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Page 311 and 312:
Page 313 and 314:
Page 315 and 316:
Page 317 and 318:
Page 319 and 320:
Page 321 and 322:
Bhandari U, Shamsher AA, Pillai KK,
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Kar A, Choudhary BK, Bandyopadhyay
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Sugaya A, Tsuda T, Sugaya E, Usami
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along the sides of branches with wh
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the unripe fruit administered intra
Page 331 and 332:
Page 333 and 334:
Page 335 and 336:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agr
Page 337 and 338:
present in the citrus fruit rind. S
Page 339 and 340:
Page 341 and 342:
Murcia MA, Jiménez AM, Martínez-T
Page 343 and 344:
greater than the estimated correspo
Page 345 and 346:
Page 347 and 348:
Duke JA, Beckstrom-Sternberg SM. 19
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Plant Part Used: Leaves. Traditiona
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Page 353 and 354:
SCIENTIFIC NAME Agave spp.; most co
Page 355 and 356:
Page 357 and 358:
- Abortifacient - Contraception - I
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Balick MJ, Kronenberg F, Ososki AL,
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± 1.46 g/kg when administered intr
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Traditional Uses: Manzana is consid
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Ch
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BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION Naranja agria
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REFERENCES Allison DB, Cutter G, Po
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or blockage of the digestive tract,
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Orégano Poleo OTHER COMMON NAMES O
Page 379 and 380:
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- Inflammation - Limpiar el sistema
Page 383 and 384:
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SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE Medline liter
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and as a source of sugar whereas th
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Boettger-Tong H, Shipley G, Hsu CJ,
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Distribution: Originally native to
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Dominican Republic, a decoction of
Page 395 and 396:
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- Uterine fibroids - Wounds Plant P
Page 399 and 400:
Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Al
Page 401 and 402:
Lee KH, Kim JH, Lim DS, Kim CH. 200
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active compounds include pyridine a
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- Nightsweats - Prostate disorders
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DOMINICAN MEDICINAL USES In ethnobo
Page 411 and 412:
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Yildirim A, Mavi A, Oktay M, Kara A
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Effect Not Demonstrated Activity/Ef
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to tomillo have been reported; howe
Page 419 and 420:
Page 421 and 422:
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Mikus J, Harkenthal M, Steverding D
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SAFETY & PRECAUTIONS The fruit and
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Ci
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Grenier J, Fradette C, Morelli G, M
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- Leukemia - Menstrual disorders -
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Clinical Data: Uncaria tomentosa Ac
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Carvalho MV, Penido C, Siani AC, Va
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Sandoval-Chacon M, Thompson JH, Zha
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SAFETY & PRECAUTIONS TRAMIL describ
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- Liver disorders - Menopausal hot
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Kumarasamy Y, Cox PJ, Jaspars M, Na
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mL milliliter(s) mm millimeter(s) m
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Divided: Cut into distinct parts, a
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such as ferns and cycads Stamen: Th
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