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TEventCode aType) { if (aType!=EEventKey) return EKeyWasNotConsumed; if (aKeyEvent.iCode==EQuartzKeyFourWayLeft || aKeyEvent.iCode==EQuartzKeyFourWayRight || aKeyEvent.iCode==EQuartzKeyFourWayUp || aKeyEvent.iCode==EQuartzKeyFourWayDown) { // move cursor if (aKeyEvent.iCode==EQuartzKeyFourWayLeft) MoveCursor(-1,0); else if (aKeyEvent.iCode==EQuartzKeyFourWayRight) MoveCursor(1,0); else if (aKeyEvent.iCode==EQuartzKeyFourWayUp) MoveCursor(0,-1); else if (aKeyEvent.iCode==EQuartzKeyFourWayDown) MoveCursor(0,1); // redraw board DrawTilesNow(); return EKeyWasConsumed; } else if (aKeyEvent.iCode==EQuartzKeyConfirm) { if (iFleet.IsKnown(iCursorX, iCursorY)) else iEikonEnv->InfoMsg(R_GAME_ALREADY_KNOWN); iData.iCmdHandler.ViewCmdHitFleet(iCursorX, iCursorY); return EKeyWasConsumed; } return EKeyWasNotConsumed; } 16.5.4 Hit Processing: the Full Story We saw how the view command handler initiated hit request processing, in CGameController::ViewCmdHitFleet(). The request now proceeds in four stages: � I send a request using RGCP in my game � the opponent receives the request using RGCP in their game � the opponent sends a response using RGCP in their game � I receive the response using RGCP in my game.
Of course, the opponent's response doesn't actually get sent until the opponent makes the next request. But the handling of my hit request doesn't depend on the opponent's next request, so we can look at these four operations in isolation. Sending the request Here's SendHitRequest(): void CGameController::SendHitRequest(TInt aX, TInt aY) { TBuf8 buffer; RDesWriteStream writer(buffer); writer.WriteUint8L(aX); writer.WriteUint8L(aY); writer.CommitL(); iRgcp->SendRequest(KGameOpcodeHit, buffer); } I use a descriptor write stream to formulate a request, encoding the (x,y) coordinates I want to hit. I then call RGCP SendRequest() specifying the hit-request opcode. The descriptor write stream is a convenient API, and it enables me to guarantee the external format of the BSP hit request. RGCP then sends the hit request (along with my previous response) using GSDP. The datagram arrives at the other player's machine and is routed by GSDP to the correct game instance. RGCP cracks the datagram into response and request, gets the previous response handled, and then calls code to handle the current request. If the GSDP datagram didn't get through, then I could resend it. If I resend but the datagram did get through, then RGCP at the other player's end would drop the duplicate packet. Either way, there is a guarantee that my request is handled only once. Handling the request Here's how the request is handled. By implementing MRgcpHandler, the game controller in the other player's game codes a first-level handler that calls a specific handler function depending on the request opcode: void CGameController::RgcpHandleRequest(TInt aOpcode, const TDesC8& aData) { switch(aOpcode) { case KGameOpcodeStart: HandleStartRequest(aData); break; case KGameOpcodeRestart: HandleRestartRequest(); break;
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Table of Contents Symbian OS C++ fo
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Reprinted August 2003 All Rights Re
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� consultants, trainers, and auth
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Symbian OS C++ for Mobile Phones fo
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When you're ready to use the Symbia
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improvement. She has a reputation f
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John works in the partner projects
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If you've never seen Symbian OS bef
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within a particular application. In
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There are a number of other ways in
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programs - namely, to handle and re
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There is no need to trap the call t
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abld build winscw udeb The winscw p
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If you're curious, you might want t
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If your connectivity software does
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Chapter 2: System Structure Overvie
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Figure 2.2 Figure 2.3 Symbian OS OE
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Note Actually, for performance reas
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To be executed, an executable has t
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The kernel itself has two major com
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ROM handling is easy. The ROM consi
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You can control the stack size in a
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industry standard, slightly smaller
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A server also uses its own active o
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In order to minimize any difficulty
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� The top-level project name in t
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Title DLL Source Group Headers Desc
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Chapter 3: C++ and Object Orientati
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The fundamental rule is, use names
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Category Examples Description Const
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3.2.6 Summary Naming conventions ar
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Convenience functions are trivial w
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� When declaring a virtual functi
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used in preference to old style C c
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Java uses interfaces too: in Java,
