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Figure 16.1 The servers are: � C32 – the serial communications server, which drives the communications ports and also runs serial-like protocols that use other communications services. � ESOCK – the sockets server, which provides a sockets-based API that's used for dialup TCP/IP, IrDA via the infrared port and Bluetooth. � ETEL – the telephony server, which is used to control phone-like devices including landline and mobile-phone modems, enabling them to make fax, data, and voice calls. � Messaging – provides SMS and MMS send/receive, and Internet e-mail using dial-up TCP/IP for SMTP send, POP3/IMAP4 receive. The first three of these servers work closely together to offer communications facilities to higher-level programs, including the communications applications included in Symbian OS: Battleships uses two communications protocols: � Bluetooth sockets, for short-range links � SMS (short message service) text messages, for long-range links. I'll give descriptions for the implementations for drivers for both these protocols in <strong>Chapter</strong>s 19 and 20. By reading these chapters, you'll gain specific insight into how the main communications components of Symbian OS fit together. You can also find good overview technical information on the communications facilities in technical papers on Symbian's website, and detailed API references in the product-specific SDKs available from the product manufacturers. 16.2 Battleships without Communications The main problem with communications is that it's complicated. The final Battleships application has over 70 classes. There is simply no way to produce an application like that without planning carefully how to get from here to there.
Figure 16.2 The starting point for Battleships was the two-player game, tp-ships for short. The purpose of tp-ships was to prove that the Battleships idea would work. Here are some screenshots of a game that's just begun, showing my view of the opponents fleet and my own: You play this game as follows: � Player 1 starts the game by launching it from the menu. The initial view is player 1's view of the opponent's fleet. The player can use the View menu to change the view to My fleet, as shown in the second picture. Player 1 requests a hit on the 'opponent's fleet', and then chooses Hide from the View menu. � Player 1 passes the game over to player 2. � Player 2 can then select eitherTarget fleet for selecting a location to hit or My fleet to view any hits on their fleet before selecting Hide and handing back over. And so play continues. The hide system is good enough to make a playable game between friends, though it isn't really coded to stop determined cheats. The game design in UML is given in Figure 16.3. Figure 16.3
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Table of Contents Symbian OS C++ fo
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Reprinted August 2003 All Rights Re
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� consultants, trainers, and auth
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Symbian OS C++ for Mobile Phones fo
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When you're ready to use the Symbia
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improvement. She has a reputation f
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John works in the partner projects
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If you've never seen Symbian OS bef
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within a particular application. In
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There are a number of other ways in
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programs - namely, to handle and re
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There is no need to trap the call t
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abld build winscw udeb The winscw p
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If you're curious, you might want t
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If your connectivity software does
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Chapter 2: System Structure Overvie
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Figure 2.2 Figure 2.3 Symbian OS OE
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Note Actually, for performance reas
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To be executed, an executable has t
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The kernel itself has two major com
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ROM handling is easy. The ROM consi
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You can control the stack size in a
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industry standard, slightly smaller
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A server also uses its own active o
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In order to minimize any difficulty
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� The top-level project name in t
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Title DLL Source Group Headers Desc
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Chapter 3: C++ and Object Orientati
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The fundamental rule is, use names
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Category Examples Description Const
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3.2.6 Summary Naming conventions ar
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Convenience functions are trivial w
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� When declaring a virtual functi
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used in preference to old style C c
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Java uses interfaces too: in Java,
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� Whether these are private or pu
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If the cardinality is not 1-to-1, t
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Figure 4.1 At the bottom is the GDI
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In addition to the four C++ classes
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In addition, as indicated by the SO
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Figure 4.3 SDK and then browse to t
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eturn KErrNone; } Important You mus
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private: // from CEikDocument CEikA
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ConstructL() performs second-phase
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hellogui's application view is a co
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The other things we haven't seen in
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form described above advertises the
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} RESOURCE TBUF r_hellogui_text_hel
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CQikAppUi::HandleWsEventL(const TWs
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4.9 Terminating the Application By
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debug stepping, variable watching,
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5.1 Strings and Memory To understan
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� HBufC* is a pointer to a heap-b
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strlen() doesn't include the traili
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The Des() function returns a TPtr c
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TBuf helloWorld(_L("hello")); greet
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TDes& parameters. Symbian OS itself
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5.4 More Text APIs Symbian OS uses
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encodings of Unicode that use seque
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Chapter 6: Error Handling and Clean
