Radiation Protection Radiation Protection

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Simplified summary of dose restrictions and reference levels (in mSv in a year) 100 20 1 0.01 NO INDIVIDUAL/SOCIETAL BENEFIT ABOVE THIS Emergency Emergency workers Evacuation/relocation in emergencies High levels of existing controllable exposures Information, training, monitoring DIRECT OR INDIRECT BENEFIT TO THE INDIVIDUAL Occupational exposure Sheltering, stable iodine, in emergencies Existing exposures such as radon Comforters and carers to patients Information, training, monitoring or assessment SOCIETAL, BUT NO INDIVIDUAL DIRECT BENEFIT Normal situations No information or training, No individual dose assessment Exclusion, exemption, clearance 206
The use of a reference level in an existing exposure situation and the evolution of the distribution of individual doses with time as a result of the optimization process 207
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WNU-Summer Institute 2012 Christ Ch
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FIRST PART Epistemology: Radiation
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Radioactive substance (radioactivit
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Absorbed dose, D (gray or rad) Radi
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Activity (Bq) Fluence (cm-2 Fluence
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Natural Cosmic Cosmic rays Terrestr
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OSU, Stillwater, OK, USA, February
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Medical sources
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Annual average per-caput dose (in m
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Military activities 20
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Annual effective dose (mSv) Doses d
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Global average levels Natural sourc
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Annual effective dose (mSv) 6 5 4 3
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Annual per caput dose (mSv) for USA
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(3) Recent Developments on the epis
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26 July, 2012 WNU-Summer Institute
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26 July, 2012 34
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26 July, 2012 Radiation harm to DNA
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Many other mutations occur due to D
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26 July, 2012 0.5 Mev WNU-Summer I
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26 July, 2012 Chromosomes deletions
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26 July, 2012 Chromosomal aberratio
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26 July, 2012 Probability of mutati
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26 July, 2012 First possible outcom
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26 July, 2012 Cell killingat around
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26 July, 2012 Third possible outcom
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26 July, 2012 Altered process WNU-S
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26 July, 2012 Stochastic effects Ca
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Radiation mutates DNA 26 July, 2012
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26 July, 2012 Radioepidemiology (Ep
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26 July, 2012 Difficult to assess!
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26 July, 2012 The radium dial paint
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26 July, 2012 ..the Mayak cohort of
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…all these victims of radiation e
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Solid Cancer Mortality 47 years of
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26 July, 2012 Hereditable Effects W
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The risk is so low that the estimat
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26 July, 2012 Antenatal Effects WNU
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26 July, 2012 1000mSv = IQ WNU-Summ
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Latest news 89
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Likelihood of health effects 100% (
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Likelihood of health effects 100% (
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26 July, 2012 Take away points WNU-
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Dose Very low dose: about 10 mSv or
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Remember! 1. Radiation exposure at
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Additional information to the FIRST
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Physics and chemistry Biology 10 -1
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New UNSCEAR’s assessments Epidem
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26 July, 2012 Chernobyl workers,
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26 July, 2012 Adaptive Response + M
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The role of apoptosis (cell killing
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26 July, 2012 Genomic instability
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Challenge to the paradigm Mutation
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Bystander effects The so-called “
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26 July, 2012 Signals via intercell
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26 July, 2012 WNU-Summer Institute
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26 July, 2012 Effects in another or
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Does radiation exposure affect the
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(1) The International Organizations
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UNSCEAR 26 July, 2012 WNU-Summer In
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Member States on UNSCEAR Argentina
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ICRP 26 July, 2012 WNU-Summer Insti
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First ICRP meeting 1928 139
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141
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26 July, 2012 The International Ato
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to establish standards IAEA statuto
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International Labour Organisation 1
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(2) The International Radiation Pro
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Total background incidence of effec
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Detriment-adjusted Nominal Risk Coe
Page 155 and 156: Time Protection basic dogma Shiel
Page 159 and 160: The principles of radiological prot
Page 161 and 162: The Principle of Justification •
Page 163 and 164: adioactive discharges (bad) Is the
Page 165 and 166: Justification!
Page 167 and 168: Detriment Detriment +Social cost Op
Page 169 and 170: Restrictions: Restrictions: dose li
Page 171 and 172: Source constraint 26 July, 2012 171
Page 173 and 174: The principle of protection of futu
Page 175 and 176: D Doses after 1 year of operation 1
Page 177 and 178: Doses after 3 years of operation D
Page 179 and 180: Types of exposure situations
Page 181 and 182: Planned exposure situations, are si
Page 183 and 184: Emergency exposure situations, •
Page 185 and 186: Emergency exposure situations Extan
Page 187 and 188: Doses to be constrained are those c
Page 189 and 190: Guidance for the protection of pati
Page 193 and 194: Workers (voluntary and individually
Page 195 and 196: The female worker: protecting the u
Page 197 and 198: Members of the Public (involuntary
Page 199 and 200: Natural background radiation (plann
Page 201 and 202: Doses to be constrained are those c
Page 203 and 204: ‘Interventions’ (in existing an
Page 205: CRITERIA FOR INTERVENING (Extant An
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Page 211 and 212: “For their efforts [i] to prevent
Page 213 and 214: Legally Binding Conventions 213
Page 215 and 216: Convention on Assistance in the Cas
Page 217 and 218: Joint Convention on the Safety of S
Page 219 and 220: International Radiation Safety Stan
Page 221 and 222: Long experience 1962: first interna
Page 223 and 224: Safety Standards Hierarchy Safety F
Page 225: Safety Principles 1: Responsibilit
Page 228 and 229: Provisions for the application of t
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Page 238 and 239: Take away points 1. Additional dose
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Page 244 and 245: Policy Implications on effects at l
Page 246 and 247: Certainty (100%) 26 July, 2012 Like
Page 248 and 249: Dealing with uncertainties Is it pl
Page 250 and 251: Nominal statistical uncertainty dis
Page 252 and 253: 26 July, 2012 Cumulative probabilit
Page 254 and 255: 26 July, 2012 Cumulative probabilit
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Policy Implications: plausibility o
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Attributability Attribute: regard s
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Control group “N” people “C
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Limitation of knowledge in The sta
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Dose (mSv ( mSv) 10 2 10 1 10 -0 10
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C H E R N O B Y L
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Radiation Doses Average over 10 yea
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Dose (mSv ( mSv) 10 2 10 1 10 -0 Ch
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The ‘liquidators’ “ЛIКВIД
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Certainty (100%) 26 July, 2012 Like
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Certainty (100%) 26 July, 2012 Like
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agonzale@arn.gob.ar 26 July, 2012 T
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Radiation Protection Radiation Protection

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