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programmers call 'hotkeys'. We decided that 'hotkeys' was too ambiguous or frightening for end users, so we chose a friendlier term to be used in the user interface, help text, and so on. Normally, a UIQ application would omit the hotkeys keyword and so not define any shortcut keys, since UIQ devices do not have a keyboard. The shortcut codes are not displayed in UIQ application menus, and are only usable while running the application in the emulator (which is the only reason for including one in this example). A UIQ application can specify a button bar by means of a toolbar keyword in the EIK_APP_INFO resource. I haven't included one here, since hellogui is a minimal application, but you will see examples of how this is done in later chapters. 4.5.2 Defining the Shortcut Keys and the Menu The application's shortcut keys are defined in a HOTKEYS resource, identified by the symbolic ID r_hellogui_hotkeys, which ties in with the symbolic ID given above in the EIK_APP_INFO resource: RESOURCE HOTKEYS r_hellogui_hotkeys } { control = { HOTKEY }; Note { command = EEikCmdExit; key = "e"; } Those upper and lower case letters can make you seasick. The reason for them is lost in the mists of time: the resource compiler predates Symbian OS by several years. The syntax is a bit bizarre (control = identifies all shortcut keys identified by a Ctrl+ key combination, so that EEikCmdExit is on Ctrl+E ). As I pointed out earlier, you would not normally be defining shortcut keys for a UIQ or Series 60 application, given that these devices do not have keyboards. Symbian OS menus don't support the kind of shortcut keys found in Windows and other desktop systems that allow you to select File | Close using Alt+F, C. In Symbian OS applications for UIs that support their use, you either have to use the shortcut key (e.g. Ctrl+E – and displayed as such alongside the corresponding menu item) or navigate manually to the item. Note We considered the Windows way seriously but rejected it on the grounds that it makes the menus look ugly, and most average Windows users don't understand what the underscores mean anyway. [Displaying shortcuts in the
form described above advertises the facility in a way that anyone can understand, without a manual or training]. The final resource that's promised by EIK_APP_INFO is as follows: the menu specification: RESOURCE MENU_BAR r_hellogui_menubar } { titles = { MENU_TITLE { menu_pane = r_hellogui_hello_menu; txt = "HelloGui"; }, MENU_TITLE }; { menu_pane = r_hellogui_edit_menu; txt = "Edit"; } This menu bar has two named menu panes, which are defined in the following resources: RESOURCE MENU_PANE r_hellogui_hello_menu { items = { MENU_ITEM { command = EHelloGuiCmd0; txt = "Item 0"; }, MENU_ITEM { command = EEikCmdExit; txt = "Close (debug)"; } }; } RESOURCE MENU_PANE r_hellogui_edit_menu {
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Table of Contents Symbian OS C++ fo
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Reprinted August 2003 All Rights Re
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� consultants, trainers, and auth
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Symbian OS C++ for Mobile Phones fo
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When you're ready to use the Symbia
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improvement. She has a reputation f
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John works in the partner projects
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If you've never seen Symbian OS bef
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within a particular application. In
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There are a number of other ways in
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programs - namely, to handle and re
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There is no need to trap the call t
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abld build winscw udeb The winscw p
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If you're curious, you might want t
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If your connectivity software does
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Chapter 2: System Structure Overvie
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Figure 2.2 Figure 2.3 Symbian OS OE
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Note Actually, for performance reas
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To be executed, an executable has t
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The kernel itself has two major com
Page 41 and 42: ROM handling is easy. The ROM consi
Page 43 and 44: You can control the stack size in a
Page 45 and 46: industry standard, slightly smaller
Page 47 and 48: A server also uses its own active o
Page 49 and 50: In order to minimize any difficulty
Page 51 and 52: � The top-level project name in t
Page 53 and 54: Title DLL Source Group Headers Desc
Page 55 and 56: Chapter 3: C++ and Object Orientati
Page 57 and 58: The fundamental rule is, use names
Page 59 and 60: Category Examples Description Const
Page 61 and 62: 3.2.6 Summary Naming conventions ar
Page 63 and 64: Convenience functions are trivial w
Page 65 and 66: � When declaring a virtual functi
Page 67 and 68: used in preference to old style C c
Page 69 and 70: Java uses interfaces too: in Java,
Page 71 and 72: � Whether these are private or pu
Page 73 and 74: If the cardinality is not 1-to-1, t
Page 75 and 76: Figure 4.1 At the bottom is the GDI
Page 77 and 78: In addition to the four C++ classes
Page 79 and 80: In addition, as indicated by the SO
Page 81 and 82: Figure 4.3 SDK and then browse to t
Page 83 and 84: eturn KErrNone; } Important You mus
Page 85 and 86: private: // from CEikDocument CEikA
Page 87 and 88: ConstructL() performs second-phase
Page 89 and 90: hellogui's application view is a co
Page 91: The other things we haven't seen in
Page 95 and 96: } RESOURCE TBUF r_hellogui_text_hel
Page 97 and 98: CQikAppUi::HandleWsEventL(const TWs
Page 99 and 100: 4.9 Terminating the Application By
