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RESOURCE HOTKEYS r_game_hotkeys } { control= { HOTKEY { command=EEikCmdExit; key="e"; }, HOTKEY { command=EEikCmdZoomIn; key="m"; }, HOTKEY { command=EGameCmdStart; key="n"; } HOTKEY { command=EEikCmdZoomOut; key="o"; } }; RESOURCE MENU_BAR r_game_menubar { titles= { MENU_TITLE { menu_pane=r_game_file_menu; txt=STRING_r_game_file_menu; }, MENU_TITLE { menu_pane=r_game_view_menu; txt=STRING_r_game_view_menu; } }; } RESOURCE MENU_PANE r_game_file_menu { items= { MENU_ITEM { command=EGameCmdStart; txt= STRING_r_game_EGameCmdStart; }, MENU_ITEM { command=EEikCmdExit; txt= STRING_r_game_EEikCmdExit; } }; } RESOURCE MENU_PANE r_game_view_menu { items= {
}; MENU_ITEM {command=EEikCmdZoomIn; txt=STRING_r_game_EEikCmdZoomIn; }, MENU_ITEM {command=EEikCmdZoomOut; } txt=STRING_r_game_EEikCmdZoomOut;} RESOURCE TBUF r_game_reset { buf=STRING_r_game_reset; } RESOURCE TBUF r_game_already_known { buf=STRING_r_game_reset; } RESOURCE TBUF r_game_query_abandon { buf=STRING_r_game_query_abandon; } RESOURCE TBUF r_game_congratulations { buf=STRING_r_game_congratulations; } There are only four hotkeys (zoom in and out, new-game, and exit), and two menus, with two options each (new-game and exit, zoom in and zoom out). In addition, there are three strings for use in info-messages and one for use in a query dialog. Note Released UIQ applications should not have an Exit command, though it can be useful in debug builds for checking against memory leaks. But I'm not following the UIQ style guide very closely for this application. The other app UI functions are all related to persistence. I've been saving up that topic for a section of its own, so now's the time to tackle it. 9.8 Persistence A key decision for the user interface designs that run on Symbian OS is whether to expose the file system to the end user or not. Typically, the designs that run on communicator/PDA machines (Psion PDAs, Nokia 9200 family) do allow users to interact directly with files, while designs for phones (UIQ, Nokia Series 60) don't. A directly exposed file system can confuse users, and gives an experience more like using a PC than a phone. At a certain level, whether the file system is exposed or not is irrelevant to a program's data storage: in either case, a file system exists, and is where persistent data is stored. But when designing how your application interacts with the user, this is a crucial consideration. UIQ applications that allow the user to select an item (what in the PC world would be called a 'document') to work on, such as the Jotter application, each must invent their own means of presenting the available items, and allowing the user to pick one. The application framework, historically first developed for PDAs, was designed with an expectation that the file system would be exposed, and therefore comes with functionality that enables shell programs to interact with suitably-written applications to load, save, and switch between files. An application that follows the required rules is called a file-based application. The chief requirement for a file-based application is that each running instance must have exactly one external document associated with it. Depending on how the application is launched from the shell, the framework can instruct to the application to either load a specified existing document or to create a new empty document. The framework can also instruct an already running application to switch to using another document. Three familiar cases from the Windows world are impossible:
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Table of Contents Symbian OS C++ fo
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Reprinted August 2003 All Rights Re
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� consultants, trainers, and auth
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Symbian OS C++ for Mobile Phones fo
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When you're ready to use the Symbia
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improvement. She has a reputation f
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John works in the partner projects
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If you've never seen Symbian OS bef
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within a particular application. In
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There are a number of other ways in
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programs - namely, to handle and re
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There is no need to trap the call t
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abld build winscw udeb The winscw p
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If you're curious, you might want t
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If your connectivity software does
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Chapter 2: System Structure Overvie
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Figure 2.2 Figure 2.3 Symbian OS OE
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Note Actually, for performance reas
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To be executed, an executable has t
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The kernel itself has two major com
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ROM handling is easy. The ROM consi
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You can control the stack size in a
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industry standard, slightly smaller
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A server also uses its own active o
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In order to minimize any difficulty
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� The top-level project name in t
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Title DLL Source Group Headers Desc
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Chapter 3: C++ and Object Orientati
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The fundamental rule is, use names
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Category Examples Description Const
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3.2.6 Summary Naming conventions ar
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Convenience functions are trivial w
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� When declaring a virtual functi
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used in preference to old style C c
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Java uses interfaces too: in Java,
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� Whether these are private or pu
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If the cardinality is not 1-to-1, t
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Figure 4.1 At the bottom is the GDI
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In addition to the four C++ classes
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In addition, as indicated by the SO
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Figure 4.3 SDK and then browse to t
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eturn KErrNone; } Important You mus
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private: // from CEikDocument CEikA
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ConstructL() performs second-phase
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hellogui's application view is a co
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The other things we haven't seen in
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form described above advertises the
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} RESOURCE TBUF r_hellogui_text_hel
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CQikAppUi::HandleWsEventL(const TWs
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4.9 Terminating the Application By
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debug stepping, variable watching,
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5.1 Strings and Memory To understan
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� HBufC* is a pointer to a heap-b
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strlen() doesn't include the traili
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The Des() function returns a TPtr c