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� Whether these are private or pu
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If the cardinality is not 1-to-1, t
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Figure 4.1 At the bottom is the GDI
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In addition to the four C++ classes
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In addition, as indicated by the SO
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Figure 4.3 SDK and then browse to t
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eturn KErrNone; } Important You mus
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private: // from CEikDocument CEikA
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ConstructL() performs second-phase
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hellogui's application view is a co
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The other things we haven't seen in
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form described above advertises the
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} RESOURCE TBUF r_hellogui_text_hel
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CQikAppUi::HandleWsEventL(const TWs
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4.9 Terminating the Application By
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debug stepping, variable watching,
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5.1 Strings and Memory To understan
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� HBufC* is a pointer to a heap-b
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strlen() doesn't include the traili
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The Des() function returns a TPtr c
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TBuf helloWorld(_L("hello")); greet
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TDes& parameters. Symbian OS itself
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5.4 More Text APIs Symbian OS uses
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encodings of Unicode that use seque
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Chapter 6: Error Handling and Clean
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Even user input errors can be handl
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Note It also demonstrates that the
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eak; So, the New 1 menu item alloca
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this line yourself, and then rerun
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case EMagicCmdNew2: delete iObject2
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If the new(ELeave) fails, then iObj
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If you're writing a function, and t
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} You can invoke these functions fr
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Any one of the calls to UseL() may
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case EMagicCmdUse4: { CY* y = new(E
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� Functions that can leave must o
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CZ::NewL() was actually coded waste
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TAny*. The cleanup code will deallo
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successfully). This means you have
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User::Leave(KErrNone). This appears
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systems outside my control, and res
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Chapter 7: Resource Files Overview
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Data Type Description BUF A Unicode
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} MENU_ITEM { command = EExampleCmd
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A single resource file supports 409
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Filename Description EeikCmdExit, a
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RESOURCE MENU_PANE r_hellogui_hello
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0E [uncompressed data run length] 0
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Chapter 8: Basic APIs Overview We'v
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IMPORT_C void Write(TInt aPos, cons
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_LIT8(KTxt2," world"); buf->InsertL
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Dynamic buffers are also used to st
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Class name Description [*] CArrayFi
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In v7.0, the structure of ROM image
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} In a function such as FormatList(
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library. The next few pages should
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Using this technique, your program
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� The original program consisted
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pointer, and no method of directly
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Figure 9.1 It's a pretty Spartan di
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Note 9.2.3 The Controller As descri
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TInt iLength; // Length - determine
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void SetHit(TInt aX, TInt aY); // H
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The functions to do this are Functi
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User::After(1) is guaranteed to wai
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{ public: // Construct/destruct/set
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This begins by creating a new windo
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); aRect.iTl.iX+iBorderSize+i*iTile
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else gc.SetPenColor(KRgbYellow); gc
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control framework needs to know whe