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Even user input errors can be handl
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Note It also demonstrates that the
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eak; So, the New 1 menu item alloca
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this line yourself, and then rerun
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case EMagicCmdNew2: delete iObject2
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If the new(ELeave) fails, then iObj
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If you're writing a function, and t
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} You can invoke these functions fr
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Any one of the calls to UseL() may
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case EMagicCmdUse4: { CY* y = new(E
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� Functions that can leave must o
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CZ::NewL() was actually coded waste
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TAny*. The cleanup code will deallo
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successfully). This means you have
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User::Leave(KErrNone). This appears
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systems outside my control, and res
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Chapter 7: Resource Files Overview
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Data Type Description BUF A Unicode
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} MENU_ITEM { command = EExampleCmd
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A single resource file supports 409
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Filename Description EeikCmdExit, a
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RESOURCE MENU_PANE r_hellogui_hello
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0E [uncompressed data run length] 0
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Chapter 8: Basic APIs Overview We'v
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IMPORT_C void Write(TInt aPos, cons
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_LIT8(KTxt2," world"); buf->InsertL
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Dynamic buffers are also used to st
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Class name Description [*] CArrayFi
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In v7.0, the structure of ROM image
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} In a function such as FormatList(
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library. The next few pages should
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Using this technique, your program
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� The original program consisted
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pointer, and no method of directly
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Figure 9.1 It's a pretty Spartan di
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Note 9.2.3 The Controller As descri
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TInt iLength; // Length - determine
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void SetHit(TInt aX, TInt aY); // H
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The functions to do this are Functi
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User::After(1) is guaranteed to wai
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{ public: // Construct/destruct/set
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This begins by creating a new windo
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); aRect.iTl.iX+iBorderSize+i*iTile
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else gc.SetPenColor(KRgbYellow); gc
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control framework needs to know whe
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the board. It then uses these coord
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Calculate board size in twips, and
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iRightBorder.Move(offset); iBoardRe
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private: // Construct/restore void
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ViewCmdHitFleet() shows how the con
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There are no surprises in the comma
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}; MENU_ITEM {command=EEikCmdZoomIn
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The framework handles creating a fi
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void TShip::ExternalizeL(RWriteStre
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void CGameAppUi::HandleCommandL(TIn
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the target view. Because such messa
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TInt iCursorX; TInt iCursorY; TUid
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display area) and to handle a parti
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Create and load a bitmap iHideBitma
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This version formats the message ID
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Chapter 10: Dialogs and Concrete Co
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Figure 10.2 I got this by typing Ct
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Finally, note that buttons can't be
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for 'control'. I'll always use 'con
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CEikDialog* dialog = new(ELeave) CE
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Simply put, the dialog has a title,
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OK is handled by OkToExitL(). In fa
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Any of the checks or file operation
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}; id = EGameControlIdProtocol; con
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Listen"; } type = EEikCtChoiceList;
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TUid protocol = TUid::Uid(choicelis
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10.3.2 Adding Buttons If you want t
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Function Description virtual void S
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� specify initialization data for
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CEikBorderedControl CEikBorderedCon
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� eikon.rh and Qikon.rh contain t
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Class Header ID CEikGlobalTextEdito
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UIs provide many other standard dia
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Figure 11.1 As it happens, this scr
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gc.DrawText(*iHelloWorld, rect, bas
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The two points that define Trect ca
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The clipping region defines the reg
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virtual void DrawBitmap(const TRect
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Figure 11.5 From the diagram: � T
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In theory, then, you don't need to
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So far, we have suggested that you
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DrawBorders(); DrawTiles(); } but t
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It turns out that working out exact
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Now it's time to be precise about h
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Figure 11.10 It has a single window
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{ public: . . . static CExampleHell
