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make -r -f "\EPOC32\BUILD\SCMP\HELLOGUI\GROUP\WINSCW.make" LIBRARY VERBOSE=-s make -s -r -f "\EPOC32\BUILD\SCMP\HELLOGUI\GROUP\HELLOGUI\WINSCW\HELLOGUI.WINSCW" LIBRARY make -r -f "\EPOC32\BUILD\SCMP\HELLOGUI\GROUP\WINSCW.make" RESOURCE CFG=UDEB VERBOSE=-s make -s -r -f "\EPOC32\BUILD\SCMP\HELLOGUI\GROUP\HELLOGUI\WINSCW\HELLOGUI.WINSCW" RESOURCEUDEB make -r -f "\EPOC32\BUILD\SCMP\HELLOGUI\GROUP\WINSCW.make" TARGET CFG=UDEB VERBOSE=-s make -s -r -f "\EPOC32\BUILD\SCMP\HELLOGUI\GROUP\HELLOGUI\WINSCW\HELLOGUI.WINSCW" UDEB make -r -f "\EPOC32\BUILD\SCMP\HELLOGUI\GROUP\WINSCW.make" FINAL CFG=UDEB VERBOSE=-s When building has finished, the application will be in \epoc32\ release\winscw\udeb\z\system\apps\hellogui\. In Windows Explorer, you'll see hellogui.app and hellogui.rsc, which are the real targets of the build. This time, unlike for hellotext, you can't launch the application directly by (say) doubleclicking on hellogui.app from Windows Explorer. Instead, you have to launch the emulator using \epoc32\release\winscw\udeb\epoc.exe. You'll find that hellogui is displayed as an application, and you can launch it by clicking on its icon. This is what it looks like. You can see the world-famous text in the center of the screen, together with a menu that happened to be popped up when I did the screenshot. 4.4.5 Building in the CodeWarrior IDE The main phase of real application development is writing, building, and debugging from within the Metrowerks CodeWarrior IDE – not the command line. To see how to build a GUI program from the IDE, let's start with a clean sheet. If you tried out the command-line build above, from the command line type: abld reallyclean which will get rid of all files from the build. (It may also report errors and issue not-found messages as it tries to get rid of files that might have been produced, but weren't.) You can then launch the IDE and select File | Import Project From.mmp File to build the CodeWarrior project file. Select the appropriate
Figure 4.3 SDK and then browse to the \scmp\hellogui directory and select hellogui.mmp. Click on Finish and, after a short time, the hellogui.mcpCodeWarrior project will have been created. Select Project | Set Default Target and make sure that the HELLOGUI WINSCW UDEB target is selected, then select Project | Make (or press F7) to build the project. You should then be able to start up the winscw udeb emulator and run the application in exactly the same way as you did after building from the command line. 4.4.6 The Source Code From within the CodeWarrior IDE project window, check the source files for the project, and you'll see there are seven files. The first two are hellogui.pref, the source file generated by the IDE from the.mmp file, containing the UID information, and hellogui.resources, another generated file that references the source text file for the application's resources. There are also five C++ source files. The C++ source file hellogui.cpp simply contains two nonclass functions and the remaining four C++ files contain the source for the four classes that make up the application. For each of the five C++ source files, there is a corresponding .hheader file (in the \scmp\hellogui\inc directory). Again, for a project of this size, it is somewhat excessive to have a separate header file for each class but it makes it clearer, for demonstration purposes, which source is related to which class. Such a division becomes increasingly helpful, if not essential, for more complex projects – although you need to make a compromise between this type of clarity and the confusion that arises from having too many source files and too many header file inclusions. In a real application, you may want to use source files that contain collections of closely related classes, but that is a decision you'll have to make for yourself. At this stage, I don't want to get too involved in the details of the code, so I'll just concentrate on the essentials of what is needed to start up an application. You'll see that the code obeys
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Table of Contents Symbian OS C++ fo
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Reprinted August 2003 All Rights Re
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� consultants, trainers, and auth
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Symbian OS C++ for Mobile Phones fo
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When you're ready to use the Symbia
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improvement. She has a reputation f
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John works in the partner projects
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If you've never seen Symbian OS bef
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within a particular application. In
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There are a number of other ways in
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programs - namely, to handle and re
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There is no need to trap the call t
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abld build winscw udeb The winscw p
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If you're curious, you might want t
Page 29 and 30: If your connectivity software does
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 2: System Structure Overvie
Page 33 and 34: Figure 2.2 Figure 2.3 Symbian OS OE
Page 35 and 36: Note Actually, for performance reas
Page 37 and 38: To be executed, an executable has t
Page 39 and 40: The kernel itself has two major com
Page 41 and 42: ROM handling is easy. The ROM consi
Page 43 and 44: You can control the stack size in a
Page 45 and 46: industry standard, slightly smaller
Page 47 and 48: A server also uses its own active o
Page 49 and 50: In order to minimize any difficulty
Page 51 and 52: � The top-level project name in t
Page 53 and 54: Title DLL Source Group Headers Desc
Page 55 and 56: Chapter 3: C++ and Object Orientati
Page 57 and 58: The fundamental rule is, use names
Page 59 and 60: Category Examples Description Const
Page 61 and 62: 3.2.6 Summary Naming conventions ar
Page 63 and 64: Convenience functions are trivial w
Page 65 and 66: � When declaring a virtual functi
Page 67 and 68: used in preference to old style C c
Page 69 and 70: Java uses interfaces too: in Java,
Page 71 and 72: � Whether these are private or pu
Page 73 and 74: If the cardinality is not 1-to-1, t
Page 75 and 76: Figure 4.1 At the bottom is the GDI
Page 77 and 78: In addition to the four C++ classes
Page 79: In addition, as indicated by the SO
Page 83 and 84: eturn KErrNone; } Important You mus
Page 85 and 86: private: // from CEikDocument CEikA
Page 87 and 88: ConstructL() performs second-phase
Page 89 and 90: hellogui's application view is a co
Page 91 and 92: The other things we haven't seen in
Page 93 and 94: form described above advertises the
Page 95 and 96: } RESOURCE TBUF r_hellogui_text_hel
Page 97 and 98: CQikAppUi::HandleWsEventL(const TWs
Page 99 and 100: 4.9 Terminating the Application By
Page 101 and 102: debug stepping, variable watching,
Page 103 and 104: 5.1 Strings and Memory To understan
Page 105 and 106: � HBufC* is a pointer to a heap-b
Page 107 and 108: strlen() doesn't include the traili
Page 109 and 110: The Des() function returns a TPtr c
Page 111 and 112: TBuf helloWorld(_L("hello")); greet
Page 113 and 114: TDes& parameters. Symbian OS itself
Page 115 and 116: 5.4 More Text APIs Symbian OS uses
Page 117 and 118: encodings of Unicode that use seque
Page 119 and 120: Chapter 6: Error Handling and Clean
Page 121 and 122: Even user input errors can be handl
Page 123 and 124: Note It also demonstrates that the
Page 125 and 126: eak; So, the New 1 menu item alloca
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Page 129 and 130: case EMagicCmdNew2: delete iObject2
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If the new(ELeave) fails, then iObj
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If you're writing a function, and t
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} You can invoke these functions fr
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Any one of the calls to UseL() may
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case EMagicCmdUse4: { CY* y = new(E
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� Functions that can leave must o
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CZ::NewL() was actually coded waste
