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Furthermore, the application architecture makes default assumptions about the capabilities of the application – specifically, that it can't be embedded. If you want a nice caption and a nice icon or if you want to allow your application to be embedded, you have to code an application information file or AIF. In <strong>Chapter</strong> 14, I'll show you how to create hellogui.aif to give an icon and captions to my GUI hello world application. 13.1.3 Summary of File Naming and Location Conventions Here's a summary of the file types we've met so far, along with the folder and file naming conventions required by the application architecture. Type Name Location Application document files Any name Any folder on any read/write drive. \Documents\ is an initial default suggestion, in English-language locales Nondocument application files Any name In \System\ on any drive, according to requirements Application program appname.app \System\Apps\appname\ on any drive (including z: for built-in applications) AIF appname.aif Same as .app Resource file appname.r?? Same as .app .ini file appname .ini c:\System\Apps\appname\ – only c: is allowed, so that the .ini file is (1) on a read/write drive and (2) always accessible to an application, even if removable media are changed Application- specific DLLs *.dll Same as .app Shared DLLs *.dll \System\Libs\, ideally on same drive as .app Shared .exes *.exe \System\Programs\, ideally on same drive as .app 13.2 Introducing the APIs Now that we've seen how the file system is used, it's time to look at the main file and datarelated APIs. Here they are
Figure 13.2 The file server provides fundamental file services such as drives, directories, files, and installable file systems, for use by higher-level components. It also provides program-loading facilities required by E32 – which is why the file server is an integral part of the Symbian OS base. Central to all native Symbian OS data handling is the stream store. Objects exchange data between RAM and streams using >operators or ExternalizeL() and InternalizeL() functions. Stores are just collections of streams. Native file and document formats use file stores and embedded stores. The APIs of the file server and the stream store will form the body of the material in the rest of this chapter. Also, the clipboard API that is specified in baclipb.h, uses stream store technology and a single data file, clipbrd.dat, which is shared by all applications. This allows a copying program to put data on the clipboard in multiple formats and a pasting program to select the best available format for its purposes. It is documented in the C++ SDK. 13.3 The File Server The file server (F32) offers a client API that allows user programs to manipulate drives, directories, and files and to read and write data in files. F32 uses DOS-like conventions to offer up to 26 devices (drives) identified as a: to z:, a fully hierarchical directory structure and long filenames incorporating almost any character – except those reserved by the file system itself. Directory names are separated by backslashes ('\', as in Windows), rather than by forward slashes ('/', as in UNIX). A period ('.') may be used to indicate an extension; although this has no special meaning to Symbian OS, some applications may assign their own meaning to them. A filename, including its drive and directory portion, may be up to 256 characters long. Like Windows (and unlike UNIX), the file server (VFAT driver) is case preserving, but not case sensitive. In other words, if you create a file called My File, all directory operations will return the name My File with the original case. But if you search for My File, my file, MY file, or any other combination, the file My File will be returned. Clearly, this means that you can't have two or more files in the same directory whose names differ only in the cases of some of their letters.