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case 2: return EAmountOfControls; }
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finished. When the BeginRedraw()fun
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Default settings are assured here:
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First and foremost, a control is a
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class CCoeControl : public CBase {
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You can set a control's position an
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IMPORT_C virtual void Draw(const TR
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� If you select OK on a dialog -
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In this chapter, I've concentrated
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TKeyResponse COppFleetView::OfferKe
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TEventCode is the type of window se
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notification, and changing the curs
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From the preceding discussion, it s
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� if the Set interval button is s
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� The general-purpose control des
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private: ... MCoeControlObserver* i
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Special-purpose events should be ha
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Figure 12.4 Key events are offered
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A control should change its appeara
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12.4.3 Grabbing the Pointer-down Co
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ProcessPointerEventL() implements t
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In the last chapter, we concentrate
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making them lighter or darker. For
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Chapter 13: Files, Streams, and Sto
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Note Strictly, documents are not th
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Figure 13.2 The file server provide
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� changing directory and file att
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important in Symbian OS, so it's pr
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Figure 13.5: � Write file allows
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TryChangeFocusToL(EExampleControlId
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file.Close(); // Finished with user
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Update view iAppView->DrawNow(); }
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} // Finish CleanupStack::PopAndDes
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external stream and de-serialize wh
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RwriteStream Functions RReadStream
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You'll remember that I used this, w
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Technique Application descriptor wh
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Let's consider the file format of t
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� create, write, and close the ap
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Figure 13.10 The main document is a
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through the DBMS. For more on using
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Figure 13.13 There is a small class
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� Where an application's .ini fil
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The first step of the process is to
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END SOURCE 1 icon2mask.bmp SOURCE c
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Page 395 and 396: Figure 14.4 abld build winscw udeb
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Page 399 and 400: #include RESOURCE AIF_DATA { capti
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Page 413 and 414: Overview This chapter discusses wri
Page 415 and 416: Class Description CExampleApplicati
Page 417 and 418: Class Description Figure 15.3 conta
Page 419 and 420: aDeviceRect.Center().iY - boxInPixe
Page 421 and 422: } fontSpec)); The key function here
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Page 425 and 426: I'm careful to draw every pixel: I
Page 427 and 428: SetZoomOutL() works the other way r
Page 429 and 430: ealistic print code would take acco
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Page 439 and 440: Figure 15.8 The GUI used in the Psi
Page 441 and 442: In terms of applications, the appli
Page 443: Overview So far in this book, we've
Page 447 and 448: if (iController->Engine().IsMyTurn(
Page 449 and 450: device, I will have to publish thes
Page 451 and 452: � If your request didn't get thro
Page 453 and 454: Communications is full of this kind
Page 455 and 456: The game will connect and you can s
Page 457 and 458: Figure 16.9 The controller contains
Page 459 and 460: iEngine->iOppFleet.SetShipType(aX,
Page 461 and 462: if(!iController->IsMyTurn()) iEikon
Page 463 and 464: Of course, the opponent's response
Page 465 and 466: wrong with it. And it may not alway
Page 467 and 468: fleet.SetHit(x,y); // update view i
Page 469 and 470: With this scheme, each chat message
Page 471 and 472: For a minimum level of skill, the c
Page 473 and 474: CONE maintains an outstanding reque
Page 475 and 476: Figure 17.2 It is also worth mentio
Page 477 and 478: some function that will later gener
Page 479 and 480: So the scheduler handles precisely
Page 481 and 482: CActive implements the Cancel() fun
Page 483 and 484: A RunL() function can stop the acti
Page 485 and 486: }; Figure 17.9 Member functions her
Page 487 and 488: Function Description Stop() Decreas
Page 489 and 490: 17.3.1 Maintaining an Outstanding R
Page 491 and 492: Change visibility of app view text
Page 493 and 494: static CMultiPartHello* NewL(CActiv
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iTimer.After(iStatus, iDelay); SetA
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I prefer to hide active objects fro
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In active objects, higher priority
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Figure 18.1 Some simple server tran
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A new session has a handle that is
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Figure 18.4 Before any subsessions
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Figure 18.5 When the buffer is full
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Related servers can be run in the s
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� Request the window server to dr
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This is because, when a client thre
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Figure 18.8 18.4.1 Thread Basics Th
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GetDesLength() return this as their
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class RSessionBase : public RHandle
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RSubSessionBase - client-side sub-s
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Bootstrap code for a server should
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The CSharableSession class provides
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RMessage is not intended for deriva
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The GSDP server presented here has
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IMPORT_C TInt GetGdpProtocolInfo(TI
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with all four slots, even if you do
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}; RGsdpSession::Listen() calls CGs