Page 101 and 102: debug stepping, variable watching,
Page 103 and 104: 5.1 Strings and Memory To understan
Page 105 and 106: � HBufC* is a pointer to a heap-b
Page 107 and 108: strlen() doesn't include the traili
Page 109 and 110: The Des() function returns a TPtr c
Page 111 and 112: TBuf helloWorld(_L("hello")); greet
Page 113 and 114: TDes& parameters. Symbian OS itself
Page 115 and 116: 5.4 More Text APIs Symbian OS uses
Page 117 and 118: encodings of Unicode that use seque
Page 119 and 120: Chapter 6: Error Handling and Clean
Page 121 and 122: Even user input errors can be handl
Page 123 and 124: Note It also demonstrates that the
Page 125 and 126: eak; So, the New 1 menu item alloca
Page 127 and 128: this line yourself, and then rerun
Page 129 and 130: case EMagicCmdNew2: delete iObject2
Page 131 and 132: If the new(ELeave) fails, then iObj
Page 133 and 134: If you're writing a function, and t
Page 135 and 136: } You can invoke these functions fr
Page 137 and 138: Any one of the calls to UseL() may
Page 139 and 140: case EMagicCmdUse4: { CY* y = new(E
Page 141 and 142: � Functions that can leave must o
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CZ::NewL() was actually coded waste
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TAny*. The cleanup code will deallo
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successfully). This means you have
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User::Leave(KErrNone). This appears
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systems outside my control, and res
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Chapter 7: Resource Files Overview
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Data Type Description BUF A Unicode
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} MENU_ITEM { command = EExampleCmd
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A single resource file supports 409
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Filename Description EeikCmdExit, a
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RESOURCE MENU_PANE r_hellogui_hello
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0E [uncompressed data run length] 0
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Chapter 8: Basic APIs Overview We'v
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IMPORT_C void Write(TInt aPos, cons
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_LIT8(KTxt2," world"); buf->InsertL
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Dynamic buffers are also used to st
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Class name Description [*] CArrayFi
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In v7.0, the structure of ROM image
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} In a function such as FormatList(
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library. The next few pages should
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Using this technique, your program
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� The original program consisted
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pointer, and no method of directly
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Figure 9.1 It's a pretty Spartan di
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Note 9.2.3 The Controller As descri
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TInt iLength; // Length - determine
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void SetHit(TInt aX, TInt aY); // H
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The functions to do this are Functi
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User::After(1) is guaranteed to wai
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{ public: // Construct/destruct/set
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This begins by creating a new windo
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); aRect.iTl.iX+iBorderSize+i*iTile
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else gc.SetPenColor(KRgbYellow); gc
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control framework needs to know whe
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the board. It then uses these coord
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Calculate board size in twips, and
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iRightBorder.Move(offset); iBoardRe
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private: // Construct/restore void
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ViewCmdHitFleet() shows how the con
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There are no surprises in the comma
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}; MENU_ITEM {command=EEikCmdZoomIn
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The framework handles creating a fi
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void TShip::ExternalizeL(RWriteStre
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void CGameAppUi::HandleCommandL(TIn
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the target view. Because such messa
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TInt iCursorX; TInt iCursorY; TUid
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display area) and to handle a parti
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Create and load a bitmap iHideBitma
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This version formats the message ID
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Chapter 10: Dialogs and Concrete Co
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Figure 10.2 I got this by typing Ct
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Finally, note that buttons can't be
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for 'control'. I'll always use 'con
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CEikDialog* dialog = new(ELeave) CE
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Simply put, the dialog has a title,
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OK is handled by OkToExitL(). In fa