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Table of Contents Symbian OS C++ fo
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Reprinted August 2003 All Rights Re
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� consultants, trainers, and auth
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Symbian OS C++ for Mobile Phones fo
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When you're ready to use the Symbia
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improvement. She has a reputation f
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John works in the partner projects
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If you've never seen Symbian OS bef
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within a particular application. In
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There are a number of other ways in
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programs - namely, to handle and re
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There is no need to trap the call t
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abld build winscw udeb The winscw p
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If you're curious, you might want t
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If your connectivity software does
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Chapter 2: System Structure Overvie
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Figure 2.2 Figure 2.3 Symbian OS OE
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Note Actually, for performance reas
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To be executed, an executable has t
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The kernel itself has two major com
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ROM handling is easy. The ROM consi
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You can control the stack size in a
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industry standard, slightly smaller
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A server also uses its own active o
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In order to minimize any difficulty
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� The top-level project name in t
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Title DLL Source Group Headers Desc
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Chapter 3: C++ and Object Orientati
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The fundamental rule is, use names
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Category Examples Description Const
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3.2.6 Summary Naming conventions ar
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Convenience functions are trivial w
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� When declaring a virtual functi
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used in preference to old style C c
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Java uses interfaces too: in Java,
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� Whether these are private or pu
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If the cardinality is not 1-to-1, t
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Figure 4.1 At the bottom is the GDI
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In addition to the four C++ classes
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In addition, as indicated by the SO
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Figure 4.3 SDK and then browse to t
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eturn KErrNone; } Important You mus
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private: // from CEikDocument CEikA
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ConstructL() performs second-phase
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hellogui's application view is a co
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The other things we haven't seen in
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form described above advertises the
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} RESOURCE TBUF r_hellogui_text_hel
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CQikAppUi::HandleWsEventL(const TWs
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4.9 Terminating the Application By
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debug stepping, variable watching,
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5.1 Strings and Memory To understan
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� HBufC* is a pointer to a heap-b
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strlen() doesn't include the traili
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The Des() function returns a TPtr c
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TBuf helloWorld(_L("hello")); greet
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TDes& parameters. Symbian OS itself
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5.4 More Text APIs Symbian OS uses
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encodings of Unicode that use seque
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Chapter 6: Error Handling and Clean
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Even user input errors can be handl
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Note It also demonstrates that the
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eak; So, the New 1 menu item alloca
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this line yourself, and then rerun
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case EMagicCmdNew2: delete iObject2
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If the new(ELeave) fails, then iObj
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If you're writing a function, and t
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} You can invoke these functions fr
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Any one of the calls to UseL() may
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case EMagicCmdUse4: { CY* y = new(E
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� Functions that can leave must o
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CZ::NewL() was actually coded waste
