Dominican Medicinal Plants: A Guide for Health Care Providers

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Distribution: These plants grow in acid bogs and swamps and are native to North America, from Newfoundland to Minnesota (Bailey Hortorium Staff 1976). SAFETY & PRECAUTIONS As a widely consumed fruit juice, cranberry is generally considered safe. In a study with five volunteers, ingestion of cranberry tablets resulted in increased urinary oxalate levels which hypothetically indicate potential risk for nephrolithiasis (Terris et al. 2001). Contraindications: None reported in the literature. Drug Interactions: Warfarin - In one case report, a patient with a prosthetic mitral valve exhibited persistently elevated INR (International Normalized Ratio, a measure of blood coagulation based on laboratory tests) and subsequent symptoms of postoperative bleeding problems possibly due to an interaction between warfarin and cranberry juice; consequently, patients taking warfarin are advised to limit their consumption of cranberry juice (Grant 2004, Suvarna et al. 2003). SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE In clinical trials, cranberry extracts have demonstrated the following effects: adherence inhibition (of bacteria to host cells), antiatherosclerotic, antihyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, renoprotective, antiurolithiasis, urinary tract infection prevention and urolithiatic (see “Clinical Data” table below). In laboratory and preclinical studies, this plant has shown the following effects: antibacterial, antifungal, antiproliferative, antioxidant, antitumor and antiviral (see “Laboratory and Preclinical Data” table below). The mechanism of cranberry’s pharmacological effect is basically known: it reduces urinary pH most likely because it provides an acid load, and research suggests that it decreases urinary uric acid by retarding urate synthesis (Gettman et al. 2005). In a review article, it was concluded that the therapeutic effects of cranberry are primarily due to the antioxidant activity of constituent phenolic phytochemicals. In addition, use of the whole plant as opposed to its isolated phenolic phytochemicals was shown to be more therapeutic. The authors suggest enriching cranberry products with functional phytochemicals (Vattem et al. 2005). Biologically active compounds that have been identified in the fruit include the following: alphaterpineol, anisaldehyde, anthocyanosides, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, catechins, chlorogenic acid, eugenol, lutein, malic acid, oxalic acid, quercetin and quinic acid (Duke & Beckstrom-Sternberg 1998). The fruits are a source of manganese and vitamins C and K (U.S. Dept. of Agriculture 2006). Indications and Usage: According to The 5-Minute Herb & Dietary Supplement Consult: “Cranberry products are harmless and have antibacterial and antiadherence qualities that may be useful in preventing bacteriuria and urinary tract infections” (Fugh-Berman 2003). Although insufficient information is available in the literature to make a general clinical recommendation, most commercial preparations and extracts list their own dosage recommendations. 236
Clinical Data: Vaccinium macrocarpon Activity/Effect Preparation Design & Model Results Reference Adherence Howell et al. 2005 inhibition Antiinflammatory Antioxidant, antiatherosclerotic & antihyperlipidemic Antiurolithiasis Urinary tract infection (UTI) prevention A-linked proanthocyanidins from cranberry juice cocktail vs. B-linked proanthocyanidins from commercial grape & apple juices, green tea & dark chocolate Cranberry juice (250 mL three times daily for 2 wks) Flavonoid-rich cranberry juice supplements; 7 mL/kg body weight of cranberry juice daily, administered orally Cranberry juice (330 mL) 3 × daily; consumed in place of mineral water in a standardized diet Cranberry juice (300 mL ingested daily) In vitro & human clinical trial; test urine for antiadhesion activity after consuming single servings of food product Placebo-controlled clinical trial; two groups of healthy female subjects (11 per group) Clinical study; 21 men, 14-day intervention Controlled, clinical trial: 12 healthy male subjects aged 18-38 yrs Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial; 376 older patients in hospital Cranberry exhibited in vitro adherence inhibition (of bacteria to host cell) at 60 µg/mL & in human urine following ingestion; recommended for maintaining urinary tract health Significant increase in salicyluric & salicylic acids in urine and plasma; anti-inflammatory effect attributed to increased absorption of salicylic acid Significant increase in plasma antioxidant capacity & reduction in circulating oxidized LDL concentrations, supporting the potential use of cranberry in preventing heart disease Decreased urinary pH, increased excretion of oxalic acid & relative supersaturation for uric acid; recommended for treatment of UTIs & brushite & struvite stones because of its acidifying effect on the urine No significant difference in incidence of UTIs in the placebo vs. treatment group; however, there were significantly fewer infections with Escherichia coli in the cranberry group Duthie et al. 2005 Ruel et al. 2005 Kessler et al. 2002 McMurdo et al. 2005 237
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DOMINICAN MEDICINAL PLANTS: A GUIDE
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Este libro está dedicado a la comu
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Gilda Pérez. We thank the Rosentha
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PART 1 INTRODUCTION AND HOW TO USE
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York Poison Control Center. Support
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controlled clinical trials is given
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Heading DOMINICAN MEDICINAL USES Pl
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comparing these specimens with herb
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PART 2: QUICK GUIDE TO HOME REMEDIE
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Warfarin: fruit may inhibit anticoa
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Clinical Data No human clinical tri
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analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antim
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Safety The fruit is generally consi
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for allergic reaction in gluten-sen
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Fruit. Dominican Medicinal Uses The