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the board. It then uses these coord
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Calculate board size in twips, and
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iRightBorder.Move(offset); iBoardRe
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private: // Construct/restore void
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ViewCmdHitFleet() shows how the con
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There are no surprises in the comma
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}; MENU_ITEM {command=EEikCmdZoomIn
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The framework handles creating a fi
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void TShip::ExternalizeL(RWriteStre
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void CGameAppUi::HandleCommandL(TIn
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the target view. Because such messa
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TInt iCursorX; TInt iCursorY; TUid
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display area) and to handle a parti
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Create and load a bitmap iHideBitma
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This version formats the message ID
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Chapter 10: Dialogs and Concrete Co
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Figure 10.2 I got this by typing Ct
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Finally, note that buttons can't be
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for 'control'. I'll always use 'con
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CEikDialog* dialog = new(ELeave) CE
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Simply put, the dialog has a title,
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OK is handled by OkToExitL(). In fa
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Any of the checks or file operation
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}; id = EGameControlIdProtocol; con
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Listen"; } type = EEikCtChoiceList;
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TUid protocol = TUid::Uid(choicelis
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10.3.2 Adding Buttons If you want t
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Function Description virtual void S
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� specify initialization data for
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CEikBorderedControl CEikBorderedCon
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� eikon.rh and Qikon.rh contain t
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Class Header ID CEikGlobalTextEdito
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UIs provide many other standard dia
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Figure 11.1 As it happens, this scr
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gc.DrawText(*iHelloWorld, rect, bas
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The two points that define Trect ca
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The clipping region defines the reg
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virtual void DrawBitmap(const TRect
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Figure 11.5 From the diagram: � T
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In theory, then, you don't need to
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So far, we have suggested that you
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DrawBorders(); DrawTiles(); } but t
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It turns out that working out exact
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Now it's time to be precise about h
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Figure 11.10 It has a single window
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{ public: . . . static CExampleHell
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case 2: return EAmountOfControls; }
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finished. When the BeginRedraw()fun
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Default settings are assured here:
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First and foremost, a control is a
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class CCoeControl : public CBase {
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You can set a control's position an
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IMPORT_C virtual void Draw(const TR
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� If you select OK on a dialog -
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In this chapter, I've concentrated
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TKeyResponse COppFleetView::OfferKe
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TEventCode is the type of window se
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notification, and changing the curs
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From the preceding discussion, it s
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� if the Set interval button is s
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� The general-purpose control des
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private: ... MCoeControlObserver* i
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Special-purpose events should be ha
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Figure 12.4 Key events are offered
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A control should change its appeara
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12.4.3 Grabbing the Pointer-down Co
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ProcessPointerEventL() implements t
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In the last chapter, we concentrate
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making them lighter or darker. For
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Chapter 13: Files, Streams, and Sto