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TAny*. The cleanup code will deallo
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successfully). This means you have
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User::Leave(KErrNone). This appears
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systems outside my control, and res
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Chapter 7: Resource Files Overview
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Data Type Description BUF A Unicode
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} MENU_ITEM { command = EExampleCmd
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A single resource file supports 409
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Filename Description EeikCmdExit, a
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RESOURCE MENU_PANE r_hellogui_hello
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0E [uncompressed data run length] 0
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Chapter 8: Basic APIs Overview We'v
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IMPORT_C void Write(TInt aPos, cons
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_LIT8(KTxt2," world"); buf->InsertL
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Dynamic buffers are also used to st
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Class name Description [*] CArrayFi
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In v7.0, the structure of ROM image
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} In a function such as FormatList(
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library. The next few pages should
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Using this technique, your program
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� The original program consisted
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pointer, and no method of directly
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Figure 9.1 It's a pretty Spartan di
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Note 9.2.3 The Controller As descri
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TInt iLength; // Length - determine
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void SetHit(TInt aX, TInt aY); // H
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The functions to do this are Functi
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User::After(1) is guaranteed to wai
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{ public: // Construct/destruct/set
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This begins by creating a new windo
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); aRect.iTl.iX+iBorderSize+i*iTile
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else gc.SetPenColor(KRgbYellow); gc
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control framework needs to know whe
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the board. It then uses these coord
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Calculate board size in twips, and
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iRightBorder.Move(offset); iBoardRe
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private: // Construct/restore void
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ViewCmdHitFleet() shows how the con
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There are no surprises in the comma
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}; MENU_ITEM {command=EEikCmdZoomIn
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The framework handles creating a fi
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void TShip::ExternalizeL(RWriteStre
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void CGameAppUi::HandleCommandL(TIn
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the target view. Because such messa
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TInt iCursorX; TInt iCursorY; TUid
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display area) and to handle a parti
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Create and load a bitmap iHideBitma
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This version formats the message ID
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Chapter 10: Dialogs and Concrete Co
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Figure 10.2 I got this by typing Ct
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Finally, note that buttons can't be
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for 'control'. I'll always use 'con
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CEikDialog* dialog = new(ELeave) CE
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Simply put, the dialog has a title,
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OK is handled by OkToExitL(). In fa
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Any of the checks or file operation
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}; id = EGameControlIdProtocol; con
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Listen"; } type = EEikCtChoiceList;
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TUid protocol = TUid::Uid(choicelis
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10.3.2 Adding Buttons If you want t
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Function Description virtual void S
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� specify initialization data for
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CEikBorderedControl CEikBorderedCon
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� eikon.rh and Qikon.rh contain t
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Class Header ID CEikGlobalTextEdito
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UIs provide many other standard dia
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Figure 11.1 As it happens, this scr
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gc.DrawText(*iHelloWorld, rect, bas
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The two points that define Trect ca
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The clipping region defines the reg
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virtual void DrawBitmap(const TRect
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Figure 11.5 From the diagram: � T
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In theory, then, you don't need to
