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Here are the main ingredients of a Symbian OS phone: � a CPU: Symbian OS is designed for 32-bit CPUs, running at lower speeds compared with CPUs in desktops or workstations. Typical Symbian OS systems are currently based on 100 MHz to 160 MHz ARM 9 CPUs. Future Symbian OS machines may use faster chips. � a ROM: the system ROM contains the OS and all the built-in middleware and applications. Compare this to a PC in which only a small bootstrap loader and BIOS are built into ROM, with OS and applications loaded from the hard disk. The system ROM is mapped as the z: drive. Everything in the ROM is accessible both as a file on z: and directly by reading the data from ROM. So programs are executed in-place, rather than being loaded into RAM and then executed as PC programs are. Symbian OS v7.0 machines use around 20 MB of ROM, though these days flash RAM is used more often. � system RAM: the system RAM is used for two purposes: RAM for use by active programs and the system kernel, and RAM used as 'disk' space accessed as the c: drive. The system uses as much as is needed for these purposes: you don't have to preallocate some RAM for one purpose and some for another. Since the total RAM on a typical machine is only around 16 MB, there is a real possibility that RAM may get exhausted, resulting in an out-of-memory error or a disk full error. Falling prices and increasing capacities of Flash memory mean that current devices increasingly use Flash (which has the additional advantage of not requiring constant power to retain its data) for these purposes. � I/O devices, including a screen with 'digitizer' for pen input, a keyboard that may need to be even more compact than those found on laptops – in modern Symbian OS phones, these are increasingly mobile phone style keyboards, a memory-card slot for additional 'disks' usually accessed as d:, a serial port for RS232, and connection to a PC; an infrared port, and Bluetooth for wireless transfer of data between Symbian OS phones and others such as Palm PDAs or Nokia Communicators, or for convenient wireless access to data modems on a suitable mobile phone and other devices. � Power sources, including main batteries and external power (from a mains adapter). The Nokia 9210 (Figure 2.1) has 14 MB ROM, and 8 MB (SD-RAM), a 16 MB MMC card in the standard sales package, 4096 color screen, and full keyboard. Figure 2.1 The Sony Ericsson P800 (Figures 2.2, 2.3) has 32 MB of flash, split between the c: drive and code, with support for extra memory through the use of Sony's Memory Stick. It features a 640 × 480 digital camera, and a 24-million color display. User input is achieved through the digitizer pen and use of the mobile phone keyboard.
Figure 2.2 Figure 2.3 Symbian OS OEMs have freedom to vary this basic specification quite widely. The Psion Revo has a smaller screen (480 × 160), and an in-built rechargeable battery instead of main and backup batteries. However, while it uses infrared for communication with other Symbian OS machines and compatible mobile phones, and a docking cradle for communication with PCs, the Psion Revo has no memory-card slot. The Psion Series 7 uses a 190 MHz StrongARM CPU, and has a 640 × 480 color screen. Modern devices such as the Nokia 7650 include new devices such as Digital Cameras and support for Picture Messaging along with increased support for networking, in particular Personal Area Networks (PANs), through support for Bluetooth. OEMs also have flexibility in the way they manage the ROM and deliver built-in applications. Applications can be delivered on a CD-ROM with the devices, to be installed into RAM if the user wants them, instead of being built into ROM. There's room for ingenuity in managing the ROM itself: the devices have only a very small bootstrap loader in ROM. On cold boot, they load a ROM image from the memory card into the system RAM using as much RAM as
Page 1 and 2: Table of Contents Symbian OS C++ fo
Page 3 and 4: Reprinted August 2003 All Rights Re
Page 5 and 6: � consultants, trainers, and auth
Page 7 and 8: Symbian OS C++ for Mobile Phones fo
Page 9 and 10: When you're ready to use the Symbia
Page 11 and 12: improvement. She has a reputation f
Page 13 and 14: John works in the partner projects
Page 15 and 16: If you've never seen Symbian OS bef
Page 17 and 18: within a particular application. In
Page 19 and 20: There are a number of other ways in
Page 21 and 22: programs - namely, to handle and re
Page 23 and 24: There is no need to trap the call t
Page 25 and 26: abld build winscw udeb The winscw p
Page 27 and 28: If you're curious, you might want t
Page 29 and 30: If your connectivity software does
Page 31: Chapter 2: System Structure Overvie
Page 35 and 36: Note Actually, for performance reas
Page 37 and 38: To be executed, an executable has t
Page 39 and 40: The kernel itself has two major com
Page 41 and 42: ROM handling is easy. The ROM consi
Page 43 and 44: You can control the stack size in a
Page 45 and 46: industry standard, slightly smaller
Page 47 and 48: A server also uses its own active o
Page 49 and 50: In order to minimize any difficulty
Page 51 and 52: � The top-level project name in t
Page 53 and 54: Title DLL Source Group Headers Desc
Page 55 and 56: Chapter 3: C++ and Object Orientati
Page 57 and 58: The fundamental rule is, use names
Page 59 and 60: Category Examples Description Const
Page 61 and 62: 3.2.6 Summary Naming conventions ar
Page 63 and 64: Convenience functions are trivial w
Page 65 and 66: � When declaring a virtual functi
Page 67 and 68: used in preference to old style C c
Page 69 and 70: Java uses interfaces too: in Java,
Page 71 and 72: � Whether these are private or pu
Page 73 and 74: If the cardinality is not 1-to-1, t
Page 75 and 76: Figure 4.1 At the bottom is the GDI
Page 77 and 78: In addition to the four C++ classes
Page 79 and 80: In addition, as indicated by the SO
Page 81 and 82: Figure 4.3 SDK and then browse to t
Page 83 and 84:
eturn KErrNone; } Important You mus
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private: // from CEikDocument CEikA
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ConstructL() performs second-phase
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hellogui's application view is a co
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The other things we haven't seen in
Page 93 and 94:
form described above advertises the
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} RESOURCE TBUF r_hellogui_text_hel
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CQikAppUi::HandleWsEventL(const TWs
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4.9 Terminating the Application By
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debug stepping, variable watching,
Page 103 and 104:
5.1 Strings and Memory To understan
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� HBufC* is a pointer to a heap-b
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strlen() doesn't include the traili
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The Des() function returns a TPtr c
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TBuf helloWorld(_L("hello")); greet
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TDes& parameters. Symbian OS itself
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5.4 More Text APIs Symbian OS uses
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encodings of Unicode that use seque
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Chapter 6: Error Handling and Clean
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Even user input errors can be handl
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Note It also demonstrates that the
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eak; So, the New 1 menu item alloca
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this line yourself, and then rerun
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case EMagicCmdNew2: delete iObject2
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If the new(ELeave) fails, then iObj
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If you're writing a function, and t
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} You can invoke these functions fr
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Any one of the calls to UseL() may
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case EMagicCmdUse4: { CY* y = new(E
