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mpfile Specifies the location of the multibitmap file. Here we use a special case of "*", which is described in more detail below. bmpid The enum for the relevant bitmap, defined in the generated .mbg file. bmpmask The enum for the corresponding bitmap mask, also defined in the .mbg file. The asterisk used for each bmpfile argument is shorthand (in these circumstances only) for 'my own .mbm file'. For this to work, your .mbm file must have the same name as your .app file and be installed in the same folder. This works for us because we deliberately constructed our.mbm to follow these conventions by calling it Hellogui.mbm in the project specification file, HelloGui.mmp. Under the emulator, the icon is always placed in the same folder as our .app file but, as we shall see later, you must be careful to install it in the right place on the target phone. It's possible to specify other .mbm files within the bmpfile statement as well, but you have to supply the full file path in order to do so. Some potentially useful ones are the UIQ's own System MBMs – such as qikon.mbm, quartz.mbm and eikon.mbm. These files are located in Z:\System\Data and their corresponding .mbg files are in \epoc32\include. These bitmaps include icons for arrowheads used on scrollbars, bold/italic/underline symbols, various other arrows, application icons, background textures, and more. 14.1.4 Building the Application After making all the necessary changes to the resource file, you can finally rebuild the HelloGUI application using the – by now familiar – bldmake and abld commands. From a command prompt, move to the \scmp\HelloGUIfull\Groupdirectory and type: abld reallyclean to remove any files that might have already been built from the previous version of HelloGUI. Then, type: bldmake bldfiles to create new build files incorporating the new bitmap build and resource information. Finally, use the abld command to rebuild the full application to be tested in the emulator, in Figure 14.4.
Figure 14.4 abld build winscw udeb You can view the result by launching the emulator in the usual way; either type epoc from the command line, or double-click on epoc.exe within epoc32\release\winscw\udeb. Figure 14.4 shows what our modified HelloGUI now looks like. 14.1.5 More on the bmconv Tool The Bitmap Converter tool (bmconv) can also be used as a stand-alone application, either to package bitmaps into a single .mbm file, or to extract bitmaps from a multibitmap file. To convert bitmaps into a single .mbm file you only need to type a command such as the following: bmconv /h Hellogui.mbg Hellogui.mbm icon.bmp icon2.bmp iconmask.bmp icon2mask.bmp This gives a verbose log (that you can choose to suppress by using the /q switch if you wish): BMCONV version 110. Compiling... Multiple bitmap store type: File store
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Table of Contents Symbian OS C++ fo
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Reprinted August 2003 All Rights Re
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� consultants, trainers, and auth
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Symbian OS C++ for Mobile Phones fo
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When you're ready to use the Symbia
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improvement. She has a reputation f
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John works in the partner projects
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If you've never seen Symbian OS bef
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within a particular application. In
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There are a number of other ways in
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programs - namely, to handle and re
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There is no need to trap the call t
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abld build winscw udeb The winscw p
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If you're curious, you might want t
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If your connectivity software does
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Chapter 2: System Structure Overvie
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Figure 2.2 Figure 2.3 Symbian OS OE
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Note Actually, for performance reas
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To be executed, an executable has t
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The kernel itself has two major com
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ROM handling is easy. The ROM consi
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You can control the stack size in a
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industry standard, slightly smaller
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A server also uses its own active o
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In order to minimize any difficulty
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� The top-level project name in t
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Title DLL Source Group Headers Desc
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Chapter 3: C++ and Object Orientati
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The fundamental rule is, use names
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Category Examples Description Const
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3.2.6 Summary Naming conventions ar
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Convenience functions are trivial w
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� When declaring a virtual functi
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used in preference to old style C c
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Java uses interfaces too: in Java,