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Any of the checks or file operation
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}; id = EGameControlIdProtocol; con
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Listen"; } type = EEikCtChoiceList;
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TUid protocol = TUid::Uid(choicelis
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10.3.2 Adding Buttons If you want t
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Function Description virtual void S
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� specify initialization data for
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CEikBorderedControl CEikBorderedCon
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� eikon.rh and Qikon.rh contain t
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Class Header ID CEikGlobalTextEdito
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UIs provide many other standard dia
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Figure 11.1 As it happens, this scr
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gc.DrawText(*iHelloWorld, rect, bas
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The two points that define Trect ca
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The clipping region defines the reg
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virtual void DrawBitmap(const TRect
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Figure 11.5 From the diagram: � T
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In theory, then, you don't need to
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So far, we have suggested that you
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DrawBorders(); DrawTiles(); } but t
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It turns out that working out exact
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Now it's time to be precise about h
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Figure 11.10 It has a single window
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{ public: . . . static CExampleHell
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case 2: return EAmountOfControls; }
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finished. When the BeginRedraw()fun
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Default settings are assured here:
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First and foremost, a control is a
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class CCoeControl : public CBase {
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You can set a control's position an
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IMPORT_C virtual void Draw(const TR
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� If you select OK on a dialog -
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In this chapter, I've concentrated
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TKeyResponse COppFleetView::OfferKe
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TEventCode is the type of window se
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notification, and changing the curs
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From the preceding discussion, it s
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� if the Set interval button is s
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� The general-purpose control des
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private: ... MCoeControlObserver* i
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Special-purpose events should be ha
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Figure 12.4 Key events are offered
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A control should change its appeara
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12.4.3 Grabbing the Pointer-down Co
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ProcessPointerEventL() implements t
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In the last chapter, we concentrate
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making them lighter or darker. For
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Chapter 13: Files, Streams, and Sto
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Note Strictly, documents are not th
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Figure 13.2 The file server provide
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� changing directory and file att
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important in Symbian OS, so it's pr
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Figure 13.5: � Write file allows
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TryChangeFocusToL(EExampleControlId
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file.Close(); // Finished with user
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Update view iAppView->DrawNow(); }
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} // Finish CleanupStack::PopAndDes
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external stream and de-serialize wh
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RwriteStream Functions RReadStream
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You'll remember that I used this, w
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Technique Application descriptor wh
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Let's consider the file format of t
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� create, write, and close the ap
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Figure 13.10 The main document is a
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through the DBMS. For more on using
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Figure 13.13 There is a small class
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� Where an application's .ini fil
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The first step of the process is to
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END SOURCE 1 icon2mask.bmp SOURCE c
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id=EHelloGuiCmd0; flags=EEikToolBar
