Radiation Protection Radiation Protection

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Exposure to natural sources Source Global average dose Typical range (mSv per year) (mSv per year) External exposure Cosmic rays 0.4 0.3 to 1.0 Terrestrial gamma rays 0.5 0.3 to 1.0 Internal exposure Inhalation (mainly radon) 1.3 0.2 to 10 Ingestion 0.3 0.2 to 1.0 Total 2.4 1 to 13 highest…up to above 100! 14
Medical sources
Page 1 and 2: WNU-Summer Institute 2012 Christ Ch
Page 3 and 4: FIRST PART Epistemology: Radiation
Page 5 and 6: Radioactive substance (radioactivit
Page 7 and 8: Absorbed dose, D (gray or rad) Radi
Page 9 and 10: Activity (Bq) Fluence (cm-2 Fluence
Page 11 and 12: Natural Cosmic Cosmic rays Terrestr
Page 13: OSU, Stillwater, OK, USA, February
Page 17 and 18: Annual average per-caput dose (in m
Page 20 and 21: Military activities 20
Page 22 and 23: Annual effective dose (mSv) Doses d
Page 24 and 25: Global average levels Natural sourc
Page 26 and 27: Annual effective dose (mSv) 6 5 4 3
Page 28 and 29: Annual per caput dose (mSv) for USA
Page 30 and 31: (3) Recent Developments on the epis
Page 32 and 33: 26 July, 2012 WNU-Summer Institute
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Page 36 and 37: 26 July, 2012 Radiation harm to DNA
Page 39: Many other mutations occur due to D
Page 43 and 44: 26 July, 2012 0.5 Mev WNU-Summer I
Page 45 and 46: 26 July, 2012 Chromosomes deletions
Page 48 and 49: 26 July, 2012 Chromosomal aberratio
Page 50 and 51: 26 July, 2012 Probability of mutati
Page 52 and 53: 26 July, 2012 First possible outcom
Page 54 and 55: 26 July, 2012 Cell killingat around
Page 60 and 61: 26 July, 2012 Third possible outcom
Page 62 and 63: 26 July, 2012 Altered process WNU-S
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26 July, 2012 Stochastic effects Ca
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Radiation mutates DNA 26 July, 2012
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26 July, 2012 Radioepidemiology (Ep
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26 July, 2012 Difficult to assess!
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26 July, 2012 The radium dial paint
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26 July, 2012 ..the Mayak cohort of
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…all these victims of radiation e
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Solid Cancer Mortality 47 years of
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26 July, 2012 Hereditable Effects W
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The risk is so low that the estimat
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26 July, 2012 Antenatal Effects WNU
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26 July, 2012 1000mSv = IQ WNU-Summ
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Latest news 89
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Likelihood of health effects 100% (
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Likelihood of health effects 100% (
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26 July, 2012 Take away points WNU-
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Dose Very low dose: about 10 mSv or
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Remember! 1. Radiation exposure at
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Additional information to the FIRST
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Physics and chemistry Biology 10 -1
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New UNSCEAR’s assessments Epidem
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26 July, 2012 Chernobyl workers,
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26 July, 2012 Adaptive Response + M
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The role of apoptosis (cell killing
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26 July, 2012 Genomic instability
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Challenge to the paradigm Mutation
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Bystander effects The so-called “
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26 July, 2012 Signals via intercell
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26 July, 2012 WNU-Summer Institute
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26 July, 2012 Effects in another or
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Does radiation exposure affect the
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(1) The International Organizations
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UNSCEAR 26 July, 2012 WNU-Summer In
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Member States on UNSCEAR Argentina
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ICRP 26 July, 2012 WNU-Summer Insti
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First ICRP meeting 1928 139
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141
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26 July, 2012 The International Ato
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to establish standards IAEA statuto
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International Labour Organisation 1
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(2) The International Radiation Pro
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Total background incidence of effec
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Detriment-adjusted Nominal Risk Coe
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Time Protection basic dogma Shiel
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The principles of radiological prot
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The Principle of Justification •
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adioactive discharges (bad) Is the
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Justification!
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Detriment Detriment +Social cost Op
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Restrictions: Restrictions: dose li
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Source constraint 26 July, 2012 171
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The principle of protection of futu
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D Doses after 1 year of operation 1
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Doses after 3 years of operation D
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Types of exposure situations
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Planned exposure situations, are si
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Emergency exposure situations, •
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Emergency exposure situations Extan
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Doses to be constrained are those c
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Guidance for the protection of pati
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Workers (voluntary and individually
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The female worker: protecting the u
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Members of the Public (involuntary
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Natural background radiation (plann
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Doses to be constrained are those c
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‘Interventions’ (in existing an
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CRITERIA FOR INTERVENING (Extant An
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The use of a reference level in an
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(4) The International Regime 26 Jul
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“For their efforts [i] to prevent
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Legally Binding Conventions 213
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Convention on Assistance in the Cas
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Joint Convention on the Safety of S
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International Radiation Safety Stan
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Long experience 1962: first interna
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Safety Standards Hierarchy Safety F
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Safety Principles 1: Responsibilit
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Provisions for the application of t
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WNU-Summer Institute 230
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Take away points 1. Additional dose
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Download into your computer the fil
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Additional information to the SECON
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Policy Implications on effects at l
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Certainty (100%) 26 July, 2012 Like
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Dealing with uncertainties Is it pl
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Nominal statistical uncertainty dis
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26 July, 2012 Cumulative probabilit
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26 July, 2012 Cumulative probabilit
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Policy Implications: plausibility o
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Attributability Attribute: regard s
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Control group “N” people “C
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Limitation of knowledge in The sta
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Dose (mSv ( mSv) 10 2 10 1 10 -0 10
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C H E R N O B Y L
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Radiation Doses Average over 10 yea
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Dose (mSv ( mSv) 10 2 10 1 10 -0 Ch
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The ‘liquidators’ “ЛIКВIД
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agonzale@arn.gob.ar 26 July, 2012 T
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Radiation Protection Radiation Protection

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