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� Whether these are private or pu
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If the cardinality is not 1-to-1, t
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Figure 4.1 At the bottom is the GDI
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In addition to the four C++ classes
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In addition, as indicated by the SO
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Figure 4.3 SDK and then browse to t
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eturn KErrNone; } Important You mus
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private: // from CEikDocument CEikA
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ConstructL() performs second-phase
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hellogui's application view is a co
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The other things we haven't seen in
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form described above advertises the
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} RESOURCE TBUF r_hellogui_text_hel
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CQikAppUi::HandleWsEventL(const TWs
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4.9 Terminating the Application By
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debug stepping, variable watching,
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5.1 Strings and Memory To understan
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� HBufC* is a pointer to a heap-b
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strlen() doesn't include the traili
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The Des() function returns a TPtr c
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TBuf helloWorld(_L("hello")); greet
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TDes& parameters. Symbian OS itself
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5.4 More Text APIs Symbian OS uses
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encodings of Unicode that use seque
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Chapter 6: Error Handling and Clean
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Even user input errors can be handl
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Note It also demonstrates that the
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eak; So, the New 1 menu item alloca
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this line yourself, and then rerun
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case EMagicCmdNew2: delete iObject2
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If the new(ELeave) fails, then iObj
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If you're writing a function, and t
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} You can invoke these functions fr
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Any one of the calls to UseL() may
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case EMagicCmdUse4: { CY* y = new(E
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� Functions that can leave must o
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CZ::NewL() was actually coded waste
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TAny*. The cleanup code will deallo
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successfully). This means you have
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User::Leave(KErrNone). This appears
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systems outside my control, and res
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Chapter 7: Resource Files Overview
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Data Type Description BUF A Unicode
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} MENU_ITEM { command = EExampleCmd
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A single resource file supports 409
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Filename Description EeikCmdExit, a
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RESOURCE MENU_PANE r_hellogui_hello
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0E [uncompressed data run length] 0
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Chapter 8: Basic APIs Overview We'v
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IMPORT_C void Write(TInt aPos, cons
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_LIT8(KTxt2," world"); buf->InsertL
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Dynamic buffers are also used to st
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Class name Description [*] CArrayFi
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In v7.0, the structure of ROM image
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} In a function such as FormatList(
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library. The next few pages should
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Using this technique, your program
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� The original program consisted
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pointer, and no method of directly
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Figure 9.1 It's a pretty Spartan di
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Note 9.2.3 The Controller As descri
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TInt iLength; // Length - determine
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void SetHit(TInt aX, TInt aY); // H
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The functions to do this are Functi
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User::After(1) is guaranteed to wai
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{ public: // Construct/destruct/set
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This begins by creating a new windo