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TAny*. The cleanup code will deallo
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successfully). This means you have
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User::Leave(KErrNone). This appears
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systems outside my control, and res
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Chapter 7: Resource Files Overview
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Data Type Description BUF A Unicode
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} MENU_ITEM { command = EExampleCmd
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A single resource file supports 409
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Filename Description EeikCmdExit, a
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RESOURCE MENU_PANE r_hellogui_hello
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0E [uncompressed data run length] 0
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Chapter 8: Basic APIs Overview We'v
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IMPORT_C void Write(TInt aPos, cons
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_LIT8(KTxt2," world"); buf->InsertL
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Dynamic buffers are also used to st
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Class name Description [*] CArrayFi
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In v7.0, the structure of ROM image
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} In a function such as FormatList(
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library. The next few pages should
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Using this technique, your program
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� The original program consisted
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pointer, and no method of directly
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Figure 9.1 It's a pretty Spartan di
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Note 9.2.3 The Controller As descri
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TInt iLength; // Length - determine
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void SetHit(TInt aX, TInt aY); // H
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The functions to do this are Functi
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User::After(1) is guaranteed to wai
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{ public: // Construct/destruct/set
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This begins by creating a new windo
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); aRect.iTl.iX+iBorderSize+i*iTile
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else gc.SetPenColor(KRgbYellow); gc
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control framework needs to know whe
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the board. It then uses these coord
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Calculate board size in twips, and
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iRightBorder.Move(offset); iBoardRe
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private: // Construct/restore void
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ViewCmdHitFleet() shows how the con
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There are no surprises in the comma
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}; MENU_ITEM {command=EEikCmdZoomIn
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The framework handles creating a fi
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void TShip::ExternalizeL(RWriteStre
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void CGameAppUi::HandleCommandL(TIn
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the target view. Because such messa
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TInt iCursorX; TInt iCursorY; TUid
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display area) and to handle a parti
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Create and load a bitmap iHideBitma
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This version formats the message ID
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Chapter 10: Dialogs and Concrete Co
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Figure 10.2 I got this by typing Ct
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Finally, note that buttons can't be
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for 'control'. I'll always use 'con
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CEikDialog* dialog = new(ELeave) CE
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Simply put, the dialog has a title,
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OK is handled by OkToExitL(). In fa
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Any of the checks or file operation
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}; id = EGameControlIdProtocol; con
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Listen"; } type = EEikCtChoiceList;
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TUid protocol = TUid::Uid(choicelis
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10.3.2 Adding Buttons If you want t
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Function Description virtual void S
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� specify initialization data for
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CEikBorderedControl CEikBorderedCon
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� eikon.rh and Qikon.rh contain t
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Class Header ID CEikGlobalTextEdito
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UIs provide many other standard dia
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Figure 11.1 As it happens, this scr
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gc.DrawText(*iHelloWorld, rect, bas
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The two points that define Trect ca
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The clipping region defines the reg
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virtual void DrawBitmap(const TRect
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Figure 11.5 From the diagram: � T
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In theory, then, you don't need to
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So far, we have suggested that you
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DrawBorders(); DrawTiles(); } but t
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It turns out that working out exact
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Now it's time to be precise about h
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Figure 11.10 It has a single window
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{ public: . . . static CExampleHell
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case 2: return EAmountOfControls; }
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finished. When the BeginRedraw()fun
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Default settings are assured here:
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First and foremost, a control is a
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class CCoeControl : public CBase {
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You can set a control's position an
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IMPORT_C virtual void Draw(const TR
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� If you select OK on a dialog -
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In this chapter, I've concentrated
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TKeyResponse COppFleetView::OfferKe
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TEventCode is the type of window se
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notification, and changing the curs
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From the preceding discussion, it s
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� if the Set interval button is s
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� The general-purpose control des
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private: ... MCoeControlObserver* i
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Special-purpose events should be ha
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Figure 12.4 Key events are offered