Page 141 and 142:
� Functions that can leave must o
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CZ::NewL() was actually coded waste
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TAny*. The cleanup code will deallo
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successfully). This means you have
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User::Leave(KErrNone). This appears
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systems outside my control, and res
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Chapter 7: Resource Files Overview
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Data Type Description BUF A Unicode
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} MENU_ITEM { command = EExampleCmd
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A single resource file supports 409
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Filename Description EeikCmdExit, a
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RESOURCE MENU_PANE r_hellogui_hello
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0E [uncompressed data run length] 0
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Chapter 8: Basic APIs Overview We'v
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IMPORT_C void Write(TInt aPos, cons
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_LIT8(KTxt2," world"); buf->InsertL
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Dynamic buffers are also used to st
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Class name Description [*] CArrayFi
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In v7.0, the structure of ROM image
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} In a function such as FormatList(
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library. The next few pages should
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Using this technique, your program
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� The original program consisted
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pointer, and no method of directly
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Figure 9.1 It's a pretty Spartan di
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Note 9.2.3 The Controller As descri
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TInt iLength; // Length - determine
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void SetHit(TInt aX, TInt aY); // H
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The functions to do this are Functi
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User::After(1) is guaranteed to wai
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{ public: // Construct/destruct/set
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This begins by creating a new windo
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); aRect.iTl.iX+iBorderSize+i*iTile
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else gc.SetPenColor(KRgbYellow); gc
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control framework needs to know whe
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the board. It then uses these coord
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Calculate board size in twips, and
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iRightBorder.Move(offset); iBoardRe
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private: // Construct/restore void
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ViewCmdHitFleet() shows how the con
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There are no surprises in the comma
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}; MENU_ITEM {command=EEikCmdZoomIn
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The framework handles creating a fi
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void TShip::ExternalizeL(RWriteStre
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void CGameAppUi::HandleCommandL(TIn
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the target view. Because such messa
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TInt iCursorX; TInt iCursorY; TUid
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display area) and to handle a parti
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Create and load a bitmap iHideBitma
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This version formats the message ID
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Chapter 10: Dialogs and Concrete Co
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Figure 10.2 I got this by typing Ct
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Finally, note that buttons can't be
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for 'control'. I'll always use 'con
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CEikDialog* dialog = new(ELeave) CE
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Simply put, the dialog has a title,
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OK is handled by OkToExitL(). In fa
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Any of the checks or file operation
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}; id = EGameControlIdProtocol; con
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Listen"; } type = EEikCtChoiceList;
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TUid protocol = TUid::Uid(choicelis
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10.3.2 Adding Buttons If you want t
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Function Description virtual void S
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� specify initialization data for
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CEikBorderedControl CEikBorderedCon
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� eikon.rh and Qikon.rh contain t
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Class Header ID CEikGlobalTextEdito
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UIs provide many other standard dia
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Figure 11.1 As it happens, this scr
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gc.DrawText(*iHelloWorld, rect, bas
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The two points that define Trect ca
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The clipping region defines the reg
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virtual void DrawBitmap(const TRect
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Figure 11.5 From the diagram: � T
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In theory, then, you don't need to
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So far, we have suggested that you
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DrawBorders(); DrawTiles(); } but t
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It turns out that working out exact
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Now it's time to be precise about h
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Figure 11.10 It has a single window
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{ public: . . . static CExampleHell
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case 2: return EAmountOfControls; }
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finished. When the BeginRedraw()fun
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Default settings are assured here:
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First and foremost, a control is a
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class CCoeControl : public CBase {
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You can set a control's position an
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IMPORT_C virtual void Draw(const TR
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� If you select OK on a dialog -
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In this chapter, I've concentrated
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TKeyResponse COppFleetView::OfferKe
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TEventCode is the type of window se
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notification, and changing the curs
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From the preceding discussion, it s
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� if the Set interval button is s
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� The general-purpose control des
