Radiation Protection Radiation Protection

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Dose Very low dose: about 10 mSv or less Low dose: towards 100 mSv Moderate dose: towards 1000 mSv (acute whole body dose) High dose: above 1000 mSv (acute whole body dose) Effects on individuals No acute effects; extremely small additional cancer risk No acute effects; subsequent additional cancer risk of less than 1% Nausea, vomiting possible, mild bone marrow depression; subsequent additional cancer risk of about 10% Certain nausea, likely bone marrow syndrome; high risk of death from about 4000 mSv (without medical treatment). Significant additional cancer risk! Consequences for an exposed population No observable increase in the incidence of cancer, even in a large exposed group Possible observable increase in the incidence of cancer, if the exposed group is very large (e.g., >100,000 people) Probable observable increase in the incidence of cancer, if the exposed group is more than a few hundred people Observable increase in the incidence of cancer 100
26 July, 2012 … above the prevalent background dose, an increment in dose is assumed to result (for rad. prot. purposes) in a proportional increment in the probability of stochastic effects of 0.005% per mSv WNU-Summer Institute 101
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WNU-Summer Institute 2012 Christ Ch
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FIRST PART Epistemology: Radiation
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Radioactive substance (radioactivit
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Absorbed dose, D (gray or rad) Radi
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Activity (Bq) Fluence (cm-2 Fluence
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Natural Cosmic Cosmic rays Terrestr
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OSU, Stillwater, OK, USA, February
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Medical sources
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Annual average per-caput dose (in m
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Military activities 20
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Annual effective dose (mSv) Doses d
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Global average levels Natural sourc
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Annual effective dose (mSv) 6 5 4 3
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Annual per caput dose (mSv) for USA
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(3) Recent Developments on the epis
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26 July, 2012 WNU-Summer Institute
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26 July, 2012 Radiation harm to DNA
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Many other mutations occur due to D
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26 July, 2012 0.5 Mev WNU-Summer I
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26 July, 2012 Chromosomes deletions
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26 July, 2012 Chromosomal aberratio
Page 50 and 51: 26 July, 2012 Probability of mutati
Page 52 and 53: 26 July, 2012 First possible outcom
Page 54 and 55: 26 July, 2012 Cell killingat around
Page 60 and 61: 26 July, 2012 Third possible outcom
Page 62 and 63: 26 July, 2012 Altered process WNU-S
Page 64 and 65: 26 July, 2012 Stochastic effects Ca
Page 66: Radiation mutates DNA 26 July, 2012
Page 69 and 70: 26 July, 2012 Radioepidemiology (Ep
Page 71 and 72: 26 July, 2012 Difficult to assess!
Page 73 and 74: 26 July, 2012 The radium dial paint
Page 75 and 76: 26 July, 2012 ..the Mayak cohort of
Page 77 and 78: …all these victims of radiation e
Page 79 and 80: Solid Cancer Mortality 47 years of
Page 81 and 82: 26 July, 2012 Hereditable Effects W
Page 83 and 84: The risk is so low that the estimat
Page 85 and 86: 26 July, 2012 Antenatal Effects WNU
Page 87 and 88: 26 July, 2012 1000mSv = IQ WNU-Summ
Page 89: Latest news 89
Page 94 and 95: Likelihood of health effects 100% (
Page 96 and 97: Likelihood of health effects 100% (
Page 98 and 99: 26 July, 2012 Take away points WNU-
Page 102 and 103: Remember! 1. Radiation exposure at
Page 104 and 105: Additional information to the FIRST
Page 106 and 107: Physics and chemistry Biology 10 -1
Page 108 and 109: New UNSCEAR’s assessments Epidem
Page 110 and 111: 26 July, 2012 Chernobyl workers,
Page 112 and 113: 26 July, 2012 Adaptive Response + M
Page 114 and 115: The role of apoptosis (cell killing
Page 116 and 117: 26 July, 2012 Genomic instability
Page 118 and 119: Challenge to the paradigm Mutation
Page 120 and 121: Bystander effects The so-called “
Page 122 and 123: 26 July, 2012 Signals via intercell
Page 124 and 125: 26 July, 2012 WNU-Summer Institute
Page 126 and 127: 26 July, 2012 Effects in another or
Page 128 and 129: Does radiation exposure affect the
Page 130 and 131: (1) The International Organizations
Page 132 and 133: UNSCEAR 26 July, 2012 WNU-Summer In
Page 134 and 135: Member States on UNSCEAR Argentina
Page 137 and 138: ICRP 26 July, 2012 WNU-Summer Insti
Page 139 and 140: First ICRP meeting 1928 139
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Page 143 and 144: 26 July, 2012 The International Ato
Page 145 and 146: to establish standards IAEA statuto
Page 147 and 148: International Labour Organisation 1
Page 149 and 150: (2) The International Radiation Pro
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Total background incidence of effec
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Detriment-adjusted Nominal Risk Coe
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Time Protection basic dogma Shiel
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The principles of radiological prot
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The Principle of Justification •
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adioactive discharges (bad) Is the
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Justification!
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Detriment Detriment +Social cost Op
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Restrictions: Restrictions: dose li
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Source constraint 26 July, 2012 171
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The principle of protection of futu
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D Doses after 1 year of operation 1
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Doses after 3 years of operation D
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Types of exposure situations
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Planned exposure situations, are si
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Emergency exposure situations, •
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Emergency exposure situations Extan
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Doses to be constrained are those c
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Guidance for the protection of pati
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Workers (voluntary and individually
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The female worker: protecting the u
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Members of the Public (involuntary
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Natural background radiation (plann
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Doses to be constrained are those c
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‘Interventions’ (in existing an
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CRITERIA FOR INTERVENING (Extant An
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The use of a reference level in an
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(4) The International Regime 26 Jul
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“For their efforts [i] to prevent
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Legally Binding Conventions 213
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Convention on Assistance in the Cas
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Joint Convention on the Safety of S
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International Radiation Safety Stan
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Long experience 1962: first interna
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Safety Standards Hierarchy Safety F
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Safety Principles 1: Responsibilit
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Provisions for the application of t
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WNU-Summer Institute 230
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Take away points 1. Additional dose
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Download into your computer the fil
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Additional information to the SECON
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Policy Implications on effects at l
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Certainty (100%) 26 July, 2012 Like
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Dealing with uncertainties Is it pl
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Nominal statistical uncertainty dis
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26 July, 2012 Cumulative probabilit
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26 July, 2012 Cumulative probabilit
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Policy Implications: plausibility o
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Attributability Attribute: regard s
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Control group “N” people “C
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Limitation of knowledge in The sta
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Dose (mSv ( mSv) 10 2 10 1 10 -0 10
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C H E R N O B Y L
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Radiation Doses Average over 10 yea
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Dose (mSv ( mSv) 10 2 10 1 10 -0 Ch
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The ‘liquidators’ “ЛIКВIД
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agonzale@arn.gob.ar 26 July, 2012 T
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