Physics for Geologists, Second edition

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12 Fluids and fluid flow Introduction 11 1 Capillarity 1 12 Fluid statics 11 6 Reynolds numbers 11 9 Hydraulic radius 11 9 Solids settling in static fluid 120 Solids in flowing fluid 122 Bernoulli's theorem 123 Fluid flow in rocks 125 Important groundwater definitions 128 13 Some dangers of mathematical statistics How many significant figures? 130 Linear regression 131 Appendix Notes References Further reading Copyright 2002 by Richard E. Chapman Contents ix 11 1
Figures Copyright 2002 by Richard E. Chapman Waves are additive The sum of the forces acting on a static body must be zero A triangle of forces Torque is the product of mass and the distance from the axis of rotation Density current Diagrammatic section of a stable and an unstable sequence Wall-sticking in horizontal section through the borehole Tide-generating forces or accelerations on the surface of the Earth due to the attraction of the Moon The tractive, tide-generating forces due to the attraction of the Moon Sea-surface topography of the Indian and Pacific oceans Sea-surface topography between Madagascar and Mauritius Idealized cross-section across a river valley showing the paths of ground-water flow from the hill to the river Profile of the water table to a producing bore The 1970 potentiometric map of Australia's Great Artesian Basin The siphon at rest The siphon at work The angle of reflection, R, is equal to the angle of incidence, i Refraction Huygen's geometric construction of the refraction path, in section Polarizer (P) and analyser (A) crossed, and inclined Diffraction of monochromatic light through a grating Diffraction of polychromatic light through a grating (diagrammatic) Geometrical optics of light paths scattered by a raindrop
Page 1 and 2: Physics for Geologists Second editi
Page 3 and 4: Copyright 2002 by Richard E. Chapma
Page 5: ... vlii Contents Polarization 47 L
Page 9 and 10: Tables Copyright 2002 by Richard E.
Page 11 and 12: xiv Preface waves diminishes with d
Page 13 and 14: xvi Preface provides. This book is
Page 15 and 16: xviii Acknowledgements to K. Whaler
Page 17 and 18: xx Symbols mass refractive index bu
Page 19 and 20: 2 Basic concepts Table 1.1 Dimensio
Page 21 and 22: 4 Basic concepts Table 1.2 Basic SI
Page 23 and 24: 6 Basic concepts pascal (Pa) and si
Page 25 and 26: 8 Basic concepts all the relevant d
Page 27 and 28: 10 Basic concepts relating them by
Page 29 and 30: 2 Force The dimensions of force are
Page 31 and 32: 14 Force The ratio of the Moon's ac
Page 33 and 34: 16 Force Figure 2.1 The sum of the
Page 35 and 36: 18 Force When a motorcycle takes a
Page 37 and 38: 20 Force Figure 2.3 Torque is the p
Page 39 and 40: 22 Force How does momentum differ f
Page 41 and 42: 24 Force the weights - that is, the
Page 43 and 44: 26 Force Figure 2.6 Wall-sticking i
Page 45 and 46: 3 Gravity Universal gravity When di
Page 47 and 48: 30 Gravity are significant to geolo
Page 49 and 50: 32 Gravity Figure 3.2 The tractive,
Page 51 and 52: 34 Gravity Mean sea level It might
Page 53 and 54: 36 Gravity The benefits of space fl
Page 55 and 56: 38 Gravity Figure 3.6 Profile of th
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40 Gravity Figure 3.8 The siphon at
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4 Optics Light is an electromagneti
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44 Optics Figure 4.2 Refraction. (a
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46 Optics The coeficient of reflect
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48 Optics only the light oscillatin
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50 Optics called Iceland Spar. Two
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52 Optics Diffraction If you shine
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54 Optics Figure 4.7 Geometrical op
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56 Optics Figure 4.9 The mirrors in
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5 Atomic structure and age-dating P
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60 Atomic structure and age-dating
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66 Electromagnetic radiation radiat
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68 Electromagnetic radiation Source
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Heat and heat flow The noun heat ha
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72 Heat and heat flow Second Law: A
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8 Electricity and magnetism Electri
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Electricity and magnetism 77 Figure
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Electricity and magnetism 79 rivett
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Electricity and magnetism 8 1 defin
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Electricity and magnetism 83 is kno
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9 Stress and strain Pressure, p, is
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Stress and strain 87 than some natu
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These three elastic constants are r
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Stress and strain 91 Figure 9.1 New
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Stress and strain 93 Figure 9.2 Com
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Stress and strain 95 Figure 9.3 Ide
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Fracture Stress and strain 97 We fo
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Stress and strain 99 from which we
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10 Sea waves The nature of water wa
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Sea waves 103 Figure 10.1 Wave moti
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Sea waves 105 refraction by islands
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Acoustics: sound and other waves 10
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Acoustics: sound and other waves 10
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12 Fluids and fluid flow Introducti
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Fluids and fluid flow 1 13 Figure 1
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Fluids and fluid flow 115 Figure 22
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Fluids and fluid flow 117 and the f
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water above a vertical thickness h
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Fluids and fluid flow 121 where V i
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Fluids and fluid flow 123 ardentes,
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Fluids and fluid flow 125 Figure 12
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- 14 $ 12 E 10 K .- 3 8 r cll + 6 0
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Fluids and fluid flow 129 the liqui
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Some dangers of mathematical statis
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Appendix 139 What would happen if y
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Notes 141 and since x is very large
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References Allum, J. A. E. (1966) P
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References 145 -(1950) 'Mechanism o
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Further reading 147 Trigg, G. L. an
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Physics for Geologists, Second edition

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