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A control should change its appeara
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12.4.3 Grabbing the Pointer-down Co
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ProcessPointerEventL() implements t
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In the last chapter, we concentrate
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making them lighter or darker. For
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Chapter 13: Files, Streams, and Sto
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Note Strictly, documents are not th
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Figure 13.2 The file server provide
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� changing directory and file att
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important in Symbian OS, so it's pr
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Figure 13.5: � Write file allows
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TryChangeFocusToL(EExampleControlId
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file.Close(); // Finished with user
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Update view iAppView->DrawNow(); }
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} // Finish CleanupStack::PopAndDes
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external stream and de-serialize wh
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RwriteStream Functions RReadStream
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You'll remember that I used this, w
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Technique Application descriptor wh
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Let's consider the file format of t
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� create, write, and close the ap
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Figure 13.10 The main document is a
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through the DBMS. For more on using
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Figure 13.13 There is a small class
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� Where an application's .ini fil
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The first step of the process is to
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END SOURCE 1 icon2mask.bmp SOURCE c
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id=EHelloGuiCmd0; flags=EEikToolBar
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Figure 14.4 abld build winscw udeb
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For the purpose of this book, we'll
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#include RESOURCE AIF_DATA { capti
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1 file(s) copied. When this has fin
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The way the Certificate Generator w
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The body of this file should be obv
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Don't expect the installed applicat
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� Every application should fill t
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� Use bold style for active text
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Overview This chapter discusses wri
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Class Description CExampleApplicati
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Class Description Figure 15.3 conta
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aDeviceRect.Center().iY - boxInPixe
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} fontSpec)); The key function here
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The second case will cause problems
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I'm careful to draw every pixel: I
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SetZoomOutL() works the other way r
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ealistic print code would take acco
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Figure 15.7 The base class for bitm
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lit them efficiently from a shared
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#define KRgbYellow TRgb(0x00ffff) #
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world colors mapped down onto black
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Figure 15.8 The GUI used in the Psi
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In terms of applications, the appli
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Overview So far in this book, we've
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Figure 16.2 The starting point for
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if (iController->Engine().IsMyTurn(
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device, I will have to publish thes
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� If your request didn't get thro
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Communications is full of this kind
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The game will connect and you can s
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Figure 16.9 The controller contains
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iEngine->iOppFleet.SetShipType(aX,
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if(!iController->IsMyTurn()) iEikon
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Of course, the opponent's response
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wrong with it. And it may not alway
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fleet.SetHit(x,y); // update view i
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With this scheme, each chat message
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For a minimum level of skill, the c
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CONE maintains an outstanding reque
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Figure 17.2 It is also worth mentio
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some function that will later gener
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So the scheduler handles precisely
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CActive implements the Cancel() fun
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A RunL() function can stop the acti
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}; Figure 17.9 Member functions her
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Function Description Stop() Decreas
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17.3.1 Maintaining an Outstanding R
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Change visibility of app view text
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static CMultiPartHello* NewL(CActiv
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iTimer.After(iStatus, iDelay); SetA
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I prefer to hide active objects fro
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In active objects, higher priority
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Figure 18.1 Some simple server tran
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A new session has a handle that is
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Figure 18.4 Before any subsessions
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Figure 18.5 When the buffer is full
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Related servers can be run in the s
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� Request the window server to dr
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This is because, when a client thre
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Figure 18.8 18.4.1 Thread Basics Th
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GetDesLength() return this as their
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class RSessionBase : public RHandle
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RSubSessionBase - client-side sub-s
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Bootstrap code for a server should
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The CSharableSession class provides
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RMessage is not intended for deriva
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The GSDP server presented here has
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IMPORT_C TInt GetGdpProtocolInfo(TI
