Dominican Medicinal Plants: A Guide for Health Care Providers

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Duke JA, Beckstrom-Sternberg SM. 1998. Dr. Duke’s Phytochemical Database, USDA – ARS – NGRL (eds.), Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland. http://www.ars-grin.gov/duke/ (accessed July 10, 2007). Germosén-Robineau L, ed. 2005. Farmacopea vegetal caribeña, segunda edición. Santo Domingo, República Dominicana: enda-caribe, 487 pp. Herrera J. 1988. as cited in Germosén-Robineau (2005). Determinación de actividades biológicas de vegetales utilizados en medicina tradicional. Informe TRAMIL. Dep. de Farmacología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia. TRAMIL III, La Habana, Cuba, MINSAP/enda-caribe. Kikuzaki H, Sato A, Mayahara Y, Nakatani. 2000. Galloylglucosides from berries of Pimenta dioica. Journal of Natural Products 63(6):749-752. Miyajima Y, Kikuzaki H, Hisamoto M, Nikatani N. 2004. Antioxidant polyphenols from berries of Pimenta dioica. Biofactors 21(1-4):301-303. Nakatani N. 2000. Phenolic antioxidants from herbs and spices. Biofactors 13(1-4):141-146. Yukes JE, Balick MJ, Kronenberg F, Reiff M, Johnson K. 2002-2003. Urban Ethnobotany Project, Phase III - Dominican herbal remedies for women's health. Unpublished field notes. Manuscript on file, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. Manzana OTHER COMMON NAMES Apple, common apple (English). SCIENTIFIC NAME Malus pumila Mill. Snonyms: Malus communis Poir, Malus domestica Borkh. [Rosaceae (Rose Family)]. DOMINICAN MEDICINAL USES In ethnobotanical studies conducted in New York City, Dominican interview participants reported using or knowing about the use this edible food plant as a remedy for the following health conditions (Yukes et al. 2002-2003): - Common cold - Flu - Heart disease - High blood pressure - High cholesterol - Menopausal hot flashes Plant Part Used: Fruits. Traditional Preparation: The fruits are prepared as a remedy by boiling them in hot water and preparing a tea. 362
Traditional Uses: Manzana is considered a fresh plant with cooling and calming properties. For treating conditions caused by excessive heat in the body, the fruit is prepared by cutting it into small pieces and boiling it as a tea (decoction method) with other medicinal herbs and spices. The fruit is eaten for nutritional purposes and to prevent and/or treat high blood pressure, high cholesterol and heart disease. As a remedy for the common cold or flu, a tea is prepared of manzana fruits combined with cinnamon (canela) bark and lemon/lime (limón) juice. Availability: As a popular food, manzana fruit is typically available at most grocery stores and supermarkets in the produce section. BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION Manzana (Malus pumila) is a small tree (2-12 m tall). Leaves are twice as long as their leaf-stems, narrowly oval to egg-shaped in outline, rounded- or sharply-toothed along the leaf edges with persistent soft hairs densely covering the underside of the leaf. Flowers are arranged in umbrella-like clusters of 4-7 with white or pinkish petals and fuzzy sepals. Fruits are of variable size with crisp, juicy, white, sweet to sour flesh and skin color ranging from yellow to green, red or variegated, depending on the particular cultivar (Bailey Hortorium Staff 1976). Distribution: Native to Europe and southwest Asia, this plant is cultivated widely for its fruits (Bailey Hortorium Staff 1976). SAFETY & PRECAUTIONS This fruit is widely consumed and generally considered safe. There are no known health hazards or negative side effects associated with the appropriate therapeutic use of this plant (Gruenwald et al. 2004). Contraindications: None identified in the available literature. Drug Interactions: None identified in the available literature. Indications and Usage: The fresh, dried or juiced fruit can be taken orally, and the peel can be used in teas. Pharmaceutical preparations are available in liquid and dried pectin forms (Gruenwald et al. 2004). SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE Manzana has demonstrated improvement of gastroenteritis in clinical studies and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antirheumatic effects in laboratory and/or animal studies (see data tables below). Bioactive fruit constituents include: acetic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, asparagine, avicularin, biotin, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, d-catechin, estragole, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, lutein, p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, quercitrin and reynoutrin. The skin or pericarp contains the flavonoids quercetin and rutin (Duke & Beckstrom-Sternberg 2006). Apples are a significant source of dietary fiber and vitamin C (U.S. Dept. of Agriculture 2006). 363
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DOMINICAN MEDICINAL PLANTS: A GUIDE
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Este libro está dedicado a la comu
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Gilda Pérez. We thank the Rosentha
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PART 1 INTRODUCTION AND HOW TO USE
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York Poison Control Center. Support
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controlled clinical trials is given
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Heading DOMINICAN MEDICINAL USES Pl
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comparing these specimens with herb
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PART 2: QUICK GUIDE TO HOME REMEDIE
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Warfarin: fruit may inhibit anticoa
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Clinical Data No human clinical tri
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analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antim
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Safety The fruit is generally consi
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for allergic reaction in gluten-sen
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Fruit. Dominican Medicinal Uses The
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oxide formation, serine proteinase
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Caffeine has been investigated in h
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Entire plant shown to be hepatotoxi
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Warfarin (risk of bleeding). Clinic
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Flecha An aromatic, alcohol-based l
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Plant Part Used Leaf. Dominican Med
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disease, hypertension, menopausal h
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Leaf: decoction, orally, for pain,
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oil, topically, for sinus infection
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* See entry for Roble in “Part 3:
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Aqueous root extract given at moder
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See Hierba mora. Zanahoria* Carrot
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Aguacate OTHER COMMON NAMES Hojas d
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infections and cough (based on sign
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Activity/Effect Preparation Design
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Craigmill AL, Seawright AA, Mattila
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Availability: As a popular culinary
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Clinical Data: Capsicum spp. Activi
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Cruz L, Castaneda-Hernandez G, Nava
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- Upper or lower respiratory tract
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Roberge RJ, Leckey R, Spence R, Kre
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estrogenic effect in the human body
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Se
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Effect Not Demonstrated Activity/Ef
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Yukes JE, Balick MJ, Kronenberg F,
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Oc
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Duke JA, Beckstrom-Sternberg SM. 19
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For treating sinusitis and headache
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Ci
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Traditional Preparation: The leaves
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Poso H, Wichmann K, Janne J, Luukka
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scavenging and wound healing (see
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REFERENCES Aires V, Adote S, Hicham
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mixtures and decocted or tinctured
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Am
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Mirone C, Albert F, Tosi A, Mocchet
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Drug Interactions: The effects of s
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Activity/Effect Preparation Study d
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Lewith GT, Godfrey AD, Prescott P.
