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{ public: public: // Square state, similar to TShip::TShipType enum TSquareState { EUnknown, ESea, EBattleship, ECruiser, EDestroyer, EFrigate, EHit=0x80 }; // Setup TFleet(); void SetupBlank(); void SetupRandom(); void SetMyFleet(); void SetOppFleet(); // Interrogators TBool IsMyFleet() const; TBool IsOppFleet() const; TBool IsShip(TInt aX, TInt aY) const; TShip::TShipType ShipType(TInt aX, TInt aY) const; TBool IsSea(TInt aX, TInt aY) const; TBool IsKnown(TInt aX, TInt aY) const; TBool IsHit(TInt aX, TInt aY) const; // Complicated interrogators TShip& ShipAt(TInt aX, TInt aY) const; // Use for my fleet only TShip* PossibleShipAt(TInt aX, TInt aY) const; // Use even if fleet unknown TInt RemainingSquares() const; // Fleet squares that haven't been destroyed TInt RemainingShips() const; // Ships that haven't been totally destroyed TInt SquaresHit() const; // Squares hit (sea or otherwise) // Change void SetSea(TInt aX, TInt aY); // Say a square is sea void SetShipType(TInt aX, TInt aY, TShip::TShipType aShipType);
void SetHit(TInt aX, TInt aY); // Hit a square - must be known when it's hit void TestWholeShip(TInt aX, TInt aY); // Test whether hit has sunk a ship void SetSeaAroundHit(TInt aX, TInt aY); // Set sea around a hit square // Persistence void ExternalizeL(RWriteStream& aStream) const; void InternalizeL(RReadStream& aStream); private: // Setup TBool TryPlaceShip(TInt aShipIndex, TShip::TShipType aShipType); void PlaceShip(TInt aShipIndex, TShip aShip); // Square accessors const TSquareState& Square(TInt aX, TInt aY) const; TSquareState& Square(TInt aX, TInt aY); private: TSquareState iSquares[64]; TBool iMyFleet; // Whether my fleet (which I know all about) or opponent's (which I don't) TShip iShips[10]; // All the ships we know about TInt iKnownShips; // Number of ships known to be in fleet TInt iRemainingShips; // How many ships haven't been destroyed TInt iRemainingSquares; // How many squares haven't been destroyed TInt iSquaresHit; // How many squares (including sea) have been hit TInt64 iRandomSeed; // Seed for random-number generation during setup }; This is much more complex, and much more interesting. You can think of a fleet as either an 8 × 8 grid of squares, each of which has something on it or as a collection of ships, which happen to occupy squares. These two perspectives are both important for different purposes. I represent the squares perspective with iSquares and related counters and the ships perspective with iShips and related counters. We also noted above that the fleet supports different functions depending on whether it's a 'my fleet' or an 'opponent fleet' object. Let's have a closer look at the fleet class from these different perspectives.
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Table of Contents Symbian OS C++ fo
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Reprinted August 2003 All Rights Re
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� consultants, trainers, and auth
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Symbian OS C++ for Mobile Phones fo
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When you're ready to use the Symbia
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improvement. She has a reputation f
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John works in the partner projects
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If you've never seen Symbian OS bef
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within a particular application. In
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There are a number of other ways in
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programs - namely, to handle and re
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There is no need to trap the call t
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abld build winscw udeb The winscw p
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If you're curious, you might want t
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If your connectivity software does
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Chapter 2: System Structure Overvie
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Figure 2.2 Figure 2.3 Symbian OS OE
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Note Actually, for performance reas
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To be executed, an executable has t
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The kernel itself has two major com
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ROM handling is easy. The ROM consi
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You can control the stack size in a
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industry standard, slightly smaller
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A server also uses its own active o
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In order to minimize any difficulty
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� The top-level project name in t
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Title DLL Source Group Headers Desc
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Chapter 3: C++ and Object Orientati
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The fundamental rule is, use names
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Category Examples Description Const
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3.2.6 Summary Naming conventions ar
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Convenience functions are trivial w
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� When declaring a virtual functi
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used in preference to old style C c