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oxide formation, serine proteinase
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Caffeine has been investigated in h
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Entire plant shown to be hepatotoxi
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Warfarin (risk of bleeding). Clinic
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Flecha An aromatic, alcohol-based l
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Plant Part Used Leaf. Dominican Med
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disease, hypertension, menopausal h
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Leaf: decoction, orally, for pain,
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oil, topically, for sinus infection
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* See entry for Roble in “Part 3:
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Aqueous root extract given at moder
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See Hierba mora. Zanahoria* Carrot
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Aguacate OTHER COMMON NAMES Hojas d
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infections and cough (based on sign
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Activity/Effect Preparation Design
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Craigmill AL, Seawright AA, Mattila
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Availability: As a popular culinary
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Clinical Data: Capsicum spp. Activi
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Cruz L, Castaneda-Hernandez G, Nava
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- Upper or lower respiratory tract
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Roberge RJ, Leckey R, Spence R, Kre
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estrogenic effect in the human body
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Se
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Effect Not Demonstrated Activity/Ef
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Yukes JE, Balick MJ, Kronenberg F,
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Oc
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Duke JA, Beckstrom-Sternberg SM. 19
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For treating sinusitis and headache
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Ci
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Traditional Preparation: The leaves
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Poso H, Wichmann K, Janne J, Luukka
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scavenging and wound healing (see
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REFERENCES Aires V, Adote S, Hicham
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mixtures and decocted or tinctured
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Am
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Mirone C, Albert F, Tosi A, Mocchet
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Drug Interactions: The effects of s
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Activity/Effect Preparation Study d
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Lewith GT, Godfrey AD, Prescott P.
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Contraindications: Internal use is
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Lores RI, Pujol MC. 1990. as cited
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Adverse effects in infants have bee
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Activity Preparation Study design R
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Sahraei H, Ghoshooni H, Hossein Sal
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Distinguishing Characteristics of C
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- Stomach disorders Plant Part Used
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In ethnobotanical studies conducted
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Clinical Data: Chenopodium ambrosio
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Kishore NJ, Chansouria JP, Dubey NK
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Apio (Apium graveolens) is a bienni
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For the species Cucurbita pepo: Cal
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that more investigation is needed t
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Germosén-Robineau L, ed. 1995. Hac
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Fruits are 7-12 mm long, narrowly o
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Hallfrisch J, Scholfield DJ, Behall
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avoid bruising and exposure to mois
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- Limpiar la sangre - Menopausal ho
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Hiller K. 1987. as cited in Germos
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SAFETY & PRECAUTIONS As a widely co
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- Bronchitis - Common cold - Cough
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Goda Y, Hoshino K, Akiyama H, Ishik
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25 g of butter) administered orally
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Germosén-Robineau L, ed. 2005. Far
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Availability: In New York City, the
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Liogier AH. 1985. La Flora de la Es
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Page 187 and 188: Supratman U, Fujita T, Akiyama K, H
Page 189 and 190: orally; this recommendation is base
Page 191 and 192: Perez C, Anesini C. 1994. as cited
Page 193 and 194: Contraindications: Unknown; insuffi
Page 195 and 196: Gleason H and Cronquist A. 1991. Ma
Page 197 and 198: Traditional Uses: Café seeds are t
Page 199 and 200: Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Co
Page 201 and 202: SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE In laboratory
Page 203 and 204: Activity/Effect Preparation Design
Page 205 and 206: Cañafístula OTHER COMMON NAMES Go
Page 209 and 210: Yukes JE, Balick MJ, Kronenberg F,
Page 211 and 212: Clinical Data: Cinnamomum verum Act
Page 213 and 214: In ethnobotanical studies conducted
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Page 217 and 218: Signs of intoxication from ingestin
Page 219 and 220: Yukes JE, Balick MJ, Kronenberg F,