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); aRect.iTl.iX+iBorderSize+i*iTile
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else gc.SetPenColor(KRgbYellow); gc
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control framework needs to know whe
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the board. It then uses these coord
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Calculate board size in twips, and
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iRightBorder.Move(offset); iBoardRe
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private: // Construct/restore void
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ViewCmdHitFleet() shows how the con
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There are no surprises in the comma
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}; MENU_ITEM {command=EEikCmdZoomIn
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The framework handles creating a fi
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void TShip::ExternalizeL(RWriteStre
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void CGameAppUi::HandleCommandL(TIn
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the target view. Because such messa
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TInt iCursorX; TInt iCursorY; TUid
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display area) and to handle a parti
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Create and load a bitmap iHideBitma
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This version formats the message ID
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Chapter 10: Dialogs and Concrete Co
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Figure 10.2 I got this by typing Ct
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Finally, note that buttons can't be
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for 'control'. I'll always use 'con
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CEikDialog* dialog = new(ELeave) CE
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Simply put, the dialog has a title,
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OK is handled by OkToExitL(). In fa
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Any of the checks or file operation
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}; id = EGameControlIdProtocol; con
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Listen"; } type = EEikCtChoiceList;
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TUid protocol = TUid::Uid(choicelis
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10.3.2 Adding Buttons If you want t
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Function Description virtual void S
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� specify initialization data for
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CEikBorderedControl CEikBorderedCon
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� eikon.rh and Qikon.rh contain t
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Class Header ID CEikGlobalTextEdito
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UIs provide many other standard dia
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Figure 11.1 As it happens, this scr
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gc.DrawText(*iHelloWorld, rect, bas
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The two points that define Trect ca
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The clipping region defines the reg
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virtual void DrawBitmap(const TRect
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Figure 11.5 From the diagram: � T
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In theory, then, you don't need to
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So far, we have suggested that you
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DrawBorders(); DrawTiles(); } but t
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It turns out that working out exact
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Now it's time to be precise about h
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Figure 11.10 It has a single window
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{ public: . . . static CExampleHell
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case 2: return EAmountOfControls; }
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finished. When the BeginRedraw()fun
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Default settings are assured here:
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First and foremost, a control is a
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class CCoeControl : public CBase {
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You can set a control's position an
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IMPORT_C virtual void Draw(const TR
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� If you select OK on a dialog -
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In this chapter, I've concentrated
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TKeyResponse COppFleetView::OfferKe
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TEventCode is the type of window se
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notification, and changing the curs
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From the preceding discussion, it s
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� if the Set interval button is s
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� The general-purpose control des
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private: ... MCoeControlObserver* i
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Special-purpose events should be ha
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Figure 12.4 Key events are offered
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A control should change its appeara