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So far, we have suggested that you
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DrawBorders(); DrawTiles(); } but t
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It turns out that working out exact
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Now it's time to be precise about h
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Figure 11.10 It has a single window
Page 301 and 302: { public: . . . static CExampleHell
Page 303 and 304: case 2: return EAmountOfControls; }
Page 305 and 306: finished. When the BeginRedraw()fun
Page 307 and 308: Default settings are assured here:
Page 309 and 310: First and foremost, a control is a
Page 311 and 312: class CCoeControl : public CBase {
Page 313 and 314: You can set a control's position an
Page 315 and 316: IMPORT_C virtual void Draw(const TR
Page 317 and 318: � If you select OK on a dialog -
Page 319 and 320: In this chapter, I've concentrated
Page 321 and 322: TKeyResponse COppFleetView::OfferKe
Page 323 and 324: TEventCode is the type of window se
Page 325 and 326: notification, and changing the curs
Page 327 and 328: From the preceding discussion, it s
Page 329 and 330: � if the Set interval button is s
Page 331 and 332: � The general-purpose control des
Page 333 and 334: private: ... MCoeControlObserver* i
Page 335 and 336: Special-purpose events should be ha
Page 337 and 338: Figure 12.4 Key events are offered
Page 339 and 340: A control should change its appeara
Page 341 and 342: 12.4.3 Grabbing the Pointer-down Co
Page 343 and 344: ProcessPointerEventL() implements t
Page 345 and 346: In the last chapter, we concentrate
Page 347 and 348: making them lighter or darker. For
Page 349 and 350: Chapter 13: Files, Streams, and Sto
Page 351: Note Strictly, documents are not th
Page 355 and 356: � changing directory and file att
Page 357 and 358: important in Symbian OS, so it's pr
Page 359 and 360: Figure 13.5: � Write file allows
Page 361 and 362: TryChangeFocusToL(EExampleControlId
Page 363 and 364: file.Close(); // Finished with user
Page 365 and 366: Update view iAppView->DrawNow(); }
Page 367 and 368: } // Finish CleanupStack::PopAndDes
Page 369 and 370: external stream and de-serialize wh
Page 371 and 372: RwriteStream Functions RReadStream
Page 373 and 374: You'll remember that I used this, w
Page 375 and 376: Technique Application descriptor wh
Page 377 and 378: Let's consider the file format of t
Page 379 and 380: � create, write, and close the ap
Page 381 and 382: Figure 13.10 The main document is a
Page 383 and 384: through the DBMS. For more on using
Page 385 and 386: Figure 13.13 There is a small class
Page 387 and 388: � Where an application's .ini fil
Page 389 and 390: The first step of the process is to
Page 391 and 392: END SOURCE 1 icon2mask.bmp SOURCE c
Page 393 and 394: id=EHelloGuiCmd0; flags=EEikToolBar
Page 395 and 396: Figure 14.4 abld build winscw udeb
Page 397 and 398: For the purpose of this book, we'll
Page 399 and 400: #include RESOURCE AIF_DATA { capti
Page 401 and 402: 1 file(s) copied. When this has fin
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The way the Certificate Generator w
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The body of this file should be obv
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Don't expect the installed applicat
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� Every application should fill t
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� Use bold style for active text
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Overview This chapter discusses wri
Page 415 and 416:
Class Description CExampleApplicati
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Class Description Figure 15.3 conta
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aDeviceRect.Center().iY - boxInPixe
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} fontSpec)); The key function here
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The second case will cause problems
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I'm careful to draw every pixel: I
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SetZoomOutL() works the other way r
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ealistic print code would take acco
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Figure 15.7 The base class for bitm
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lit them efficiently from a shared
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#define KRgbYellow TRgb(0x00ffff) #
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world colors mapped down onto black
Page 439 and 440:
Figure 15.8 The GUI used in the Psi
Page 441 and 442:
In terms of applications, the appli
Page 443 and 444:
Overview So far in this book, we've
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Figure 16.2 The starting point for
Page 447 and 448:
if (iController->Engine().IsMyTurn(
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device, I will have to publish thes
Page 451 and 452:
� If your request didn't get thro
Page 453 and 454:
Communications is full of this kind
Page 455 and 456:
The game will connect and you can s
Page 457 and 458:
Figure 16.9 The controller contains
Page 459 and 460:
iEngine->iOppFleet.SetShipType(aX,
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if(!iController->IsMyTurn()) iEikon
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Of course, the opponent's response
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wrong with it. And it may not alway
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fleet.SetHit(x,y); // update view i
Page 469 and 470:
With this scheme, each chat message
Page 471 and 472:
For a minimum level of skill, the c
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CONE maintains an outstanding reque
Page 475 and 476:
Figure 17.2 It is also worth mentio
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some function that will later gener
Page 479 and 480:
So the scheduler handles precisely
Page 481 and 482:
CActive implements the Cancel() fun
Page 483 and 484:
A RunL() function can stop the acti
Page 485 and 486:
}; Figure 17.9 Member functions her
Page 487 and 488:
Function Description Stop() Decreas
Page 489 and 490:
17.3.1 Maintaining an Outstanding R
Page 491 and 492:
Change visibility of app view text