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Note Strictly, documents are not th
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Figure 13.2 The file server provide
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� changing directory and file att
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important in Symbian OS, so it's pr
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Figure 13.5: � Write file allows
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TryChangeFocusToL(EExampleControlId
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file.Close(); // Finished with user
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Update view iAppView->DrawNow(); }
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} // Finish CleanupStack::PopAndDes
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external stream and de-serialize wh
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RwriteStream Functions RReadStream
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You'll remember that I used this, w
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Technique Application descriptor wh
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Let's consider the file format of t
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� create, write, and close the ap
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Figure 13.10 The main document is a
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through the DBMS. For more on using
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Figure 13.13 There is a small class
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� Where an application's .ini fil
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The first step of the process is to
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END SOURCE 1 icon2mask.bmp SOURCE c
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id=EHelloGuiCmd0; flags=EEikToolBar
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Figure 14.4 abld build winscw udeb
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For the purpose of this book, we'll
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#include RESOURCE AIF_DATA { capti
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1 file(s) copied. When this has fin
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The way the Certificate Generator w
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The body of this file should be obv
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Don't expect the installed applicat
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� Every application should fill t
Page 411 and 412: � Use bold style for active text
Page 413 and 414: Overview This chapter discusses wri
Page 415 and 416: Class Description CExampleApplicati
Page 417 and 418: Class Description Figure 15.3 conta
Page 419 and 420: aDeviceRect.Center().iY - boxInPixe
Page 421 and 422: } fontSpec)); The key function here
Page 423 and 424: The second case will cause problems
Page 425 and 426: I'm careful to draw every pixel: I
Page 427 and 428: SetZoomOutL() works the other way r
Page 429 and 430: ealistic print code would take acco
Page 431 and 432: Figure 15.7 The base class for bitm
Page 433 and 434: lit them efficiently from a shared
Page 435 and 436: #define KRgbYellow TRgb(0x00ffff) #
Page 437 and 438: world colors mapped down onto black
Page 439 and 440: Figure 15.8 The GUI used in the Psi
Page 441 and 442: In terms of applications, the appli
Page 443 and 444: Overview So far in this book, we've
Page 445 and 446: Figure 16.2 The starting point for
Page 447 and 448: if (iController->Engine().IsMyTurn(
Page 449 and 450: device, I will have to publish thes
Page 451 and 452: � If your request didn't get thro
Page 453 and 454: Communications is full of this kind
Page 455 and 456: The game will connect and you can s
Page 457 and 458: Figure 16.9 The controller contains
Page 459 and 460: iEngine->iOppFleet.SetShipType(aX,
Page 461: if(!iController->IsMyTurn()) iEikon
Page 465 and 466: wrong with it. And it may not alway
Page 467 and 468: fleet.SetHit(x,y); // update view i
Page 469 and 470: With this scheme, each chat message
Page 471 and 472: For a minimum level of skill, the c
Page 473 and 474: CONE maintains an outstanding reque
Page 475 and 476: Figure 17.2 It is also worth mentio
Page 477 and 478: some function that will later gener
Page 479 and 480: So the scheduler handles precisely
Page 481 and 482: CActive implements the Cancel() fun
Page 483 and 484: A RunL() function can stop the acti
Page 485 and 486: }; Figure 17.9 Member functions her
Page 487 and 488: Function Description Stop() Decreas
Page 489 and 490: 17.3.1 Maintaining an Outstanding R
Page 491 and 492: Change visibility of app view text
Page 493 and 494: static CMultiPartHello* NewL(CActiv
Page 495 and 496: iTimer.After(iStatus, iDelay); SetA
Page 497 and 498: I prefer to hide active objects fro
Page 499 and 500: In active objects, higher priority
Page 501 and 502: Figure 18.1 Some simple server tran
Page 503 and 504: A new session has a handle that is
Page 505 and 506: Figure 18.4 Before any subsessions
Page 507 and 508: Figure 18.5 When the buffer is full
Page 509 and 510: Related servers can be run in the s
Page 511 and 512: � Request the window server to dr
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This is because, when a client thre
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Figure 18.8 18.4.1 Thread Basics Th
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GetDesLength() return this as their
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class RSessionBase : public RHandle
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RSubSessionBase - client-side sub-s
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Bootstrap code for a server should
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The CSharableSession class provides
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RMessage is not intended for deriva
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The GSDP server presented here has
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IMPORT_C TInt GetGdpProtocolInfo(TI
