Dominican Medicinal Plants: A Guide for Health Care Providers

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In preclinical studies, the fruits have shown the following effects: antioxidant, hypolipidemic and anticolitis (see “Laboratory and Preclinical Data” table below). Laboratory studies reported in secondary references have demonstrated the following effects of the essential oil: antibacterial, antifungal, carminative, spasmolytic and stimulation of gastric secretions (Gruenwald et al. 2004). Biologically active compounds identified in the fruit include: 1,8-cineole, acetic acid, alphaphellandrene, alpha-pinene, alpha-terpinene, alpha-terpineol, angelicin, apigenin, beta-phellandrene, betapinene, borneol, bornyl-acetate, caffeic acid, camphene, camphor, carvone, caryophyllene, cis-ocimene, citronellol, elemol, gamma-terpinene, geranial, geraniol, geranyl-acetate, homoeriodictyol, isoquercitrin, limonene, linalool, myrcene, myristicin, nerol, nerolidol, p-cymene, p-hydrobenzoic acid, petrocatechuic acid, psoralen, quercetin, rhamnetin, rutin, sabinene, scopoletin, terpinen-4-ol, terpinolene, triacontanol, umbelliferone and vanillic acid; and in the plant: chlorogenic acid, cinnamic acid, cis-p-coumaric acid; and in the leaves: decanal, dodecanal, oxalic acid and toluene (Duke & Beckstrom-Sternberg 1998). The leaves are a source of iron, magnesium and manganese (U.S. Dept. of Agriculture 2006) and are rich in calcium, potassium and vitamin C (Brinker 1998). Indications and Usage: Cilantro has been approved by the German Commission E for the following health conditions: dyspeptic disorders and loss of appetite (Blumenthal et al. 1998). The crushed and powdered dried fruit can be taken internally and prepared as an infusion (2 teaspoons crushed fruits combined with 150 mL boiling water, strained after 15 minutes) or tincture (1:2 by weight percolated in 45% alcohol). Average daily dosages are as follows: dried fruits (crushed/powdered) - 3.0 g (1.0 g single dose taken 3 × daily); infusion – 1 fresh cup (3 × daily between meals); and tincture (10-20 drops after meals; Gruenwald et al. 2004). Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Coriandrum sativum Activity/Effect Preparation Design & Model Results Reference Antioxidant Seeds, aqueous extract Hypolipidemic Anticolitis REFERENCES Seeds; dose: 1 g/kg body weight Aqueous extract of multi-herb formula containing seeds of cilantro In vitro: compared with ascorbic acid & other umbelliferous seeds In vivo: rats with titron-induced hyperlipidemia In vivo: mice w/acetic acid-induced colitis & rats w/indomethacininduced enterocolitis For 50% activity: scavenging of superoxide radicals = 370 micro/g; lipid peroxide inhibition = 4500 micro/g; hydroxyl radical inhibition = 1250 micro/g Active; reduced cholesterol & triglyceride levels; results comparable to Liponil (commercial herbal hypolipidemic drug) Active; significant inhibition of inflammatory activity; results comparable to standard drug prednisolone Satyanarayana et al. 2004 Lal et al. 2004 Jagtap et al. 2004 Akker TW van den, Roesyanto-Mahadi ID, Toorenenbergen AW van, Joost T van. 1990. as cited in Gruenwald et al. (2004). Contact allergy to spies. Contact Dermatitis 22:267-272. Bailey Hortorium Staff. 1976. Hortus Third: A Concise Dictionary of Plants Cultivated in the United States and Canada. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1290 pp. 224
Blumenthal M, Busse WR, Goldberg A, Gruenwald J, Hall T, Riggins CW, Rister RS, eds. 1998. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Austin: American Botanical Council and Boston: Integrative Medicine Communications, 685 pp. Brinker F. 1998. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions, 2 nd Ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medica Publications. 263 pp. Duke JA, Beckstrom-Sternberg SM. 1998. Dr. Duke’s Phytochemical Database, USDA – ARS – NGRL (eds.), Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland. http://www.ars-grin.gov/duke/ (accessed July 10, 2007). Jagtap AG, Shirke SS, Phadke AS. 2004. Effect of polyherbal formulation on experimental models of inflammatory bowel diseases. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 90(2-3):195-204. Lal AA, Kumar T, Murthy PB, Pillai KS. 2004. Hypolipidemic effect of Coriandrum sativum L. in triton-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 42(9):909-912. Satyanarayana S, Sushruta K, Sarma GS, Srinivas N, Subba Raju GV. 2004. Antioxidant activity of the aqueous extracts of spicy food additives – evaluation and comparison with ascorbic acid in in-vitro systems. Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy 4(2):1-10. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C, eds. 2004. Physicians’ Desk Reference for Herbal Medicines, Third Edition. Montvale, NJ: Thomson Healthcare, Inc. 988 pp. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 2006. USDA Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 19. Nutrient Data Laboratory Home Page, http://www.ars.usda.gov/nutrientdata. Yukes JE, Balick MJ, Kronenberg F, Reiff M, Johnson K. 2002-2003. Urban Ethnobotany Project, Phase III - Dominican herbal remedies for women's health. Unpublished field notes. Manuscript on file, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. Coco OTHER COMMON NAMES Coconut (English). SCIENTIFIC NAME Cocos nucifera L. [Arecaceae (Palm Family)]. DOMINICAN MEDICINAL USES In ethnobotanical studies conducted in New York City, Dominican interview participants reported using or knowing about the use of this edible food plant as a remedy for the following health conditions (Yukes et al. 2002-2003): - Asthma - Bronchitis - Cough - Intestinal parasites - Kidney disorders - Kidney stones - Pulmonary infections 225
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DOMINICAN MEDICINAL PLANTS: A GUIDE
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Este libro está dedicado a la comu
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Gilda Pérez. We thank the Rosentha
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PART 1 INTRODUCTION AND HOW TO USE
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York Poison Control Center. Support
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controlled clinical trials is given
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Heading DOMINICAN MEDICINAL USES Pl
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comparing these specimens with herb
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PART 2: QUICK GUIDE TO HOME REMEDIE
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Warfarin: fruit may inhibit anticoa
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Clinical Data No human clinical tri
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analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antim