Page 493 and 494:
static CMultiPartHello* NewL(CActiv
Page 495 and 496:
iTimer.After(iStatus, iDelay); SetA
Page 497 and 498:
I prefer to hide active objects fro
Page 499 and 500:
In active objects, higher priority
Page 501 and 502:
Figure 18.1 Some simple server tran
Page 503 and 504:
A new session has a handle that is
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Figure 18.4 Before any subsessions
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Figure 18.5 When the buffer is full
Page 509 and 510:
Related servers can be run in the s
Page 511 and 512:
� Request the window server to dr
Page 513 and 514:
This is because, when a client thre
Page 515 and 516:
Figure 18.8 18.4.1 Thread Basics Th
Page 517 and 518:
GetDesLength() return this as their
Page 519 and 520:
class RSessionBase : public RHandle
Page 521 and 522:
RSubSessionBase - client-side sub-s
Page 523 and 524:
Bootstrap code for a server should
Page 525 and 526:
The CSharableSession class provides
Page 527 and 528:
RMessage is not intended for deriva
Page 529 and 530:
The GSDP server presented here has
Page 531 and 532:
IMPORT_C TInt GetGdpProtocolInfo(TI
Page 533 and 534:
with all four slots, even if you do
Page 535 and 536:
}; RGsdpSession::Listen() calls CGs
Page 537 and 538:
inline RGsdpSession() : iHandler(0)
Page 539 and 540:
If, in the first step above, the ke
Page 541 and 542:
The GSDP client API implements a sy
Page 543 and 544:
� Function() gives me the request
Page 545 and 546:
Basically, the setter stores its ar
Page 547 and 548:
As we saw in Chapter 17, any API pr
Page 549 and 550:
Many Symbian OS servers use polymor
Page 551 and 552:
construct shutdown timer iShutdown=
Page 553 and 554:
void CGsdpProtocolUpdater::RunL() {
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GSDP clients can select the protoco
Page 557 and 558:
} }; } }; } version_no = 1; display
Page 559 and 560:
} aFromPort, aData); If iLastError
Page 561 and 562:
� The datagram arrives via a GDP
Page 563 and 564:
AddPacket() is a method provided by
Page 565 and 566:
iReceiveMessage.Complete(KErrNone);
Page 567 and 568:
� The client program launches a n
Page 569 and 570:
server.Close(); return died.Int();
Page 571 and 572:
CGsdpScheduler::TServerStart start;
Page 573 and 574:
aStart.SignalL(); CActiveScheduler:
Page 575 and 576:
19.4 Summary In this chapter, we've
Page 577 and 578:
Figure 20.1 Typically, a communicat
Page 579 and 580:
This encapsulation is important, as
Page 581 and 582:
else // Everything was OK, leave th
Page 583 and 584:
suite of protocols: UDP, TCP, ICMP
Page 585 and 586:
member of the GDP-SMS session objec
Page 587 and 588:
This puts it into an initial state,
Page 589 and 590:
void CGdpSmsSender::TSendMsgState::
Page 591 and 592:
If, for some reason, the operation
Page 593 and 594:
RSmsSocketReadStream readstream(iRe
Page 595 and 596:
Bluetooth is composed of a hierarch
Page 597 and 598:
Figure 20.10 shows two sequential o
Page 599 and 600:
As with GDP-SMS, the SendL() functi
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Once connected, the sockets interfa
Page 603 and 604:
err = iListenSocket.Listen(4); User
Page 605 and 606:
iReceiver.iReadSocket.Read(iReceive
Page 607 and 608:
Appendix 1: Example Projects Overvi
Page 609 and 610:
AppForge development software integ
Page 611 and 612:
Psion has a long history of using S
Page 613 and 614:
Appendix 3: TOGS Guide and Referenc
Page 615 and 616:
protected: TUid iDtor_ID_Key; }; CG
Page 617 and 618:
eturn KErrNone; } TInt CGdpLoopback
Page 619 and 620:
packet to the initiating partner: t
Page 621 and 622:
inline RGsdpSession() : iHandler(0)
Page 623 and 624:
Function Description MGsdpPacketHan
Page 625 and 626:
RGCP TOGS is designed to support tu
Page 627 and 628:
Packet structure RGCP uses GSDP as
Page 629 and 630:
State Meaning responses are handled
Page 631 and 632:
Figure A3.10 Here's CRgcpSession's
Page 633 and 634:
void GsdpHandleL(const TDesC8& aDat
Page 635 and 636:
virtual void RgcpHandleBound() = 0;
Page 637 and 638:
State Meaning Listening You have ch
Page 639 and 640:
From To Occurs When other player, t
Page 641 and 642:
Opcode Name Details want-second.Res
Page 643 and 644:
Appendix 4: Emulator Reference Over
Page 645 and 646:
Figure A4.2 This source compatibili
Page 647 and 648:
Figure A4.5 An emulator configurati
Page 649 and 650:
Each Symbian OS .exe built for the
Page 651 and 652:
In different UIs, there can be addi
Page 653 and 654:
ARM data alignment rules are strict
Page 655 and 656:
Key Description W Dump full window
Page 657 and 658:
event handling threads 569 events,
Page 659 and 660:
Application Programming Interfaces
Page 661 and 662:
Boolean data type 55 Boss Puzzle di
Page 663 and 664:
CGsdpSession 650 CanReceivePacket()
Page 665 and 666:
certificate file 472 Certificate Ge
Page 667 and 668:
ServiceL error handling 646 CGsdpSe
Page 669 and 670:
CObjectIx class 614 CodeWarrior deb
Page 671 and 672:
context switching 27 performance is
Page 673 and 674:
CSession class 598, 614, 624 CShara
Page 675 and 676:
text 501 fonts 495 GDI 507 line dra
Page 677 and 678:
const rule, breaking 334 descriptio
Page 679 and 680:
DrawVerticalBorder() function 238 D
Page 681 and 682:
ExternalizeL() function 261 testing
Page 683 and 684:
files 416 copying to emulator 773 s
Page 685 and 686:
G game datagram protocol see GDP pr
Page 687 and 688:
drawing 237 zooming 245 GetZoom() f
Page 689 and 690:
graphics interaction 370 pick corre
Page 691 and 692:
Install() function CActiveScheduler
Page 693 and 694:
graphics interaction handling 370 O
Page 695 and 696:
summary 485 MakeVisible() function
Page 697 and 698:
multithreading 43 MVC 287 controlle
Page 699 and 700:
packets see datagrams palettes 516
Page 701 and 702:
private key 472 privilege boundarie
Page 703 and 704:
ReceiveAllL() 697 ReceivePacket() f
Page 705 and 706:
Revo 23 RFCOMM 701 RFile class 46 v
Page 707 and 708:
RWriteStream 425 streams 430 vs. RF
Page 709 and 710:
CGraphicsContext class 324 SetBrush
Page 711 and 712:
simple getter functions 60 single-p
Page 713 and 714:
Static() function CCoeEnv class 357
Page 715 and 716:
ESOCK sockets server 526 ETEL telep
Page 717 and 718:
TDisplayMode 516 Telephony server 6
Page 719 and 720:
TParsePtr 418 TParsePtrC 418 TPckg
Page 721 and 722:
derivation relationships 75 Unicode
Page 723:
flicker-free redraw 354 invalid reg
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