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private: ... MCoeControlObserver* i
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Special-purpose events should be ha
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Figure 12.4 Key events are offered
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A control should change its appeara
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12.4.3 Grabbing the Pointer-down Co
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ProcessPointerEventL() implements t
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In the last chapter, we concentrate
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making them lighter or darker. For
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Chapter 13: Files, Streams, and Sto
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Note Strictly, documents are not th
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Figure 13.2 The file server provide
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� changing directory and file att
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important in Symbian OS, so it's pr
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Figure 13.5: � Write file allows
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TryChangeFocusToL(EExampleControlId
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file.Close(); // Finished with user
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Update view iAppView->DrawNow(); }
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} // Finish CleanupStack::PopAndDes
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external stream and de-serialize wh
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RwriteStream Functions RReadStream
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You'll remember that I used this, w
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Technique Application descriptor wh
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Let's consider the file format of t
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� create, write, and close the ap
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Figure 13.10 The main document is a
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through the DBMS. For more on using
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Figure 13.13 There is a small class
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� Where an application's .ini fil
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The first step of the process is to
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END SOURCE 1 icon2mask.bmp SOURCE c
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id=EHelloGuiCmd0; flags=EEikToolBar
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Figure 14.4 abld build winscw udeb
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For the purpose of this book, we'll
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#include RESOURCE AIF_DATA { capti
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1 file(s) copied. When this has fin
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The way the Certificate Generator w
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The body of this file should be obv
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Don't expect the installed applicat
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� Every application should fill t
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� Use bold style for active text
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Overview This chapter discusses wri
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Class Description CExampleApplicati
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Class Description Figure 15.3 conta
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aDeviceRect.Center().iY - boxInPixe
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} fontSpec)); The key function here
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The second case will cause problems
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I'm careful to draw every pixel: I
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SetZoomOutL() works the other way r
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ealistic print code would take acco
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Figure 15.7 The base class for bitm
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lit them efficiently from a shared
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#define KRgbYellow TRgb(0x00ffff) #
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world colors mapped down onto black
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Figure 15.8 The GUI used in the Psi
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In terms of applications, the appli
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Overview So far in this book, we've
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Figure 16.2 The starting point for
Page 447 and 448:
if (iController->Engine().IsMyTurn(
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device, I will have to publish thes
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� If your request didn't get thro
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Communications is full of this kind
Page 455 and 456:
The game will connect and you can s
Page 457 and 458:
Figure 16.9 The controller contains
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iEngine->iOppFleet.SetShipType(aX,
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if(!iController->IsMyTurn()) iEikon
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Of course, the opponent's response
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wrong with it. And it may not alway
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fleet.SetHit(x,y); // update view i
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With this scheme, each chat message
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For a minimum level of skill, the c
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CONE maintains an outstanding reque
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Figure 17.2 It is also worth mentio
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some function that will later gener
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So the scheduler handles precisely
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CActive implements the Cancel() fun
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A RunL() function can stop the acti
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}; Figure 17.9 Member functions her
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Function Description Stop() Decreas
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17.3.1 Maintaining an Outstanding R
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Change visibility of app view text
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static CMultiPartHello* NewL(CActiv
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iTimer.After(iStatus, iDelay); SetA
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I prefer to hide active objects fro
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In active objects, higher priority
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Figure 18.1 Some simple server tran
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A new session has a handle that is
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Figure 18.4 Before any subsessions
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Figure 18.5 When the buffer is full
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Related servers can be run in the s
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� Request the window server to dr
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This is because, when a client thre
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Figure 18.8 18.4.1 Thread Basics Th
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GetDesLength() return this as their
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class RSessionBase : public RHandle
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RSubSessionBase - client-side sub-s
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Bootstrap code for a server should
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The CSharableSession class provides