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Java uses interfaces too: in Java,
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� Whether these are private or pu
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If the cardinality is not 1-to-1, t
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Figure 4.1 At the bottom is the GDI
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In addition to the four C++ classes
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In addition, as indicated by the SO
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Figure 4.3 SDK and then browse to t
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eturn KErrNone; } Important You mus
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private: // from CEikDocument CEikA
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ConstructL() performs second-phase
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hellogui's application view is a co
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The other things we haven't seen in
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form described above advertises the
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} RESOURCE TBUF r_hellogui_text_hel
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CQikAppUi::HandleWsEventL(const TWs
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4.9 Terminating the Application By
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debug stepping, variable watching,
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5.1 Strings and Memory To understan
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� HBufC* is a pointer to a heap-b
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strlen() doesn't include the traili
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The Des() function returns a TPtr c
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TBuf helloWorld(_L("hello")); greet
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TDes& parameters. Symbian OS itself
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5.4 More Text APIs Symbian OS uses
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encodings of Unicode that use seque
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Chapter 6: Error Handling and Clean
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Even user input errors can be handl
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Note It also demonstrates that the
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eak; So, the New 1 menu item alloca
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this line yourself, and then rerun
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case EMagicCmdNew2: delete iObject2
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If the new(ELeave) fails, then iObj
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If you're writing a function, and t
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} You can invoke these functions fr
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Any one of the calls to UseL() may
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case EMagicCmdUse4: { CY* y = new(E
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� Functions that can leave must o
Page 143 and 144: CZ::NewL() was actually coded waste
Page 145 and 146: TAny*. The cleanup code will deallo
Page 147 and 148: successfully). This means you have
Page 149 and 150: User::Leave(KErrNone). This appears
Page 151 and 152: systems outside my control, and res
Page 153 and 154: Chapter 7: Resource Files Overview
Page 155 and 156: Data Type Description BUF A Unicode
Page 157 and 158: } MENU_ITEM { command = EExampleCmd
Page 159 and 160: A single resource file supports 409
Page 161 and 162: Filename Description EeikCmdExit, a
Page 163 and 164: RESOURCE MENU_PANE r_hellogui_hello
Page 165 and 166: 0E [uncompressed data run length] 0
Page 167 and 168: Chapter 8: Basic APIs Overview We'v
Page 169 and 170: IMPORT_C void Write(TInt aPos, cons
Page 171 and 172: _LIT8(KTxt2," world"); buf->InsertL
Page 173 and 174: Dynamic buffers are also used to st
Page 175 and 176: Class name Description [*] CArrayFi
Page 177 and 178: In v7.0, the structure of ROM image
Page 179 and 180: } In a function such as FormatList(
Page 181 and 182: library. The next few pages should
Page 183 and 184: Using this technique, your program
Page 185 and 186: � The original program consisted
Page 187 and 188: pointer, and no method of directly
Page 189 and 190: Figure 9.1 It's a pretty Spartan di
Page 191 and 192: Note 9.2.3 The Controller As descri
Page 193: TInt iLength; // Length - determine
Page 197 and 198: The functions to do this are Functi
Page 199 and 200: User::After(1) is guaranteed to wai
Page 201 and 202: { public: // Construct/destruct/set
Page 203 and 204: This begins by creating a new windo
Page 205 and 206: ); aRect.iTl.iX+iBorderSize+i*iTile
Page 207 and 208: else gc.SetPenColor(KRgbYellow); gc
Page 209 and 210: control framework needs to know whe
Page 211 and 212: the board. It then uses these coord
Page 213 and 214: Calculate board size in twips, and
Page 215 and 216: iRightBorder.Move(offset); iBoardRe
Page 217 and 218: private: // Construct/restore void
Page 219 and 220: ViewCmdHitFleet() shows how the con
Page 221 and 222: There are no surprises in the comma
Page 223 and 224: }; MENU_ITEM {command=EEikCmdZoomIn
Page 225 and 226: The framework handles creating a fi
Page 227 and 228: void TShip::ExternalizeL(RWriteStre
Page 229 and 230: void CGameAppUi::HandleCommandL(TIn
Page 231 and 232: the target view. Because such messa
Page 233 and 234: TInt iCursorX; TInt iCursorY; TUid
Page 235 and 236: display area) and to handle a parti
Page 237 and 238: Create and load a bitmap iHideBitma
Page 239 and 240: This version formats the message ID