Page 223 and 224: Coriander (English). SCIENTIFIC NAM
Page 225 and 226: Blumenthal M, Busse WR, Goldberg A,
Page 227 and 228: the following nutrients: calcium, c
Page 229 and 230: Traditional Preparation: To prepare
Page 235: Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C
Page 241 and 242: Grant P. 2004. Warfarin and cranber
Page 243 and 244: The wood of is also good for cleans
Page 245 and 246: REFERENCES Balick MJ, Kronenberg F,
Page 247 and 248: leaf-edges. Flowers grow singly and
Page 249 and 250: Dans AM, Villarruz MV, Jimeno CA, J
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Page 255 and 256: Eucalipto OTHER COMMON NAMES Eucaly
Page 257 and 258: Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Eu
Page 259 and 260: Distribution: This plant is native
Page 261 and 262: Caceres A, Cano O, Samayoa B, Aguil
Page 263 and 264: In one human clinical trial conduct
Page 267 and 268: nervios), a sedative tea is prepare
Page 271 and 272: Rolland et al. 1988. as cited in Ge
Page 275 and 276: - Vaginal infections Plant Part Use
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Page 281 and 282: Hierba Mora OTHER COMMON NAMES Yerb
Page 283 and 284: Clinical Data: Solanum americanum A
Page 285 and 286: Sultana S, Perwaiz S, Iqbal M, Atha
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calcium channel blockers and antihy
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Hawthorn M, Ferrante J, Lchowski E,
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Plant Part Used: Seeds and the oil
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Okwuasaba FK, Osunkwo UA, Ekwenchi
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Traditional Uses: Hinojo is associa
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Blumenthal M, Busse WR, Goldberg A,
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BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION Jagua (Genipa
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- Childbirth - labor pain - Fever -
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Clinical Data: Zingiber officinale
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Bhandari U, Shamsher AA, Pillai KK,
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Kar A, Choudhary BK, Bandyopadhyay
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Sugaya A, Tsuda T, Sugaya E, Usami
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along the sides of branches with wh
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the unripe fruit administered intra
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U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agr
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present in the citrus fruit rind. S
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Murcia MA, Jiménez AM, Martínez-T
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greater than the estimated correspo
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Duke JA, Beckstrom-Sternberg SM. 19
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Plant Part Used: Leaves. Traditiona
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SCIENTIFIC NAME Agave spp.; most co
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- Abortifacient - Contraception - I
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Balick MJ, Kronenberg F, Ososki AL,
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± 1.46 g/kg when administered intr
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Traditional Uses: Manzana is consid
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Ch
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BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION Naranja agria
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REFERENCES Allison DB, Cutter G, Po
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or blockage of the digestive tract,
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Orégano Poleo OTHER COMMON NAMES O
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- Inflammation - Limpiar el sistema
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SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE Medline liter
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and as a source of sugar whereas th
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Boettger-Tong H, Shipley G, Hsu CJ,
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Distribution: Originally native to
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Dominican Republic, a decoction of
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- Uterine fibroids - Wounds Plant P
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Al
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Lee KH, Kim JH, Lim DS, Kim CH. 200
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active compounds include pyridine a
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- Nightsweats - Prostate disorders
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DOMINICAN MEDICINAL USES In ethnobo
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Yildirim A, Mavi A, Oktay M, Kara A
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Effect Not Demonstrated Activity/Ef
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to tomillo have been reported; howe
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Mikus J, Harkenthal M, Steverding D
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SAFETY & PRECAUTIONS The fruit and
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Laboratory and Preclinical Data: Ci
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Grenier J, Fradette C, Morelli G, M
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- Leukemia - Menstrual disorders -
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Clinical Data: Uncaria tomentosa Ac
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Carvalho MV, Penido C, Siani AC, Va
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Sandoval-Chacon M, Thompson JH, Zha
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SAFETY & PRECAUTIONS TRAMIL describ
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- Liver disorders - Menopausal hot
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Kumarasamy Y, Cox PJ, Jaspars M, Na
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mL milliliter(s) mm millimeter(s) m
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Divided: Cut into distinct parts, a
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such as ferns and cycads Stamen: Th
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