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Safety The fruit is generally consi
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for allergic reaction in gluten-sen
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Fruit. Dominican Medicinal Uses The
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oxide formation, serine proteinase
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Caffeine has been investigated in h
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Entire plant shown to be hepatotoxi
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Warfarin (risk of bleeding). Clinic
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Flecha An aromatic, alcohol-based l
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Plant Part Used Leaf. Dominican Med
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disease, hypertension, menopausal h
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Leaf: decoction, orally, for pain,
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oil, topically, for sinus infection
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* See entry for Roble in “Part 3:
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Aqueous root extract given at moder
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See Hierba mora. Zanahoria* Carrot
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Aguacate OTHER COMMON NAMES Hojas d
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infections and cough (based on sign
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Activity/Effect Preparation Design
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Craigmill AL, Seawright AA, Mattila
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Availability: As a popular culinary
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Clinical Data: Capsicum spp. Activi
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Cruz L, Castaneda-Hernandez G, Nava
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- Upper or lower respiratory tract
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Roberge RJ, Leckey R, Spence R, Kre
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estrogenic effect in the human body
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Se
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Effect Not Demonstrated Activity/Ef
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Yukes JE, Balick MJ, Kronenberg F,
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Oc
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Duke JA, Beckstrom-Sternberg SM. 19
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For treating sinusitis and headache
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Ci
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Traditional Preparation: The leaves
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Poso H, Wichmann K, Janne J, Luukka
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scavenging and wound healing (see
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REFERENCES Aires V, Adote S, Hicham
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mixtures and decocted or tinctured
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Am
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Mirone C, Albert F, Tosi A, Mocchet
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Drug Interactions: The effects of s
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Activity/Effect Preparation Study d
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Lewith GT, Godfrey AD, Prescott P.
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Contraindications: Internal use is
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Lores RI, Pujol MC. 1990. as cited
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Adverse effects in infants have bee
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Activity Preparation Study design R
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Sahraei H, Ghoshooni H, Hossein Sal
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Distinguishing Characteristics of C
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- Stomach disorders Plant Part Used
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In ethnobotanical studies conducted
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Clinical Data: Chenopodium ambrosio
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Kishore NJ, Chansouria JP, Dubey NK
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Apio (Apium graveolens) is a bienni
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For the species Cucurbita pepo: Cal
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that more investigation is needed t
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Germosén-Robineau L, ed. 1995. Hac
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Fruits are 7-12 mm long, narrowly o
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Hallfrisch J, Scholfield DJ, Behall
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avoid bruising and exposure to mois
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- Limpiar la sangre - Menopausal ho
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Hiller K. 1987. as cited in Germos
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SAFETY & PRECAUTIONS As a widely co
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- Bronchitis - Common cold - Cough
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Page 173 and 174: Goda Y, Hoshino K, Akiyama H, Ishik
Page 175 and 176: 25 g of butter) administered orally
Page 177 and 178: Activity/Effect Preparation Design
Page 179 and 180: Germosén-Robineau L, ed. 2005. Far
Page 181 and 182: Availability: In New York City, the
Page 183 and 184: Liogier AH. 1985. La Flora de la Es
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Page 187 and 188: Supratman U, Fujita T, Akiyama K, H
Page 189 and 190: orally; this recommendation is base
Page 191 and 192: Perez C, Anesini C. 1994. as cited
Page 193 and 194: Contraindications: Unknown; insuffi
Page 195 and 196: Gleason H and Cronquist A. 1991. Ma
Page 197 and 198: Traditional Uses: Café seeds are t
Page 199 and 200: Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Co
Page 201 and 202: SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE In laboratory
Page 205 and 206: Cañafístula OTHER COMMON NAMES Go
Page 209 and 210: Yukes JE, Balick MJ, Kronenberg F,
Page 211 and 212: Clinical Data: Cinnamomum verum Act
Page 213 and 214: In ethnobotanical studies conducted
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Page 217 and 218: Signs of intoxication from ingestin
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Page 223: Coriander (English). SCIENTIFIC NAM