Page 241 and 242: Chapter 10: Dialogs and Concrete Co
Page 243 and 244: Figure 10.2 I got this by typing Ct
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Finally, note that buttons can't be
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for 'control'. I'll always use 'con
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CEikDialog* dialog = new(ELeave) CE
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Simply put, the dialog has a title,
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OK is handled by OkToExitL(). In fa
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Any of the checks or file operation
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}; id = EGameControlIdProtocol; con
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Listen"; } type = EEikCtChoiceList;
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TUid protocol = TUid::Uid(choicelis
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10.3.2 Adding Buttons If you want t
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Function Description virtual void S
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� specify initialization data for
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CEikBorderedControl CEikBorderedCon
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� eikon.rh and Qikon.rh contain t
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Class Header ID CEikGlobalTextEdito
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UIs provide many other standard dia
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Figure 11.1 As it happens, this scr
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gc.DrawText(*iHelloWorld, rect, bas
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The two points that define Trect ca
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The clipping region defines the reg
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virtual void DrawBitmap(const TRect
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Figure 11.5 From the diagram: � T
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In theory, then, you don't need to
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So far, we have suggested that you
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DrawBorders(); DrawTiles(); } but t
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It turns out that working out exact
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Now it's time to be precise about h
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Figure 11.10 It has a single window
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{ public: . . . static CExampleHell
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case 2: return EAmountOfControls; }
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finished. When the BeginRedraw()fun
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Default settings are assured here:
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First and foremost, a control is a
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class CCoeControl : public CBase {
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You can set a control's position an
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IMPORT_C virtual void Draw(const TR
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� If you select OK on a dialog -
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In this chapter, I've concentrated
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TKeyResponse COppFleetView::OfferKe
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TEventCode is the type of window se
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notification, and changing the curs
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From the preceding discussion, it s
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� if the Set interval button is s
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� The general-purpose control des
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private: ... MCoeControlObserver* i
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Special-purpose events should be ha
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Figure 12.4 Key events are offered
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A control should change its appeara
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12.4.3 Grabbing the Pointer-down Co
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ProcessPointerEventL() implements t
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In the last chapter, we concentrate
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making them lighter or darker. For
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Chapter 13: Files, Streams, and Sto
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Note Strictly, documents are not th
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Figure 13.2 The file server provide
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� changing directory and file att
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important in Symbian OS, so it's pr
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Figure 13.5: � Write file allows
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TryChangeFocusToL(EExampleControlId
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file.Close(); // Finished with user
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Update view iAppView->DrawNow(); }
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} // Finish CleanupStack::PopAndDes
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external stream and de-serialize wh
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RwriteStream Functions RReadStream
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You'll remember that I used this, w