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Figure 14.4 abld build winscw udeb
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For the purpose of this book, we'll
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#include RESOURCE AIF_DATA { capti
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1 file(s) copied. When this has fin
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The way the Certificate Generator w
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The body of this file should be obv
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Don't expect the installed applicat
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� Every application should fill t
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� Use bold style for active text
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Overview This chapter discusses wri
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Class Description CExampleApplicati
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Class Description Figure 15.3 conta
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aDeviceRect.Center().iY - boxInPixe
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} fontSpec)); The key function here
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The second case will cause problems
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I'm careful to draw every pixel: I
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SetZoomOutL() works the other way r
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ealistic print code would take acco
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Figure 15.7 The base class for bitm
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lit them efficiently from a shared
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#define KRgbYellow TRgb(0x00ffff) #
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world colors mapped down onto black
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Figure 15.8 The GUI used in the Psi
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In terms of applications, the appli
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Overview So far in this book, we've
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Figure 16.2 The starting point for
Page 447 and 448:
if (iController->Engine().IsMyTurn(
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device, I will have to publish thes
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� If your request didn't get thro
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Communications is full of this kind
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The game will connect and you can s
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Figure 16.9 The controller contains
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iEngine->iOppFleet.SetShipType(aX,
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if(!iController->IsMyTurn()) iEikon
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Of course, the opponent's response
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wrong with it. And it may not alway
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fleet.SetHit(x,y); // update view i
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With this scheme, each chat message
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For a minimum level of skill, the c
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CONE maintains an outstanding reque
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Figure 17.2 It is also worth mentio
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some function that will later gener
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So the scheduler handles precisely
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CActive implements the Cancel() fun
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A RunL() function can stop the acti
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}; Figure 17.9 Member functions her
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Function Description Stop() Decreas
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17.3.1 Maintaining an Outstanding R
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Change visibility of app view text
Page 493 and 494:
static CMultiPartHello* NewL(CActiv
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iTimer.After(iStatus, iDelay); SetA
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I prefer to hide active objects fro
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In active objects, higher priority
Page 501 and 502:
Figure 18.1 Some simple server tran
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A new session has a handle that is
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Figure 18.4 Before any subsessions
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Figure 18.5 When the buffer is full
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Related servers can be run in the s
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� Request the window server to dr
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This is because, when a client thre
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Figure 18.8 18.4.1 Thread Basics Th
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GetDesLength() return this as their
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class RSessionBase : public RHandle
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RSubSessionBase - client-side sub-s
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Bootstrap code for a server should
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The CSharableSession class provides
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RMessage is not intended for deriva
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The GSDP server presented here has
Page 531 and 532:
IMPORT_C TInt GetGdpProtocolInfo(TI
Page 533 and 534:
with all four slots, even if you do
Page 535 and 536:
}; RGsdpSession::Listen() calls CGs
Page 537 and 538:
inline RGsdpSession() : iHandler(0)