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inline RGsdpSession() : iHandler(0)
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If, in the first step above, the ke
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The GSDP client API implements a sy
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� Function() gives me the request
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Basically, the setter stores its ar
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As we saw in Chapter 17, any API pr
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Many Symbian OS servers use polymor
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construct shutdown timer iShutdown=
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void CGsdpProtocolUpdater::RunL() {
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GSDP clients can select the protoco
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} }; } }; } version_no = 1; display
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} aFromPort, aData); If iLastError
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� The datagram arrives via a GDP
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AddPacket() is a method provided by
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iReceiveMessage.Complete(KErrNone);
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� The client program launches a n
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server.Close(); return died.Int();
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CGsdpScheduler::TServerStart start;
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aStart.SignalL(); CActiveScheduler:
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19.4 Summary In this chapter, we've
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Figure 20.1 Typically, a communicat
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This encapsulation is important, as
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else // Everything was OK, leave th
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suite of protocols: UDP, TCP, ICMP
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member of the GDP-SMS session objec
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This puts it into an initial state,
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void CGdpSmsSender::TSendMsgState::
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If, for some reason, the operation
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RSmsSocketReadStream readstream(iRe
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Bluetooth is composed of a hierarch
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Figure 20.10 shows two sequential o
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As with GDP-SMS, the SendL() functi
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Once connected, the sockets interfa
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err = iListenSocket.Listen(4); User
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iReceiver.iReadSocket.Read(iReceive
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Appendix 1: Example Projects Overvi
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AppForge development software integ
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Psion has a long history of using S
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Appendix 3: TOGS Guide and Referenc
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protected: TUid iDtor_ID_Key; }; CG
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eturn KErrNone; } TInt CGdpLoopback
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packet to the initiating partner: t
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inline RGsdpSession() : iHandler(0)
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Function Description MGsdpPacketHan
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RGCP TOGS is designed to support tu
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Packet structure RGCP uses GSDP as
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State Meaning responses are handled
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Figure A3.10 Here's CRgcpSession's
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void GsdpHandleL(const TDesC8& aDat
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virtual void RgcpHandleBound() = 0;
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State Meaning Listening You have ch
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From To Occurs When other player, t
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Opcode Name Details want-second.Res
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Appendix 4: Emulator Reference Over
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Figure A4.2 This source compatibili
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Figure A4.5 An emulator configurati
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Each Symbian OS .exe built for the
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In different UIs, there can be addi
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ARM data alignment rules are strict
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Key Description W Dump full window
Page 657 and 658:
event handling threads 569 events,
Page 659 and 660:
Application Programming Interfaces
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Boolean data type 55 Boss Puzzle di
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CGsdpSession 650 CanReceivePacket()
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certificate file 472 Certificate Ge
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ServiceL error handling 646 CGsdpSe
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CObjectIx class 614 CodeWarrior deb
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context switching 27 performance is
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CSession class 598, 614, 624 CShara
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text 501 fonts 495 GDI 507 line dra
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const rule, breaking 334 descriptio
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DrawVerticalBorder() function 238 D
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ExternalizeL() function 261 testing
Page 683 and 684:
files 416 copying to emulator 773 s
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G game datagram protocol see GDP pr
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drawing 237 zooming 245 GetZoom() f
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graphics interaction 370 pick corre
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Install() function CActiveScheduler
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graphics interaction handling 370 O
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summary 485 MakeVisible() function
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multithreading 43 MVC 287 controlle
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packets see datagrams palettes 516
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private key 472 privilege boundarie
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ReceiveAllL() 697 ReceivePacket() f
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Revo 23 RFCOMM 701 RFile class 46 v
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RWriteStream 425 streams 430 vs. RF
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CGraphicsContext class 324 SetBrush
Page 711 and 712:
simple getter functions 60 single-p
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Static() function CCoeEnv class 357
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ESOCK sockets server 526 ETEL telep
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TDisplayMode 516 Telephony server 6
Page 719 and 720:
TParsePtr 418 TParsePtrC 418 TPckg
Page 721 and 722:
derivation relationships 75 Unicode
Page 723:
flicker-free redraw 354 invalid reg
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