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TBuf helloWorld(_L("hello")); greet
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TDes& parameters. Symbian OS itself
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5.4 More Text APIs Symbian OS uses
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encodings of Unicode that use seque
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Chapter 6: Error Handling and Clean
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Even user input errors can be handl
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Note It also demonstrates that the
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eak; So, the New 1 menu item alloca
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this line yourself, and then rerun
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case EMagicCmdNew2: delete iObject2
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If the new(ELeave) fails, then iObj
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If you're writing a function, and t
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} You can invoke these functions fr
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Any one of the calls to UseL() may
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case EMagicCmdUse4: { CY* y = new(E
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� Functions that can leave must o
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CZ::NewL() was actually coded waste
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TAny*. The cleanup code will deallo
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successfully). This means you have
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User::Leave(KErrNone). This appears
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systems outside my control, and res
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Chapter 7: Resource Files Overview
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Data Type Description BUF A Unicode
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} MENU_ITEM { command = EExampleCmd
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A single resource file supports 409
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Filename Description EeikCmdExit, a
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RESOURCE MENU_PANE r_hellogui_hello
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0E [uncompressed data run length] 0
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Chapter 8: Basic APIs Overview We'v
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IMPORT_C void Write(TInt aPos, cons
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Page 173 and 174: Dynamic buffers are also used to st
Page 175 and 176: Class name Description [*] CArrayFi
Page 177 and 178: In v7.0, the structure of ROM image
Page 179 and 180: } In a function such as FormatList(
Page 181 and 182: library. The next few pages should
Page 183 and 184: Using this technique, your program
Page 185 and 186: � The original program consisted
Page 187 and 188: pointer, and no method of directly
Page 189 and 190: Figure 9.1 It's a pretty Spartan di
Page 191 and 192: Note 9.2.3 The Controller As descri
Page 193 and 194: TInt iLength; // Length - determine
Page 195 and 196: void SetHit(TInt aX, TInt aY); // H
Page 197 and 198: The functions to do this are Functi
Page 199 and 200: User::After(1) is guaranteed to wai
Page 201 and 202: { public: // Construct/destruct/set
Page 203 and 204: This begins by creating a new windo
Page 205 and 206: ); aRect.iTl.iX+iBorderSize+i*iTile
Page 207 and 208: else gc.SetPenColor(KRgbYellow); gc
Page 209 and 210: control framework needs to know whe
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Page 213 and 214: Calculate board size in twips, and
Page 215 and 216: iRightBorder.Move(offset); iBoardRe
Page 217 and 218: private: // Construct/restore void
Page 219 and 220: ViewCmdHitFleet() shows how the con
Page 221: There are no surprises in the comma
Page 225 and 226: The framework handles creating a fi
Page 227 and 228: void TShip::ExternalizeL(RWriteStre
Page 229 and 230: void CGameAppUi::HandleCommandL(TIn
Page 231 and 232: the target view. Because such messa
Page 233 and 234: TInt iCursorX; TInt iCursorY; TUid
Page 235 and 236: display area) and to handle a parti
Page 237 and 238: Create and load a bitmap iHideBitma
Page 239 and 240: This version formats the message ID
Page 241 and 242: Chapter 10: Dialogs and Concrete Co
Page 243 and 244: Figure 10.2 I got this by typing Ct
Page 245 and 246: Finally, note that buttons can't be
Page 247 and 248: for 'control'. I'll always use 'con
Page 249 and 250: CEikDialog* dialog = new(ELeave) CE
Page 251 and 252: Simply put, the dialog has a title,
Page 253 and 254: OK is handled by OkToExitL(). In fa
Page 255 and 256: Any of the checks or file operation
Page 257 and 258: }; id = EGameControlIdProtocol; con
Page 259 and 260: Listen"; } type = EEikCtChoiceList;
Page 261 and 262: TUid protocol = TUid::Uid(choicelis
Page 263 and 264: 10.3.2 Adding Buttons If you want t
Page 265 and 266: Function Description virtual void S
Page 267 and 268: � specify initialization data for
Page 269 and 270: CEikBorderedControl CEikBorderedCon
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Class Header ID CEikGlobalTextEdito
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UIs provide many other standard dia
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Figure 11.1 As it happens, this scr
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gc.DrawText(*iHelloWorld, rect, bas
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The two points that define Trect ca
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The clipping region defines the reg
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virtual void DrawBitmap(const TRect
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Figure 11.5 From the diagram: � T
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In theory, then, you don't need to
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So far, we have suggested that you
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DrawBorders(); DrawTiles(); } but t
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It turns out that working out exact
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Now it's time to be precise about h
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Figure 11.10 It has a single window
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{ public: . . . static CExampleHell
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case 2: return EAmountOfControls; }
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finished. When the BeginRedraw()fun
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Default settings are assured here:
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First and foremost, a control is a
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class CCoeControl : public CBase {
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You can set a control's position an
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IMPORT_C virtual void Draw(const TR
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� If you select OK on a dialog -
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In this chapter, I've concentrated
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TKeyResponse COppFleetView::OfferKe
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TEventCode is the type of window se
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notification, and changing the curs
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From the preceding discussion, it s
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� if the Set interval button is s
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� The general-purpose control des
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private: ... MCoeControlObserver* i
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Special-purpose events should be ha
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Figure 12.4 Key events are offered
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A control should change its appeara
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12.4.3 Grabbing the Pointer-down Co
