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Patients (The exposure is voluntary, beneficial for the individual exposed and measurable) • Radiodiagnosis • Radiotherapy 26 July, 2012 WNU-Summer Institute 188
Guidance for the protection of patients in radio-diagnosis radio diagnosis Fluoroscopy Fluoroscop Vertebral Torax rax 100 ~ 10 ~ 1 Doses in mSv HIGH TYPICALLY HIGH TYPICAL MINIMAL 189
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WNU-Summer Institute 2012 Christ Ch
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FIRST PART Epistemology: Radiation
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Radioactive substance (radioactivit
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Absorbed dose, D (gray or rad) Radi
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Activity (Bq) Fluence (cm-2 Fluence
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Natural Cosmic Cosmic rays Terrestr
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OSU, Stillwater, OK, USA, February
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Medical sources
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Annual average per-caput dose (in m
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Military activities 20
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Annual effective dose (mSv) Doses d
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Global average levels Natural sourc
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Annual effective dose (mSv) 6 5 4 3
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Annual per caput dose (mSv) for USA
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(3) Recent Developments on the epis
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26 July, 2012 WNU-Summer Institute
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26 July, 2012 Radiation harm to DNA
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Many other mutations occur due to D
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26 July, 2012 0.5 Mev WNU-Summer I
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26 July, 2012 Chromosomes deletions
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26 July, 2012 Chromosomal aberratio
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26 July, 2012 Probability of mutati
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26 July, 2012 First possible outcom
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26 July, 2012 Cell killingat around
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26 July, 2012 Third possible outcom
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26 July, 2012 Altered process WNU-S
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26 July, 2012 Stochastic effects Ca
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Radiation mutates DNA 26 July, 2012
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26 July, 2012 Radioepidemiology (Ep
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26 July, 2012 Difficult to assess!
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26 July, 2012 The radium dial paint
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26 July, 2012 ..the Mayak cohort of
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…all these victims of radiation e
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Solid Cancer Mortality 47 years of
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26 July, 2012 Hereditable Effects W
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The risk is so low that the estimat
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26 July, 2012 Antenatal Effects WNU
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26 July, 2012 1000mSv = IQ WNU-Summ
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Latest news 89
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Likelihood of health effects 100% (
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Likelihood of health effects 100% (
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26 July, 2012 Take away points WNU-
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Dose Very low dose: about 10 mSv or
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Remember! 1. Radiation exposure at
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Additional information to the FIRST
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Physics and chemistry Biology 10 -1
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New UNSCEAR’s assessments Epidem
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26 July, 2012 Chernobyl workers,
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26 July, 2012 Adaptive Response + M
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The role of apoptosis (cell killing
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26 July, 2012 Genomic instability
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Challenge to the paradigm Mutation
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Bystander effects The so-called “
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26 July, 2012 Signals via intercell
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26 July, 2012 WNU-Summer Institute
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26 July, 2012 Effects in another or
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Does radiation exposure affect the
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(1) The International Organizations
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UNSCEAR 26 July, 2012 WNU-Summer In
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Member States on UNSCEAR Argentina
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Page 139 and 140: First ICRP meeting 1928 139
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Page 143 and 144: 26 July, 2012 The International Ato
Page 145 and 146: to establish standards IAEA statuto
Page 147 and 148: International Labour Organisation 1
Page 149 and 150: (2) The International Radiation Pro
Page 151 and 152: Total background incidence of effec
Page 153 and 154: Detriment-adjusted Nominal Risk Coe
Page 155 and 156: Time Protection basic dogma Shiel
Page 159 and 160: The principles of radiological prot
Page 161 and 162: The Principle of Justification •
Page 163 and 164: adioactive discharges (bad) Is the
Page 165 and 166: Justification!
Page 167 and 168: Detriment Detriment +Social cost Op
Page 169 and 170: Restrictions: Restrictions: dose li
Page 171 and 172: Source constraint 26 July, 2012 171
Page 173 and 174: The principle of protection of futu
Page 175 and 176: D Doses after 1 year of operation 1
Page 177 and 178: Doses after 3 years of operation D
Page 179 and 180: Types of exposure situations
Page 181 and 182: Planned exposure situations, are si
Page 183 and 184: Emergency exposure situations, •
Page 185 and 186: Emergency exposure situations Extan
Page 187: Doses to be constrained are those c
Page 193 and 194: Workers (voluntary and individually
Page 195 and 196: The female worker: protecting the u
Page 197 and 198: Members of the Public (involuntary
Page 199 and 200: Natural background radiation (plann
Page 201 and 202: Doses to be constrained are those c
Page 203 and 204: ‘Interventions’ (in existing an
Page 205 and 206: CRITERIA FOR INTERVENING (Extant An
Page 207 and 208: The use of a reference level in an
Page 209 and 210: (4) The International Regime 26 Jul
Page 211 and 212: “For their efforts [i] to prevent
Page 213 and 214: Legally Binding Conventions 213
Page 215 and 216: Convention on Assistance in the Cas
Page 217 and 218: Joint Convention on the Safety of S
Page 219 and 220: International Radiation Safety Stan
Page 221 and 222: Long experience 1962: first interna
Page 223 and 224: Safety Standards Hierarchy Safety F
Page 225: Safety Principles 1: Responsibilit
Page 228 and 229: Provisions for the application of t
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Take away points 1. Additional dose
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Download into your computer the fil
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Additional information to the SECON
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Policy Implications on effects at l
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Certainty (100%) 26 July, 2012 Like
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Dealing with uncertainties Is it pl
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Nominal statistical uncertainty dis
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26 July, 2012 Cumulative probabilit
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26 July, 2012 Cumulative probabilit
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Policy Implications: plausibility o
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Attributability Attribute: regard s
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Control group “N” people “C
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Limitation of knowledge in The sta
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Dose (mSv ( mSv) 10 2 10 1 10 -0 10
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C H E R N O B Y L
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Radiation Doses Average over 10 yea
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Dose (mSv ( mSv) 10 2 10 1 10 -0 Ch
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The ‘liquidators’ “ЛIКВIД
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agonzale@arn.gob.ar 26 July, 2012 T
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