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Technique Application descriptor wh
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Let's consider the file format of t
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� create, write, and close the ap
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Figure 13.10 The main document is a
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through the DBMS. For more on using
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Figure 13.13 There is a small class
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� Where an application's .ini fil
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The first step of the process is to
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END SOURCE 1 icon2mask.bmp SOURCE c
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id=EHelloGuiCmd0; flags=EEikToolBar
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Figure 14.4 abld build winscw udeb
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For the purpose of this book, we'll
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#include RESOURCE AIF_DATA { capti
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1 file(s) copied. When this has fin
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The way the Certificate Generator w
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The body of this file should be obv
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Don't expect the installed applicat
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� Every application should fill t
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� Use bold style for active text
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Overview This chapter discusses wri
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Class Description CExampleApplicati
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Class Description Figure 15.3 conta
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aDeviceRect.Center().iY - boxInPixe
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} fontSpec)); The key function here
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The second case will cause problems
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I'm careful to draw every pixel: I
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SetZoomOutL() works the other way r
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ealistic print code would take acco
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Figure 15.7 The base class for bitm
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lit them efficiently from a shared
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#define KRgbYellow TRgb(0x00ffff) #
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world colors mapped down onto black
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Figure 15.8 The GUI used in the Psi
Page 441 and 442:
In terms of applications, the appli
Page 443 and 444:
Overview So far in this book, we've
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Figure 16.2 The starting point for
Page 447 and 448:
if (iController->Engine().IsMyTurn(
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device, I will have to publish thes
Page 451 and 452:
� If your request didn't get thro
Page 453 and 454:
Communications is full of this kind
Page 455 and 456:
The game will connect and you can s
Page 457 and 458:
Figure 16.9 The controller contains
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iEngine->iOppFleet.SetShipType(aX,
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if(!iController->IsMyTurn()) iEikon
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Of course, the opponent's response
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wrong with it. And it may not alway
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fleet.SetHit(x,y); // update view i
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With this scheme, each chat message
Page 471 and 472:
For a minimum level of skill, the c
Page 473 and 474:
CONE maintains an outstanding reque
Page 475 and 476:
Figure 17.2 It is also worth mentio
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some function that will later gener
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So the scheduler handles precisely
Page 481 and 482:
CActive implements the Cancel() fun
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A RunL() function can stop the acti
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}; Figure 17.9 Member functions her
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Function Description Stop() Decreas
Page 489 and 490:
17.3.1 Maintaining an Outstanding R
Page 491 and 492:
Change visibility of app view text
Page 493 and 494:
static CMultiPartHello* NewL(CActiv
Page 495 and 496:
iTimer.After(iStatus, iDelay); SetA
Page 497 and 498:
I prefer to hide active objects fro
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In active objects, higher priority
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Figure 18.1 Some simple server tran
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A new session has a handle that is
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Figure 18.4 Before any subsessions
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Figure 18.5 When the buffer is full
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Related servers can be run in the s
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� Request the window server to dr
Page 513 and 514:
This is because, when a client thre
Page 515 and 516:
Figure 18.8 18.4.1 Thread Basics Th
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GetDesLength() return this as their
Page 519 and 520:
class RSessionBase : public RHandle
