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358 Maryam Nooritajer, Faezeh Nouroozinjad, Ezatjafarchla, Fatemeh and Hosseini Hurmon (2002) studied, show no one of individual variables didn’t relative with participation of decision making. At the lever (2001) studied show that the sex related at the participated. Also at this study show that women are more successful at the decision making than the men. for the received the treating aim determine the correlative of participation of decision making of head nurses according individual variables it wasn’t significant the most correlation, (r=0.861, p=
European Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450-216X Vol.14 No.3 (2006), pp. 359-371 © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2006 http://www.eurojournals.com/ejsr.htm Aetiology and Epidemiology of Sever Infantile Diarrhoea in Baghdad, Iraq E. N. Al-Kaissi Elham nafi Al-kaissi: Dept of Pharmaceutics College of pharmacy, University of Petra P.O.Box: 961343 Amman 1196 Jordan E-mail: kaielham@hotmail.com Tel. (9626)5715546 – 5715549; Fax: (9626)5715570 M. Makki Mahdi Makki: Pediatric Hospital Medical City Hospital Baghdad, Iraq M. Al- Khoja Maysoon Al-Khoja: Teaching Laboratories, Microbiology Lab Medical City Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq Abstract The epidemiology and aetiology of acute diarrhoeal dehydration in a group of 200 infants less than two years of age in Baghdad / Iraq were studied. Infants at the age of 7 to 12 months were found to be at grater risk of acquiring diarrhoea. Stool specimens were analyzed using, microscopy, routine bacteriological analysis including culture for enteropathogens, enterotoxin bioassay, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for rotavirus detection. Rotavirus was the most frequent enteric pathogen isolated (29.5%) followed by Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) then Campylobacter. Rotavirus and other enteric pathogens infections were more prevalent during summer. In about 47.5% of the cases, antimicrobial agent was used prior to admission to hospital. A symptomatic carriage of Salmonella, Campylobacter, EPEC, Giardia, Entameba were detected in less than 5% of cases. Oral rehydration therapy proved to be simple, safe and effective for acute diarrhoeal dehydration if prepared correctly Key words: Aetiology, diarrhea, dehydration, Gastroenteritis, enteric pathogens, Rotavirus Introduction Diarrhoeal diseases are a major cause of morbidity in infants and young children in developed countries and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in underdeveloped countries [1]. In a family study of some 25,000 illnesses in the United States, infectious gastroenteritis was the second most common disease and accounted for 16 percent of all illnesses [2]. The impact of diarrhoeal illnesses on infants and young children in developing countries is staggering. An estimate of the number of diarrhoeal episodes in children younger than 5 years of age in Asia, Africa, and Latin America for a 1year period indicated that more than 450 million cases of diarrhea occurred and that 1 to 4 percent were
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