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If, in the first step above, the ke
Page 541 and 542:
The GSDP client API implements a sy
Page 543 and 544:
� Function() gives me the request
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Basically, the setter stores its ar
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As we saw in Chapter 17, any API pr
Page 549 and 550:
Many Symbian OS servers use polymor
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construct shutdown timer iShutdown=
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void CGsdpProtocolUpdater::RunL() {
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GSDP clients can select the protoco
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} }; } }; } version_no = 1; display
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} aFromPort, aData); If iLastError
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� The datagram arrives via a GDP
Page 563 and 564:
AddPacket() is a method provided by
Page 565 and 566:
iReceiveMessage.Complete(KErrNone);
Page 567 and 568:
� The client program launches a n
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server.Close(); return died.Int();
Page 571 and 572:
CGsdpScheduler::TServerStart start;
Page 573 and 574:
aStart.SignalL(); CActiveScheduler:
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19.4 Summary In this chapter, we've
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Figure 20.1 Typically, a communicat
Page 579 and 580:
This encapsulation is important, as
Page 581 and 582:
else // Everything was OK, leave th
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suite of protocols: UDP, TCP, ICMP
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member of the GDP-SMS session objec
Page 587 and 588:
This puts it into an initial state,
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void CGdpSmsSender::TSendMsgState::
Page 591 and 592:
If, for some reason, the operation
Page 593 and 594:
RSmsSocketReadStream readstream(iRe
Page 595 and 596:
Bluetooth is composed of a hierarch
Page 597 and 598:
Figure 20.10 shows two sequential o
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As with GDP-SMS, the SendL() functi
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Once connected, the sockets interfa
Page 603 and 604:
err = iListenSocket.Listen(4); User
Page 605 and 606:
iReceiver.iReadSocket.Read(iReceive
Page 607 and 608:
Appendix 1: Example Projects Overvi
Page 609 and 610:
AppForge development software integ
Page 611 and 612:
Psion has a long history of using S
Page 613 and 614:
Appendix 3: TOGS Guide and Referenc
Page 615 and 616:
protected: TUid iDtor_ID_Key; }; CG
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eturn KErrNone; } TInt CGdpLoopback
Page 619 and 620:
packet to the initiating partner: t
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inline RGsdpSession() : iHandler(0)
Page 623 and 624:
Function Description MGsdpPacketHan
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RGCP TOGS is designed to support tu
Page 627 and 628:
Packet structure RGCP uses GSDP as
Page 629 and 630:
State Meaning responses are handled
Page 631 and 632:
Figure A3.10 Here's CRgcpSession's
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void GsdpHandleL(const TDesC8& aDat
Page 635 and 636:
virtual void RgcpHandleBound() = 0;
Page 637 and 638:
State Meaning Listening You have ch
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From To Occurs When other player, t
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Opcode Name Details want-second.Res
Page 643 and 644:
Appendix 4: Emulator Reference Over
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Figure A4.2 This source compatibili
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Figure A4.5 An emulator configurati
Page 649 and 650:
Each Symbian OS .exe built for the
Page 651 and 652:
In different UIs, there can be addi
Page 653 and 654:
ARM data alignment rules are strict
Page 655 and 656:
Key Description W Dump full window
Page 657 and 658:
event handling threads 569 events,
Page 659 and 660:
Application Programming Interfaces
Page 661 and 662:
Boolean data type 55 Boss Puzzle di
Page 663 and 664:
CGsdpSession 650 CanReceivePacket()
Page 665 and 666:
certificate file 472 Certificate Ge
Page 667 and 668:
ServiceL error handling 646 CGsdpSe
Page 669 and 670:
CObjectIx class 614 CodeWarrior deb
Page 671 and 672:
context switching 27 performance is
Page 673 and 674:
CSession class 598, 614, 624 CShara
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text 501 fonts 495 GDI 507 line dra
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const rule, breaking 334 descriptio
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DrawVerticalBorder() function 238 D
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ExternalizeL() function 261 testing
Page 683 and 684:
files 416 copying to emulator 773 s
Page 685 and 686:
G game datagram protocol see GDP pr
Page 687 and 688:
drawing 237 zooming 245 GetZoom() f
Page 689 and 690:
graphics interaction 370 pick corre
Page 691 and 692:
Install() function CActiveScheduler
Page 693 and 694:
graphics interaction handling 370 O
Page 695 and 696:
summary 485 MakeVisible() function
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multithreading 43 MVC 287 controlle
Page 699 and 700:
packets see datagrams palettes 516
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private key 472 privilege boundarie
Page 703 and 704:
ReceiveAllL() 697 ReceivePacket() f
Page 705 and 706:
Revo 23 RFCOMM 701 RFile class 46 v
Page 707 and 708:
RWriteStream 425 streams 430 vs. RF
Page 709 and 710:
CGraphicsContext class 324 SetBrush
Page 711 and 712:
simple getter functions 60 single-p
Page 713 and 714:
Static() function CCoeEnv class 357
Page 715 and 716:
ESOCK sockets server 526 ETEL telep
Page 717 and 718:
TDisplayMode 516 Telephony server 6
Page 719 and 720:
TParsePtr 418 TParsePtrC 418 TPckg
Page 721 and 722:
derivation relationships 75 Unicode
Page 723:
flicker-free redraw 354 invalid reg
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