Page 227 and 228: the following nutrients: calcium, c
Page 229 and 230: Traditional Preparation: To prepare
Page 235 and 236: Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C
Page 237 and 238: Clinical Data: Vaccinium macrocarpo
Page 241 and 242: Grant P. 2004. Warfarin and cranber
Page 243 and 244: The wood of is also good for cleans
Page 245 and 246: REFERENCES Balick MJ, Kronenberg F,
Page 247 and 248: leaf-edges. Flowers grow singly and
Page 249 and 250: Dans AM, Villarruz MV, Jimeno CA, J
Page 251 and 252: facilities, some respondents report
Page 255 and 256: Eucalipto OTHER COMMON NAMES Eucaly
Page 257 and 258: Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Eu
Page 259 and 260: Distribution: This plant is native
Page 261 and 262: Caceres A, Cano O, Samayoa B, Aguil
Page 263 and 264: In one human clinical trial conduct
Page 267 and 268: nervios), a sedative tea is prepare
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- Vaginal infections Plant Part Use
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and can be taken as a remedy for la
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- Skin disorders - Upper or lower r
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Hierba Mora OTHER COMMON NAMES Yerb
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Clinical Data: Solanum americanum A
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Sultana S, Perwaiz S, Iqbal M, Atha
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calcium channel blockers and antihy
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Hawthorn M, Ferrante J, Lchowski E,
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Plant Part Used: Seeds and the oil
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Okwuasaba FK, Osunkwo UA, Ekwenchi
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Traditional Uses: Hinojo is associa
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Blumenthal M, Busse WR, Goldberg A,
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BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION Jagua (Genipa
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- Childbirth - labor pain - Fever -
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Clinical Data: Zingiber officinale
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Bhandari U, Shamsher AA, Pillai KK,
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Kar A, Choudhary BK, Bandyopadhyay
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Sugaya A, Tsuda T, Sugaya E, Usami
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along the sides of branches with wh
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the unripe fruit administered intra
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U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agr
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present in the citrus fruit rind. S
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Murcia MA, Jiménez AM, Martínez-T
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greater than the estimated correspo
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Duke JA, Beckstrom-Sternberg SM. 19
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Plant Part Used: Leaves. Traditiona
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SCIENTIFIC NAME Agave spp.; most co
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- Abortifacient - Contraception - I
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Balick MJ, Kronenberg F, Ososki AL,
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± 1.46 g/kg when administered intr
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Traditional Uses: Manzana is consid
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Ch
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BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION Naranja agria
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REFERENCES Allison DB, Cutter G, Po
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or blockage of the digestive tract,
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Orégano Poleo OTHER COMMON NAMES O
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- Inflammation - Limpiar el sistema
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SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE Medline liter
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and as a source of sugar whereas th
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Boettger-Tong H, Shipley G, Hsu CJ,
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Distribution: Originally native to
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Dominican Republic, a decoction of
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- Uterine fibroids - Wounds Plant P
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Al
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Lee KH, Kim JH, Lim DS, Kim CH. 200
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active compounds include pyridine a
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- Nightsweats - Prostate disorders
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DOMINICAN MEDICINAL USES In ethnobo
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Yildirim A, Mavi A, Oktay M, Kara A
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Effect Not Demonstrated Activity/Ef
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to tomillo have been reported; howe
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Mikus J, Harkenthal M, Steverding D
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SAFETY & PRECAUTIONS The fruit and
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Ci
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Grenier J, Fradette C, Morelli G, M
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- Leukemia - Menstrual disorders -
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Clinical Data: Uncaria tomentosa Ac
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Carvalho MV, Penido C, Siani AC, Va
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Sandoval-Chacon M, Thompson JH, Zha
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SAFETY & PRECAUTIONS TRAMIL describ
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- Liver disorders - Menopausal hot
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Kumarasamy Y, Cox PJ, Jaspars M, Na
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mL milliliter(s) mm millimeter(s) m
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Divided: Cut into distinct parts, a
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such as ferns and cycads Stamen: Th
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Dominican Medicinal Plants: A Guide for Health Care Providers

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