Radiation Protection Radiation Protection

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Thyroid cancer in children in Belarus Number of cases Thyroid cancer in children in Belarus Thyroid 140 cancer in children in Belarus 26 July, 2012 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1986 1987 1988 1989 274 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 Total 1996 0-4 5-9 10-14 1997 WNU, 274 ,
The ‘liquidators’ “ЛIКВIДАТОРИ” 275
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WNU-Summer Institute 2012 Christ Ch
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FIRST PART Epistemology: Radiation
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Radioactive substance (radioactivit
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Absorbed dose, D (gray or rad) Radi
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Activity (Bq) Fluence (cm-2 Fluence
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Natural Cosmic Cosmic rays Terrestr
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OSU, Stillwater, OK, USA, February
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Medical sources
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Annual average per-caput dose (in m
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Military activities 20
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Annual effective dose (mSv) Doses d
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Global average levels Natural sourc
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Annual effective dose (mSv) 6 5 4 3
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Annual per caput dose (mSv) for USA
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(3) Recent Developments on the epis
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26 July, 2012 WNU-Summer Institute
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26 July, 2012 34
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26 July, 2012 Radiation harm to DNA
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Many other mutations occur due to D
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26 July, 2012 0.5 Mev WNU-Summer I
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26 July, 2012 Chromosomes deletions
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26 July, 2012 Chromosomal aberratio
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26 July, 2012 Probability of mutati
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26 July, 2012 First possible outcom
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26 July, 2012 Cell killingat around
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26 July, 2012 Third possible outcom
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26 July, 2012 Altered process WNU-S
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26 July, 2012 Stochastic effects Ca
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Radiation mutates DNA 26 July, 2012
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26 July, 2012 Radioepidemiology (Ep
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26 July, 2012 Difficult to assess!
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26 July, 2012 The radium dial paint
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26 July, 2012 ..the Mayak cohort of
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…all these victims of radiation e
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Solid Cancer Mortality 47 years of
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26 July, 2012 Hereditable Effects W
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The risk is so low that the estimat
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26 July, 2012 Antenatal Effects WNU
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26 July, 2012 1000mSv = IQ WNU-Summ
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Latest news 89
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Likelihood of health effects 100% (
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Likelihood of health effects 100% (
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26 July, 2012 Take away points WNU-
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Dose Very low dose: about 10 mSv or
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Remember! 1. Radiation exposure at
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Additional information to the FIRST
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Physics and chemistry Biology 10 -1
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New UNSCEAR’s assessments Epidem
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26 July, 2012 Chernobyl workers,
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26 July, 2012 Adaptive Response + M
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The role of apoptosis (cell killing
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26 July, 2012 Genomic instability
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Challenge to the paradigm Mutation
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Bystander effects The so-called “
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26 July, 2012 Signals via intercell
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26 July, 2012 WNU-Summer Institute
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26 July, 2012 Effects in another or
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Does radiation exposure affect the
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(1) The International Organizations
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UNSCEAR 26 July, 2012 WNU-Summer In
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Member States on UNSCEAR Argentina
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ICRP 26 July, 2012 WNU-Summer Insti
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First ICRP meeting 1928 139
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141
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26 July, 2012 The International Ato
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to establish standards IAEA statuto
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International Labour Organisation 1
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(2) The International Radiation Pro
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Total background incidence of effec
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Detriment-adjusted Nominal Risk Coe
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Time Protection basic dogma Shiel
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The principles of radiological prot
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The Principle of Justification •
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adioactive discharges (bad) Is the
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Justification!
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Detriment Detriment +Social cost Op
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Restrictions: Restrictions: dose li
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Source constraint 26 July, 2012 171
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The principle of protection of futu
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D Doses after 1 year of operation 1
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Doses after 3 years of operation D
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Types of exposure situations
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Planned exposure situations, are si
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Emergency exposure situations, •
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Emergency exposure situations Extan
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Doses to be constrained are those c
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Guidance for the protection of pati
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Workers (voluntary and individually
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The female worker: protecting the u
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Members of the Public (involuntary
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Natural background radiation (plann
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Doses to be constrained are those c
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‘Interventions’ (in existing an
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CRITERIA FOR INTERVENING (Extant An
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The use of a reference level in an
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(4) The International Regime 26 Jul
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“For their efforts [i] to prevent
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Legally Binding Conventions 213
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Convention on Assistance in the Cas
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Joint Convention on the Safety of S
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International Radiation Safety Stan
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Long experience 1962: first interna
Page 223 and 224: Safety Standards Hierarchy Safety F
Page 225: Safety Principles 1: Responsibilit
Page 228 and 229: Provisions for the application of t
Page 230 and 231: WNU-Summer Institute 230
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Page 238 and 239: Take away points 1. Additional dose
Page 240 and 241: Download into your computer the fil
Page 242 and 243: Additional information to the SECON
Page 244 and 245: Policy Implications on effects at l
Page 246 and 247: Certainty (100%) 26 July, 2012 Like
Page 248 and 249: Dealing with uncertainties Is it pl
Page 250 and 251: Nominal statistical uncertainty dis
Page 252 and 253: 26 July, 2012 Cumulative probabilit
Page 254 and 255: 26 July, 2012 Cumulative probabilit
Page 256 and 257: Policy Implications: plausibility o
Page 258 and 259: Attributability Attribute: regard s
Page 260 and 261: Control group “N” people “C
Page 262 and 263: Limitation of knowledge in The sta
Page 264 and 265: Dose (mSv ( mSv) 10 2 10 1 10 -0 10
Page 266 and 267: C H E R N O B Y L
Page 268 and 269: Radiation Doses Average over 10 yea
Page 270: Dose (mSv ( mSv) 10 2 10 1 10 -0 Ch
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agonzale@arn.gob.ar 26 July, 2012 T
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