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ProcessPointerEventL() implements t
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In the last chapter, we concentrate
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making them lighter or darker. For
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Chapter 13: Files, Streams, and Sto
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Note Strictly, documents are not th
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Figure 13.2 The file server provide
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� changing directory and file att
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important in Symbian OS, so it's pr
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Figure 13.5: � Write file allows
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TryChangeFocusToL(EExampleControlId
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file.Close(); // Finished with user
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Update view iAppView->DrawNow(); }
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} // Finish CleanupStack::PopAndDes
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external stream and de-serialize wh
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RwriteStream Functions RReadStream
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You'll remember that I used this, w
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Technique Application descriptor wh
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Let's consider the file format of t
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� create, write, and close the ap
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Figure 13.10 The main document is a
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through the DBMS. For more on using
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Figure 13.13 There is a small class
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� Where an application's .ini fil
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The first step of the process is to
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END SOURCE 1 icon2mask.bmp SOURCE c
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id=EHelloGuiCmd0; flags=EEikToolBar
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Figure 14.4 abld build winscw udeb
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For the purpose of this book, we'll
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#include RESOURCE AIF_DATA { capti
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1 file(s) copied. When this has fin
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The way the Certificate Generator w
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The body of this file should be obv
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Don't expect the installed applicat
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� Every application should fill t
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� Use bold style for active text
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Overview This chapter discusses wri
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Class Description CExampleApplicati
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Class Description Figure 15.3 conta
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aDeviceRect.Center().iY - boxInPixe
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} fontSpec)); The key function here
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The second case will cause problems
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I'm careful to draw every pixel: I
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SetZoomOutL() works the other way r
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ealistic print code would take acco
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Figure 15.7 The base class for bitm
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lit them efficiently from a shared
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#define KRgbYellow TRgb(0x00ffff) #
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world colors mapped down onto black
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Figure 15.8 The GUI used in the Psi
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In terms of applications, the appli
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Overview So far in this book, we've
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Figure 16.2 The starting point for
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if (iController->Engine().IsMyTurn(
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device, I will have to publish thes
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� If your request didn't get thro
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Communications is full of this kind
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The game will connect and you can s
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Figure 16.9 The controller contains
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iEngine->iOppFleet.SetShipType(aX,
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if(!iController->IsMyTurn()) iEikon
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Of course, the opponent's response
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wrong with it. And it may not alway
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fleet.SetHit(x,y); // update view i
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With this scheme, each chat message
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For a minimum level of skill, the c
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CONE maintains an outstanding reque
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Figure 17.2 It is also worth mentio
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some function that will later gener
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So the scheduler handles precisely
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CActive implements the Cancel() fun
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A RunL() function can stop the acti
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}; Figure 17.9 Member functions her
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Function Description Stop() Decreas
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17.3.1 Maintaining an Outstanding R
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Change visibility of app view text
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static CMultiPartHello* NewL(CActiv
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iTimer.After(iStatus, iDelay); SetA
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I prefer to hide active objects fro
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In active objects, higher priority
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Figure 18.1 Some simple server tran
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A new session has a handle that is
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Figure 18.4 Before any subsessions
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Figure 18.5 When the buffer is full
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Related servers can be run in the s
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� Request the window server to dr
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This is because, when a client thre
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Figure 18.8 18.4.1 Thread Basics Th
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GetDesLength() return this as their
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class RSessionBase : public RHandle
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RSubSessionBase - client-side sub-s
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Bootstrap code for a server should
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The CSharableSession class provides
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RMessage is not intended for deriva
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The GSDP server presented here has
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IMPORT_C TInt GetGdpProtocolInfo(TI
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with all four slots, even if you do