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with all four slots, even if you do
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}; RGsdpSession::Listen() calls CGs
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inline RGsdpSession() : iHandler(0)
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If, in the first step above, the ke
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The GSDP client API implements a sy
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� Function() gives me the request
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Basically, the setter stores its ar
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As we saw in Chapter 17, any API pr
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Many Symbian OS servers use polymor
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construct shutdown timer iShutdown=
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void CGsdpProtocolUpdater::RunL() {
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GSDP clients can select the protoco
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} }; } }; } version_no = 1; display
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} aFromPort, aData); If iLastError
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� The datagram arrives via a GDP
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AddPacket() is a method provided by
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iReceiveMessage.Complete(KErrNone);
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� The client program launches a n
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server.Close(); return died.Int();
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CGsdpScheduler::TServerStart start;
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aStart.SignalL(); CActiveScheduler:
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19.4 Summary In this chapter, we've
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Figure 20.1 Typically, a communicat
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This encapsulation is important, as
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else // Everything was OK, leave th
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suite of protocols: UDP, TCP, ICMP
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member of the GDP-SMS session objec
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This puts it into an initial state,
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void CGdpSmsSender::TSendMsgState::
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If, for some reason, the operation
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RSmsSocketReadStream readstream(iRe
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Bluetooth is composed of a hierarch
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Figure 20.10 shows two sequential o
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As with GDP-SMS, the SendL() functi
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Once connected, the sockets interfa
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err = iListenSocket.Listen(4); User
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iReceiver.iReadSocket.Read(iReceive
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Appendix 1: Example Projects Overvi
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AppForge development software integ
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Psion has a long history of using S
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Appendix 3: TOGS Guide and Referenc
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protected: TUid iDtor_ID_Key; }; CG
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eturn KErrNone; } TInt CGdpLoopback
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packet to the initiating partner: t
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inline RGsdpSession() : iHandler(0)
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Function Description MGsdpPacketHan
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RGCP TOGS is designed to support tu
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Packet structure RGCP uses GSDP as
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State Meaning responses are handled
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Figure A3.10 Here's CRgcpSession's
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void GsdpHandleL(const TDesC8& aDat
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virtual void RgcpHandleBound() = 0;
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State Meaning Listening You have ch
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From To Occurs When other player, t
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Opcode Name Details want-second.Res
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Appendix 4: Emulator Reference Over
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Figure A4.2 This source compatibili
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Figure A4.5 An emulator configurati
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Each Symbian OS .exe built for the
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In different UIs, there can be addi
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ARM data alignment rules are strict
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Key Description W Dump full window
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event handling threads 569 events,
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Application Programming Interfaces
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Boolean data type 55 Boss Puzzle di
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CGsdpSession 650 CanReceivePacket()
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certificate file 472 Certificate Ge
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ServiceL error handling 646 CGsdpSe
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CObjectIx class 614 CodeWarrior deb
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context switching 27 performance is
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CSession class 598, 614, 624 CShara
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text 501 fonts 495 GDI 507 line dra
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const rule, breaking 334 descriptio
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DrawVerticalBorder() function 238 D
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ExternalizeL() function 261 testing
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files 416 copying to emulator 773 s
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G game datagram protocol see GDP pr
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drawing 237 zooming 245 GetZoom() f
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graphics interaction 370 pick corre
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Install() function CActiveScheduler
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graphics interaction handling 370 O
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summary 485 MakeVisible() function
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multithreading 43 MVC 287 controlle
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packets see datagrams palettes 516
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private key 472 privilege boundarie
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ReceiveAllL() 697 ReceivePacket() f
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Revo 23 RFCOMM 701 RFile class 46 v
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RWriteStream 425 streams 430 vs. RF
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CGraphicsContext class 324 SetBrush
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simple getter functions 60 single-p
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Static() function CCoeEnv class 357
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ESOCK sockets server 526 ETEL telep
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TDisplayMode 516 Telephony server 6
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TParsePtr 418 TParsePtrC 418 TPckg
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derivation relationships 75 Unicode
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flicker-free redraw 354 invalid reg
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