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RMessage is not intended for deriva
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The GSDP server presented here has
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IMPORT_C TInt GetGdpProtocolInfo(TI
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with all four slots, even if you do
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}; RGsdpSession::Listen() calls CGs
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inline RGsdpSession() : iHandler(0)
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If, in the first step above, the ke
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The GSDP client API implements a sy
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� Function() gives me the request
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Basically, the setter stores its ar
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As we saw in Chapter 17, any API pr
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Many Symbian OS servers use polymor
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construct shutdown timer iShutdown=
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void CGsdpProtocolUpdater::RunL() {
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GSDP clients can select the protoco
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} }; } }; } version_no = 1; display
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} aFromPort, aData); If iLastError
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� The datagram arrives via a GDP
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AddPacket() is a method provided by
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iReceiveMessage.Complete(KErrNone);
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� The client program launches a n
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server.Close(); return died.Int();
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CGsdpScheduler::TServerStart start;
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aStart.SignalL(); CActiveScheduler:
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19.4 Summary In this chapter, we've
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Figure 20.1 Typically, a communicat
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This encapsulation is important, as
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else // Everything was OK, leave th
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suite of protocols: UDP, TCP, ICMP
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member of the GDP-SMS session objec
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This puts it into an initial state,
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void CGdpSmsSender::TSendMsgState::
Page 591 and 592:
If, for some reason, the operation
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RSmsSocketReadStream readstream(iRe
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Bluetooth is composed of a hierarch
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Figure 20.10 shows two sequential o
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As with GDP-SMS, the SendL() functi
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Once connected, the sockets interfa
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err = iListenSocket.Listen(4); User
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iReceiver.iReadSocket.Read(iReceive
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Appendix 1: Example Projects Overvi
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AppForge development software integ
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Psion has a long history of using S
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Appendix 3: TOGS Guide and Referenc
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protected: TUid iDtor_ID_Key; }; CG
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eturn KErrNone; } TInt CGdpLoopback
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packet to the initiating partner: t
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inline RGsdpSession() : iHandler(0)
Page 623 and 624:
Function Description MGsdpPacketHan
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RGCP TOGS is designed to support tu
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Packet structure RGCP uses GSDP as
Page 629 and 630:
State Meaning responses are handled
Page 631 and 632:
Figure A3.10 Here's CRgcpSession's
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void GsdpHandleL(const TDesC8& aDat
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virtual void RgcpHandleBound() = 0;
Page 637 and 638:
State Meaning Listening You have ch
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From To Occurs When other player, t
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Opcode Name Details want-second.Res
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Appendix 4: Emulator Reference Over
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Figure A4.2 This source compatibili
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Figure A4.5 An emulator configurati
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Each Symbian OS .exe built for the
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In different UIs, there can be addi
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ARM data alignment rules are strict
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Key Description W Dump full window
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event handling threads 569 events,
Page 659 and 660:
Application Programming Interfaces
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Boolean data type 55 Boss Puzzle di
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CGsdpSession 650 CanReceivePacket()
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certificate file 472 Certificate Ge
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ServiceL error handling 646 CGsdpSe
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CObjectIx class 614 CodeWarrior deb
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context switching 27 performance is
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CSession class 598, 614, 624 CShara
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text 501 fonts 495 GDI 507 line dra
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const rule, breaking 334 descriptio
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DrawVerticalBorder() function 238 D
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ExternalizeL() function 261 testing
Page 683 and 684:
files 416 copying to emulator 773 s
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G game datagram protocol see GDP pr
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drawing 237 zooming 245 GetZoom() f
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graphics interaction 370 pick corre
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Install() function CActiveScheduler
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graphics interaction handling 370 O
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summary 485 MakeVisible() function
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multithreading 43 MVC 287 controlle
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packets see datagrams palettes 516
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private key 472 privilege boundarie
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ReceiveAllL() 697 ReceivePacket() f
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Revo 23 RFCOMM 701 RFile class 46 v
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RWriteStream 425 streams 430 vs. RF
Page 709 and 710:
CGraphicsContext class 324 SetBrush
Page 711 and 712:
simple getter functions 60 single-p
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Static() function CCoeEnv class 357
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ESOCK sockets server 526 ETEL telep
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TDisplayMode 516 Telephony server 6
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TParsePtr 418 TParsePtrC 418 TPckg
Page 721 and 722:
derivation relationships 75 Unicode
Page 723:
flicker-free redraw 354 invalid reg
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