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Contraindications: Internal use is
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Lores RI, Pujol MC. 1990. as cited
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Adverse effects in infants have bee
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Activity Preparation Study design R
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Sahraei H, Ghoshooni H, Hossein Sal
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Distinguishing Characteristics of C
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- Stomach disorders Plant Part Used
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In ethnobotanical studies conducted
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Clinical Data: Chenopodium ambrosio
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Kishore NJ, Chansouria JP, Dubey NK
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Apio (Apium graveolens) is a bienni
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For the species Cucurbita pepo: Cal
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that more investigation is needed t
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Germosén-Robineau L, ed. 1995. Hac
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Fruits are 7-12 mm long, narrowly o
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Hallfrisch J, Scholfield DJ, Behall
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avoid bruising and exposure to mois
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- Limpiar la sangre - Menopausal ho
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Hiller K. 1987. as cited in Germos
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SAFETY & PRECAUTIONS As a widely co
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- Bronchitis - Common cold - Cough
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Goda Y, Hoshino K, Akiyama H, Ishik
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25 g of butter) administered orally
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Germosén-Robineau L, ed. 2005. Far
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Availability: In New York City, the
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Liogier AH. 1985. La Flora de la Es
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enzoic acid, p-hydroxycinnamic acid
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Supratman U, Fujita T, Akiyama K, H
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orally; this recommendation is base
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Perez C, Anesini C. 1994. as cited
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Contraindications: Unknown; insuffi
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Gleason H and Cronquist A. 1991. Ma
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Traditional Uses: Café seeds are t
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Co
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SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE In laboratory
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Cañafístula OTHER COMMON NAMES Go
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Clinical Data: Cinnamomum verum Act
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In ethnobotanical studies conducted
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Antinociceptive & antiinflammatory
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Signs of intoxication from ingestin
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Coriander (English). SCIENTIFIC NAM
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Blumenthal M, Busse WR, Goldberg A,
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the following nutrients: calcium, c
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Traditional Preparation: To prepare
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Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C
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Clinical Data: Vaccinium macrocarpo
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Grant P. 2004. Warfarin and cranber
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The wood of is also good for cleans
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REFERENCES Balick MJ, Kronenberg F,
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leaf-edges. Flowers grow singly and
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Dans AM, Villarruz MV, Jimeno CA, J
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facilities, some respondents report
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Eucalipto OTHER COMMON NAMES Eucaly
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Eu
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Distribution: This plant is native
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Caceres A, Cano O, Samayoa B, Aguil
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In one human clinical trial conduct
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nervios), a sedative tea is prepare
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Rolland et al. 1988. as cited in Ge
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- Vaginal infections Plant Part Use
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and can be taken as a remedy for la
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- Skin disorders - Upper or lower r
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Hierba Mora OTHER COMMON NAMES Yerb
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Clinical Data: Solanum americanum A
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Sultana S, Perwaiz S, Iqbal M, Atha
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calcium channel blockers and antihy
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Hawthorn M, Ferrante J, Lchowski E,
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Plant Part Used: Seeds and the oil
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Okwuasaba FK, Osunkwo UA, Ekwenchi
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Traditional Uses: Hinojo is associa
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Blumenthal M, Busse WR, Goldberg A,
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BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION Jagua (Genipa
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- Childbirth - labor pain - Fever -
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Clinical Data: Zingiber officinale
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Page 311 and 312: Activity/Effect Preparation Design
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Page 349 and 350: Plant Part Used: Leaves. Traditiona
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Page 361: ± 1.46 g/kg when administered intr
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Page 371 and 372: BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION Naranja agria
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Yildirim A, Mavi A, Oktay M, Kara A
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Effect Not Demonstrated Activity/Ef
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to tomillo have been reported; howe
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Mikus J, Harkenthal M, Steverding D
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SAFETY & PRECAUTIONS The fruit and
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Ci
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Grenier J, Fradette C, Morelli G, M
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- Leukemia - Menstrual disorders -
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Clinical Data: Uncaria tomentosa Ac
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Carvalho MV, Penido C, Siani AC, Va
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Sandoval-Chacon M, Thompson JH, Zha
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SAFETY & PRECAUTIONS TRAMIL describ
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- Liver disorders - Menopausal hot
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Kumarasamy Y, Cox PJ, Jaspars M, Na
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mL milliliter(s) mm millimeter(s) m
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Divided: Cut into distinct parts, a
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such as ferns and cycads Stamen: Th
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