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with all four slots, even if you do
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}; RGsdpSession::Listen() calls CGs
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inline RGsdpSession() : iHandler(0)
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If, in the first step above, the ke
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The GSDP client API implements a sy
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� Function() gives me the request
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Basically, the setter stores its ar
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As we saw in Chapter 17, any API pr
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Many Symbian OS servers use polymor
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construct shutdown timer iShutdown=
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void CGsdpProtocolUpdater::RunL() {
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GSDP clients can select the protoco
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} }; } }; } version_no = 1; display
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} aFromPort, aData); If iLastError
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� The datagram arrives via a GDP
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AddPacket() is a method provided by
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iReceiveMessage.Complete(KErrNone);
Page 567 and 568:
� The client program launches a n
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server.Close(); return died.Int();
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CGsdpScheduler::TServerStart start;
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aStart.SignalL(); CActiveScheduler:
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19.4 Summary In this chapter, we've
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Figure 20.1 Typically, a communicat
Page 579 and 580:
This encapsulation is important, as
Page 581 and 582:
else // Everything was OK, leave th
Page 583 and 584:
suite of protocols: UDP, TCP, ICMP
Page 585 and 586:
member of the GDP-SMS session objec
Page 587 and 588:
This puts it into an initial state,
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void CGdpSmsSender::TSendMsgState::
Page 591 and 592:
If, for some reason, the operation
Page 593 and 594:
RSmsSocketReadStream readstream(iRe
Page 595 and 596:
Bluetooth is composed of a hierarch
Page 597 and 598:
Figure 20.10 shows two sequential o
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As with GDP-SMS, the SendL() functi
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Once connected, the sockets interfa
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err = iListenSocket.Listen(4); User
Page 605 and 606:
iReceiver.iReadSocket.Read(iReceive
Page 607 and 608:
Appendix 1: Example Projects Overvi
Page 609 and 610:
AppForge development software integ
Page 611 and 612:
Psion has a long history of using S
Page 613 and 614:
Appendix 3: TOGS Guide and Referenc
Page 615 and 616:
protected: TUid iDtor_ID_Key; }; CG
Page 617 and 618:
eturn KErrNone; } TInt CGdpLoopback
Page 619 and 620:
packet to the initiating partner: t
Page 621 and 622:
inline RGsdpSession() : iHandler(0)
Page 623 and 624:
Function Description MGsdpPacketHan
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RGCP TOGS is designed to support tu
Page 627 and 628:
Packet structure RGCP uses GSDP as
Page 629 and 630:
State Meaning responses are handled
Page 631 and 632:
Figure A3.10 Here's CRgcpSession's
Page 633 and 634:
void GsdpHandleL(const TDesC8& aDat
Page 635 and 636:
virtual void RgcpHandleBound() = 0;
Page 637 and 638:
State Meaning Listening You have ch
Page 639 and 640:
From To Occurs When other player, t
Page 641 and 642:
Opcode Name Details want-second.Res
Page 643 and 644:
Appendix 4: Emulator Reference Over
Page 645 and 646:
Figure A4.2 This source compatibili
Page 647 and 648:
Figure A4.5 An emulator configurati
Page 649 and 650:
Each Symbian OS .exe built for the
Page 651 and 652:
In different UIs, there can be addi
Page 653 and 654:
ARM data alignment rules are strict
Page 655 and 656:
Key Description W Dump full window
Page 657 and 658:
event handling threads 569 events,
Page 659 and 660:
Application Programming Interfaces
Page 661 and 662:
Boolean data type 55 Boss Puzzle di
Page 663 and 664:
CGsdpSession 650 CanReceivePacket()
Page 665 and 666:
certificate file 472 Certificate Ge
Page 667 and 668:
ServiceL error handling 646 CGsdpSe
Page 669 and 670:
CObjectIx class 614 CodeWarrior deb
Page 671 and 672:
context switching 27 performance is
Page 673 and 674:
CSession class 598, 614, 624 CShara
Page 675 and 676:
text 501 fonts 495 GDI 507 line dra
Page 677 and 678:
const rule, breaking 334 descriptio
Page 679 and 680:
DrawVerticalBorder() function 238 D
Page 681 and 682:
ExternalizeL() function 261 testing
Page 683 and 684:
files 416 copying to emulator 773 s
Page 685 and 686:
G game datagram protocol see GDP pr
Page 687 and 688:
drawing 237 zooming 245 GetZoom() f
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graphics interaction 370 pick corre
Page 691 and 692:
Install() function CActiveScheduler
Page 693 and 694:
graphics interaction handling 370 O
Page 695 and 696:
summary 485 MakeVisible() function
Page 697 and 698:
multithreading 43 MVC 287 controlle
Page 699 and 700:
packets see datagrams palettes 516
Page 701 and 702:
private key 472 privilege boundarie
Page 703 and 704:
ReceiveAllL() 697 ReceivePacket() f
Page 705 and 706:
Revo 23 RFCOMM 701 RFile class 46 v
Page 707 and 708:
RWriteStream 425 streams 430 vs. RF
Page 709 and 710:
CGraphicsContext class 324 SetBrush
Page 711 and 712:
simple getter functions 60 single-p
Page 713 and 714:
Static() function CCoeEnv class 357
Page 715 and 716:
ESOCK sockets server 526 ETEL telep
Page 717 and 718:
TDisplayMode 516 Telephony server 6
Page 719 and 720:
TParsePtr 418 TParsePtrC 418 TPckg
Page 721 and 722:
derivation relationships 75 Unicode
Page 723:
flicker-free redraw 354 invalid reg
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