Radiation Protection Radiation Protection

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Likelihood of health effects 100% (certainty) ~ 10% ~5% (UNSCEAR estimate) ~ 1% Approx. lower bound of epidemiological knowledge Estimated Estimated likelihood likelihood of of cancer cancer Subjective (Bayesian) estimation ~0,1 Approx. lower bound of pathological knowledge Tissue reactions Clinical diagnosis (individual pathology) Cytogenetic exposure indicators General radiobiological information radiation syndromes and death Increase incidence of malignancies Statistical estimates (epidemiology of populations) Frequentist (Bernoullian) estimation ~1 ~10 Dose (Sv) 94
Likelihood of health effects 100% (certainty) ~ 10% ~5% (UNSCEAR estimate) ~ 1% Typical Background Approx. lower bound of epidemiological knowledge Estimated Estimated likelihood likelihood of of cancer cancer ~0,1 Region of inference of radiation risks Approx. lower bound of pathological knowledge Increased syndromes and death Dose (Sv) ~1 ~10 Region of individual attribution of effects Region of collective attribution of effects 95
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WNU-Summer Institute 2012 Christ Ch
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FIRST PART Epistemology: Radiation
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Radioactive substance (radioactivit
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Absorbed dose, D (gray or rad) Radi
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Activity (Bq) Fluence (cm-2 Fluence
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Natural Cosmic Cosmic rays Terrestr
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OSU, Stillwater, OK, USA, February
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Medical sources
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Annual average per-caput dose (in m
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Military activities 20
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Annual effective dose (mSv) Doses d
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Global average levels Natural sourc
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Annual effective dose (mSv) 6 5 4 3
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Annual per caput dose (mSv) for USA
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(3) Recent Developments on the epis
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26 July, 2012 WNU-Summer Institute
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26 July, 2012 34
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26 July, 2012 Radiation harm to DNA
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Many other mutations occur due to D
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Page 45 and 46: 26 July, 2012 Chromosomes deletions
Page 48 and 49: 26 July, 2012 Chromosomal aberratio
Page 50 and 51: 26 July, 2012 Probability of mutati
Page 52 and 53: 26 July, 2012 First possible outcom
Page 54 and 55: 26 July, 2012 Cell killingat around
Page 60 and 61: 26 July, 2012 Third possible outcom
Page 62 and 63: 26 July, 2012 Altered process WNU-S
Page 64 and 65: 26 July, 2012 Stochastic effects Ca
Page 66: Radiation mutates DNA 26 July, 2012
Page 69 and 70: 26 July, 2012 Radioepidemiology (Ep
Page 71 and 72: 26 July, 2012 Difficult to assess!
Page 73 and 74: 26 July, 2012 The radium dial paint
Page 75 and 76: 26 July, 2012 ..the Mayak cohort of
Page 77 and 78: …all these victims of radiation e
Page 79 and 80: Solid Cancer Mortality 47 years of
Page 81 and 82: 26 July, 2012 Hereditable Effects W
Page 83 and 84: The risk is so low that the estimat
Page 85 and 86: 26 July, 2012 Antenatal Effects WNU
Page 87 and 88: 26 July, 2012 1000mSv = IQ WNU-Summ
Page 89: Latest news 89
Page 96 and 97: Likelihood of health effects 100% (
Page 98 and 99: 26 July, 2012 Take away points WNU-
Page 100 and 101: Dose Very low dose: about 10 mSv or
Page 102 and 103: Remember! 1. Radiation exposure at
Page 104 and 105: Additional information to the FIRST
Page 106 and 107: Physics and chemistry Biology 10 -1
Page 108 and 109: New UNSCEAR’s assessments Epidem
Page 110 and 111: 26 July, 2012 Chernobyl workers,
Page 112 and 113: 26 July, 2012 Adaptive Response + M
Page 114 and 115: The role of apoptosis (cell killing
Page 116 and 117: 26 July, 2012 Genomic instability
Page 118 and 119: Challenge to the paradigm Mutation
Page 120 and 121: Bystander effects The so-called “
Page 122 and 123: 26 July, 2012 Signals via intercell
Page 124 and 125: 26 July, 2012 WNU-Summer Institute
Page 126 and 127: 26 July, 2012 Effects in another or
Page 128 and 129: Does radiation exposure affect the
Page 130 and 131: (1) The International Organizations
Page 132 and 133: UNSCEAR 26 July, 2012 WNU-Summer In
Page 134 and 135: Member States on UNSCEAR Argentina
Page 137 and 138: ICRP 26 July, 2012 WNU-Summer Insti
Page 139 and 140: First ICRP meeting 1928 139
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Page 143 and 144: 26 July, 2012 The International Ato
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to establish standards IAEA statuto
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International Labour Organisation 1
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(2) The International Radiation Pro
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Total background incidence of effec
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Detriment-adjusted Nominal Risk Coe
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Time Protection basic dogma Shiel
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The principles of radiological prot
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The Principle of Justification •
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adioactive discharges (bad) Is the
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Justification!
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Detriment Detriment +Social cost Op
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Restrictions: Restrictions: dose li
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Source constraint 26 July, 2012 171
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The principle of protection of futu
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D Doses after 1 year of operation 1
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Doses after 3 years of operation D
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Types of exposure situations
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Planned exposure situations, are si
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Emergency exposure situations, •
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Emergency exposure situations Extan
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Doses to be constrained are those c
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Guidance for the protection of pati
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Workers (voluntary and individually
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The female worker: protecting the u
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Members of the Public (involuntary
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Natural background radiation (plann
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Doses to be constrained are those c
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‘Interventions’ (in existing an
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CRITERIA FOR INTERVENING (Extant An
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The use of a reference level in an
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(4) The International Regime 26 Jul
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“For their efforts [i] to prevent
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Legally Binding Conventions 213
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Convention on Assistance in the Cas
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Joint Convention on the Safety of S
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International Radiation Safety Stan
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Long experience 1962: first interna
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Safety Standards Hierarchy Safety F
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Safety Principles 1: Responsibilit
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Provisions for the application of t
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WNU-Summer Institute 230
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Take away points 1. Additional dose
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Download into your computer the fil
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Additional information to the SECON
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Policy Implications on effects at l
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Certainty (100%) 26 July, 2012 Like
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Dealing with uncertainties Is it pl
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Nominal statistical uncertainty dis
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26 July, 2012 Cumulative probabilit
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26 July, 2012 Cumulative probabilit
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Policy Implications: plausibility o
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Attributability Attribute: regard s
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Control group “N” people “C
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Limitation of knowledge in The sta
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Dose (mSv ( mSv) 10 2 10 1 10 -0 10
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C H E R N O B Y L
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Radiation Doses Average over 10 yea
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Dose (mSv ( mSv) 10 2 10 1 10 -0 Ch
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The ‘liquidators’ “ЛIКВIД
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agonzale@arn.gob.ar 26 July, 2012 T
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Radiation Protection Radiation Protection

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