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12.4.3 Grabbing the Pointer-down Co
Page 343 and 344: ProcessPointerEventL() implements t
Page 345 and 346: In the last chapter, we concentrate
Page 347 and 348: making them lighter or darker. For
Page 349 and 350: Chapter 13: Files, Streams, and Sto
Page 351 and 352: Note Strictly, documents are not th
Page 353 and 354: Figure 13.2 The file server provide
Page 355 and 356: � changing directory and file att
Page 357 and 358: important in Symbian OS, so it's pr
Page 359 and 360: Figure 13.5: � Write file allows
Page 361 and 362: TryChangeFocusToL(EExampleControlId
Page 363 and 364: file.Close(); // Finished with user
Page 365 and 366: Update view iAppView->DrawNow(); }
Page 367 and 368: } // Finish CleanupStack::PopAndDes
Page 369 and 370: external stream and de-serialize wh
Page 371 and 372: RwriteStream Functions RReadStream
Page 373 and 374: You'll remember that I used this, w
Page 375 and 376: Technique Application descriptor wh
Page 377 and 378: Let's consider the file format of t
Page 379 and 380: � create, write, and close the ap
Page 381 and 382: Figure 13.10 The main document is a
Page 383 and 384: through the DBMS. For more on using
Page 385 and 386: Figure 13.13 There is a small class
Page 387 and 388: � Where an application's .ini fil
Page 389 and 390: The first step of the process is to
Page 391 and 392: END SOURCE 1 icon2mask.bmp SOURCE c
Page 393: id=EHelloGuiCmd0; flags=EEikToolBar
Page 397 and 398: For the purpose of this book, we'll
Page 399 and 400: #include RESOURCE AIF_DATA { capti
Page 401 and 402: 1 file(s) copied. When this has fin
Page 403 and 404: The way the Certificate Generator w
Page 405 and 406: The body of this file should be obv
Page 407 and 408: Don't expect the installed applicat
Page 409 and 410: � Every application should fill t
Page 411 and 412: � Use bold style for active text
Page 413 and 414: Overview This chapter discusses wri
Page 415 and 416: Class Description CExampleApplicati
Page 417 and 418: Class Description Figure 15.3 conta
Page 419 and 420: aDeviceRect.Center().iY - boxInPixe
Page 421 and 422: } fontSpec)); The key function here
Page 423 and 424: The second case will cause problems
Page 425 and 426: I'm careful to draw every pixel: I
Page 427 and 428: SetZoomOutL() works the other way r
Page 429 and 430: ealistic print code would take acco
Page 431 and 432: Figure 15.7 The base class for bitm
Page 433 and 434: lit them efficiently from a shared
Page 435 and 436: #define KRgbYellow TRgb(0x00ffff) #
Page 437 and 438: world colors mapped down onto black
Page 439 and 440: Figure 15.8 The GUI used in the Psi
Page 441 and 442: In terms of applications, the appli
Page 443 and 444: Overview So far in this book, we've
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Figure 16.2 The starting point for
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if (iController->Engine().IsMyTurn(
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device, I will have to publish thes
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� If your request didn't get thro
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Communications is full of this kind
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The game will connect and you can s
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Figure 16.9 The controller contains
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iEngine->iOppFleet.SetShipType(aX,
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if(!iController->IsMyTurn()) iEikon
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Of course, the opponent's response
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wrong with it. And it may not alway
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fleet.SetHit(x,y); // update view i
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With this scheme, each chat message
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For a minimum level of skill, the c
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CONE maintains an outstanding reque
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Figure 17.2 It is also worth mentio
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some function that will later gener
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So the scheduler handles precisely
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CActive implements the Cancel() fun
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A RunL() function can stop the acti
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}; Figure 17.9 Member functions her
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Function Description Stop() Decreas
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17.3.1 Maintaining an Outstanding R
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Change visibility of app view text
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static CMultiPartHello* NewL(CActiv
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iTimer.After(iStatus, iDelay); SetA
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I prefer to hide active objects fro
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In active objects, higher priority
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Figure 18.1 Some simple server tran
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A new session has a handle that is
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Figure 18.4 Before any subsessions
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Figure 18.5 When the buffer is full
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Related servers can be run in the s
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� Request the window server to dr
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This is because, when a client thre
Page 515 and 516:
Figure 18.8 18.4.1 Thread Basics Th
Page 517 and 518:
GetDesLength() return this as their
Page 519 and 520:
class RSessionBase : public RHandle
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RSubSessionBase - client-side sub-s
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Bootstrap code for a server should
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The CSharableSession class provides
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RMessage is not intended for deriva
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The GSDP server presented here has
Page 531 and 532:
IMPORT_C TInt GetGdpProtocolInfo(TI
Page 533 and 534:
with all four slots, even if you do
Page 535 and 536:
}; RGsdpSession::Listen() calls CGs
Page 537 and 538:
inline RGsdpSession() : iHandler(0)
Page 539 and 540:
If, in the first step above, the ke
Page 541 and 542:
The GSDP client API implements a sy
Page 543 and 544:
� Function() gives me the request
Page 545 and 546:
Basically, the setter stores its ar
Page 547 and 548:
As we saw in Chapter 17, any API pr
Page 549 and 550:
Many Symbian OS servers use polymor
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construct shutdown timer iShutdown=
Page 553 and 554:
void CGsdpProtocolUpdater::RunL() {
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GSDP clients can select the protoco
Page 557 and 558:
} }; } }; } version_no = 1; display
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} aFromPort, aData); If iLastError
Page 561 and 562:
� The datagram arrives via a GDP
Page 563 and 564:
AddPacket() is a method provided by
Page 565 and 566:
iReceiveMessage.Complete(KErrNone);
Page 567 and 568:
� The client program launches a n
Page 569 and 570:
server.Close(); return died.Int();
Page 571 and 572:
CGsdpScheduler::TServerStart start;
Page 573 and 574:
aStart.SignalL(); CActiveScheduler:
Page 575 and 576:
19.4 Summary In this chapter, we've
Page 577 and 578:
Figure 20.1 Typically, a communicat
Page 579 and 580:
This encapsulation is important, as
Page 581 and 582:
else // Everything was OK, leave th
Page 583 and 584:
suite of protocols: UDP, TCP, ICMP
Page 585 and 586:
member of the GDP-SMS session objec
Page 587 and 588:
This puts it into an initial state,
Page 589 and 590:
void CGdpSmsSender::TSendMsgState::
Page 591 and 592:
If, for some reason, the operation
Page 593 and 594:
RSmsSocketReadStream readstream(iRe
Page 595 and 596:
Bluetooth is composed of a hierarch
Page 597 and 598:
Figure 20.10 shows two sequential o
Page 599 and 600:
As with GDP-SMS, the SendL() functi
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Once connected, the sockets interfa
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err = iListenSocket.Listen(4); User
Page 605 and 606:
iReceiver.iReadSocket.Read(iReceive
Page 607 and 608:
Appendix 1: Example Projects Overvi
Page 609 and 610:
AppForge development software integ
Page 611 and 612:
Psion has a long history of using S
Page 613 and 614:
Appendix 3: TOGS Guide and Referenc
Page 615 and 616:
protected: TUid iDtor_ID_Key; }; CG
Page 617 and 618:
eturn KErrNone; } TInt CGdpLoopback
Page 619 and 620:
packet to the initiating partner: t
Page 621 and 622:
inline RGsdpSession() : iHandler(0)
Page 623 and 624:
Function Description MGsdpPacketHan
Page 625 and 626:
RGCP TOGS is designed to support tu
Page 627 and 628:
Packet structure RGCP uses GSDP as
Page 629 and 630:
State Meaning responses are handled
Page 631 and 632:
Figure A3.10 Here's CRgcpSession's
Page 633 and 634:
void GsdpHandleL(const TDesC8& aDat
Page 635 and 636:
virtual void RgcpHandleBound() = 0;
Page 637 and 638:
State Meaning Listening You have ch
Page 639 and 640:
From To Occurs When other player, t
Page 641 and 642:
Opcode Name Details want-second.Res
Page 643 and 644:
Appendix 4: Emulator Reference Over
Page 645 and 646:
Figure A4.2 This source compatibili
Page 647 and 648:
Figure A4.5 An emulator configurati
Page 649 and 650:
Each Symbian OS .exe built for the
Page 651 and 652:
In different UIs, there can be addi
Page 653 and 654:
ARM data alignment rules are strict
Page 655 and 656:
Key Description W Dump full window
Page 657 and 658:
event handling threads 569 events,
Page 659 and 660:
Application Programming Interfaces
Page 661 and 662:
Boolean data type 55 Boss Puzzle di
Page 663 and 664:
CGsdpSession 650 CanReceivePacket()
Page 665 and 666:
certificate file 472 Certificate Ge
Page 667 and 668:
ServiceL error handling 646 CGsdpSe
Page 669 and 670:
CObjectIx class 614 CodeWarrior deb
Page 671 and 672:
context switching 27 performance is
Page 673 and 674:
CSession class 598, 614, 624 CShara
Page 675 and 676:
text 501 fonts 495 GDI 507 line dra
Page 677 and 678:
const rule, breaking 334 descriptio
Page 679 and 680:
DrawVerticalBorder() function 238 D
Page 681 and 682:
ExternalizeL() function 261 testing
Page 683 and 684:
files 416 copying to emulator 773 s
Page 685 and 686:
G game datagram protocol see GDP pr
Page 687 and 688:
drawing 237 zooming 245 GetZoom() f
Page 689 and 690:
graphics interaction 370 pick corre
Page 691 and 692:
Install() function CActiveScheduler
Page 693 and 694:
graphics interaction handling 370 O
Page 695 and 696:
summary 485 MakeVisible() function
Page 697 and 698:
multithreading 43 MVC 287 controlle
Page 699 and 700:
packets see datagrams palettes 516
Page 701 and 702:
private key 472 privilege boundarie
Page 703 and 704:
ReceiveAllL() 697 ReceivePacket() f
Page 705 and 706:
Revo 23 RFCOMM 701 RFile class 46 v
Page 707 and 708:
RWriteStream 425 streams 430 vs. RF
Page 709 and 710:
CGraphicsContext class 324 SetBrush
Page 711 and 712:
simple getter functions 60 single-p
Page 713 and 714:
Static() function CCoeEnv class 357
Page 715 and 716:
ESOCK sockets server 526 ETEL telep
Page 717 and 718:
TDisplayMode 516 Telephony server 6
Page 719 and 720:
TParsePtr 418 TParsePtrC 418 TPckg
Page 721 and 722:
derivation relationships 75 Unicode
Page 723:
flicker-free redraw 354 invalid reg
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