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}; RGsdpSession::Listen() calls CGs
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inline RGsdpSession() : iHandler(0)
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If, in the first step above, the ke
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The GSDP client API implements a sy
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� Function() gives me the request
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Basically, the setter stores its ar
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As we saw in Chapter 17, any API pr
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Many Symbian OS servers use polymor
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construct shutdown timer iShutdown=
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void CGsdpProtocolUpdater::RunL() {
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GSDP clients can select the protoco
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} }; } }; } version_no = 1; display
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} aFromPort, aData); If iLastError
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� The datagram arrives via a GDP
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AddPacket() is a method provided by
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iReceiveMessage.Complete(KErrNone);
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� The client program launches a n
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server.Close(); return died.Int();
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CGsdpScheduler::TServerStart start;
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aStart.SignalL(); CActiveScheduler:
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19.4 Summary In this chapter, we've
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Figure 20.1 Typically, a communicat
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This encapsulation is important, as
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else // Everything was OK, leave th
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suite of protocols: UDP, TCP, ICMP
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member of the GDP-SMS session objec
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This puts it into an initial state,
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void CGdpSmsSender::TSendMsgState::
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If, for some reason, the operation
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RSmsSocketReadStream readstream(iRe
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Bluetooth is composed of a hierarch
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Figure 20.10 shows two sequential o
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As with GDP-SMS, the SendL() functi
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Once connected, the sockets interfa
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err = iListenSocket.Listen(4); User
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iReceiver.iReadSocket.Read(iReceive
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Appendix 1: Example Projects Overvi
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AppForge development software integ
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Psion has a long history of using S
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Appendix 3: TOGS Guide and Referenc
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protected: TUid iDtor_ID_Key; }; CG
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eturn KErrNone; } TInt CGdpLoopback
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packet to the initiating partner: t
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inline RGsdpSession() : iHandler(0)
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Function Description MGsdpPacketHan
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RGCP TOGS is designed to support tu
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Packet structure RGCP uses GSDP as
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State Meaning responses are handled
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Figure A3.10 Here's CRgcpSession's
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void GsdpHandleL(const TDesC8& aDat
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virtual void RgcpHandleBound() = 0;
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State Meaning Listening You have ch
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From To Occurs When other player, t
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Opcode Name Details want-second.Res
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Appendix 4: Emulator Reference Over
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Figure A4.2 This source compatibili
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Figure A4.5 An emulator configurati
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Each Symbian OS .exe built for the
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In different UIs, there can be addi
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ARM data alignment rules are strict
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Key Description W Dump full window
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event handling threads 569 events,
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Application Programming Interfaces
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Boolean data type 55 Boss Puzzle di
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CGsdpSession 650 CanReceivePacket()
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certificate file 472 Certificate Ge
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ServiceL error handling 646 CGsdpSe
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CObjectIx class 614 CodeWarrior deb
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context switching 27 performance is
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CSession class 598, 614, 624 CShara
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text 501 fonts 495 GDI 507 line dra
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const rule, breaking 334 descriptio
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DrawVerticalBorder() function 238 D
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ExternalizeL() function 261 testing
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files 416 copying to emulator 773 s
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G game datagram protocol see GDP pr
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drawing 237 zooming 245 GetZoom() f
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graphics interaction 370 pick corre
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Install() function CActiveScheduler
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graphics interaction handling 370 O
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summary 485 MakeVisible() function
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multithreading 43 MVC 287 controlle
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packets see datagrams palettes 516
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private key 472 privilege boundarie
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ReceiveAllL() 697 ReceivePacket() f
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Revo 23 RFCOMM 701 RFile class 46 v
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RWriteStream 425 streams 430 vs. RF
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CGraphicsContext class 324 SetBrush
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simple getter functions 60 single-p
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Static() function CCoeEnv class 357
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ESOCK sockets server 526 ETEL telep
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TDisplayMode 516 Telephony server 6
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TParsePtr 418 TParsePtrC 418 TPckg
Page 721 and 722:
derivation relationships 75 Unicode
Page 723:
flicker-free redraw 354 invalid reg
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