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RSubSessionBase - client-side sub-s
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Bootstrap code for a server should
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The CSharableSession class provides
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RMessage is not intended for deriva
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The GSDP server presented here has
Page 531 and 532:
IMPORT_C TInt GetGdpProtocolInfo(TI
Page 533 and 534:
with all four slots, even if you do
Page 535 and 536:
}; RGsdpSession::Listen() calls CGs
Page 537 and 538:
inline RGsdpSession() : iHandler(0)
Page 539 and 540:
If, in the first step above, the ke
Page 541 and 542:
The GSDP client API implements a sy
Page 543 and 544:
� Function() gives me the request
Page 545 and 546:
Basically, the setter stores its ar
Page 547 and 548:
As we saw in Chapter 17, any API pr
Page 549 and 550:
Many Symbian OS servers use polymor
Page 551 and 552:
construct shutdown timer iShutdown=
Page 553 and 554:
void CGsdpProtocolUpdater::RunL() {
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GSDP clients can select the protoco
Page 557 and 558:
} }; } }; } version_no = 1; display
Page 559 and 560:
} aFromPort, aData); If iLastError
Page 561 and 562:
� The datagram arrives via a GDP
Page 563 and 564:
AddPacket() is a method provided by
Page 565 and 566:
iReceiveMessage.Complete(KErrNone);
Page 567 and 568:
� The client program launches a n
Page 569 and 570:
server.Close(); return died.Int();
Page 571 and 572:
CGsdpScheduler::TServerStart start;
Page 573 and 574:
aStart.SignalL(); CActiveScheduler:
Page 575 and 576:
19.4 Summary In this chapter, we've
Page 577 and 578:
Figure 20.1 Typically, a communicat
Page 579 and 580:
This encapsulation is important, as
Page 581 and 582:
else // Everything was OK, leave th
Page 583 and 584:
suite of protocols: UDP, TCP, ICMP
Page 585 and 586:
member of the GDP-SMS session objec
Page 587 and 588:
This puts it into an initial state,
Page 589 and 590:
void CGdpSmsSender::TSendMsgState::
Page 591 and 592:
If, for some reason, the operation
Page 593 and 594:
RSmsSocketReadStream readstream(iRe
Page 595 and 596:
Bluetooth is composed of a hierarch
Page 597 and 598:
Figure 20.10 shows two sequential o
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As with GDP-SMS, the SendL() functi
Page 601 and 602:
Once connected, the sockets interfa
Page 603 and 604:
err = iListenSocket.Listen(4); User
Page 605 and 606:
iReceiver.iReadSocket.Read(iReceive
Page 607 and 608:
Appendix 1: Example Projects Overvi
Page 609 and 610:
AppForge development software integ
Page 611 and 612:
Psion has a long history of using S
Page 613 and 614:
Appendix 3: TOGS Guide and Referenc
Page 615 and 616:
protected: TUid iDtor_ID_Key; }; CG
Page 617 and 618:
eturn KErrNone; } TInt CGdpLoopback
Page 619 and 620:
packet to the initiating partner: t
Page 621 and 622:
inline RGsdpSession() : iHandler(0)
Page 623 and 624:
Function Description MGsdpPacketHan
Page 625 and 626:
RGCP TOGS is designed to support tu
Page 627 and 628:
Packet structure RGCP uses GSDP as
Page 629 and 630:
State Meaning responses are handled
Page 631 and 632:
Figure A3.10 Here's CRgcpSession's
Page 633 and 634:
void GsdpHandleL(const TDesC8& aDat
Page 635 and 636:
virtual void RgcpHandleBound() = 0;
Page 637 and 638:
State Meaning Listening You have ch
Page 639 and 640:
From To Occurs When other player, t
Page 641 and 642:
Opcode Name Details want-second.Res
Page 643 and 644:
Appendix 4: Emulator Reference Over
Page 645 and 646:
Figure A4.2 This source compatibili
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Figure A4.5 An emulator configurati
Page 649 and 650:
Each Symbian OS .exe built for the
Page 651 and 652:
In different UIs, there can be addi
Page 653 and 654:
ARM data alignment rules are strict
Page 655 and 656:
Key Description W Dump full window
Page 657 and 658:
event handling threads 569 events,
Page 659 and 660:
Application Programming Interfaces
Page 661 and 662:
Boolean data type 55 Boss Puzzle di
Page 663 and 664:
CGsdpSession 650 CanReceivePacket()
Page 665 and 666:
certificate file 472 Certificate Ge
Page 667 and 668:
ServiceL error handling 646 CGsdpSe
Page 669 and 670:
CObjectIx class 614 CodeWarrior deb
Page 671 and 672:
context switching 27 performance is
Page 673 and 674:
CSession class 598, 614, 624 CShara
Page 675 and 676:
text 501 fonts 495 GDI 507 line dra
Page 677 and 678:
const rule, breaking 334 descriptio
Page 679 and 680:
DrawVerticalBorder() function 238 D
Page 681 and 682:
ExternalizeL() function 261 testing
Page 683 and 684:
files 416 copying to emulator 773 s
Page 685 and 686:
G game datagram protocol see GDP pr
Page 687 and 688:
drawing 237 zooming 245 GetZoom() f
Page 689 and 690:
graphics interaction 370 pick corre
Page 691 and 692:
Install() function CActiveScheduler
Page 693 and 694:
graphics interaction handling 370 O
Page 695 and 696:
summary 485 MakeVisible() function
Page 697 and 698:
multithreading 43 MVC 287 controlle
Page 699 and 700:
packets see datagrams palettes 516
Page 701 and 702:
private key 472 privilege boundarie
Page 703 and 704:
ReceiveAllL() 697 ReceivePacket() f
Page 705 and 706:
Revo 23 RFCOMM 701 RFile class 46 v
Page 707 and 708:
RWriteStream 425 streams 430 vs. RF
Page 709 and 710:
CGraphicsContext class 324 SetBrush
Page 711 and 712:
simple getter functions 60 single-p
Page 713 and 714:
Static() function CCoeEnv class 357
Page 715 and 716:
ESOCK sockets server 526 ETEL telep
Page 717 and 718:
TDisplayMode 516 Telephony server 6
Page 719 and 720:
TParsePtr 418 TParsePtrC 418 TPckg
Page 721 and 722:
derivation relationships 75 Unicode
Page 723:
flicker-free redraw 354 invalid reg
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