Radiation Protection Radiation Protection

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Take away points 1. Additional doses to members of the public should not exceed 1 millisievert in a year 2. Total doses to workers should not exceed 20 millisievert in a year, , except for emergency workers () ( () ) and pregnant workers () ( () 3. Existing doses to members of the public of several tens of millisieverts, , e.g. following an accident, will justify intervention with special protective measures, but if the doses are around 1 millisievert intervention may not be justifiable. 26 July, 2012 WNU-Summer Institute 238
Take away points 1. There is a growing international safety regime 2. Obey the international conventions 3. Comply with the international requirements 4. Follow the international guides 5. Use the IAEA application mechanisms 26 July, 2012 239 WNU-Summer Institute 239
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WNU-Summer Institute 2012 Christ Ch
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FIRST PART Epistemology: Radiation
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Radioactive substance (radioactivit
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Absorbed dose, D (gray or rad) Radi
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Activity (Bq) Fluence (cm-2 Fluence
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Natural Cosmic Cosmic rays Terrestr
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OSU, Stillwater, OK, USA, February
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Medical sources
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Annual average per-caput dose (in m
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Military activities 20
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Annual effective dose (mSv) Doses d
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Global average levels Natural sourc
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Annual effective dose (mSv) 6 5 4 3
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Annual per caput dose (mSv) for USA
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(3) Recent Developments on the epis
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26 July, 2012 WNU-Summer Institute
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26 July, 2012 Radiation harm to DNA
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Many other mutations occur due to D
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26 July, 2012 0.5 Mev WNU-Summer I
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26 July, 2012 Chromosomes deletions
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26 July, 2012 Chromosomal aberratio
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26 July, 2012 Probability of mutati
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26 July, 2012 First possible outcom
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26 July, 2012 Cell killingat around
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26 July, 2012 Third possible outcom
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26 July, 2012 Altered process WNU-S
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26 July, 2012 Stochastic effects Ca
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Radiation mutates DNA 26 July, 2012
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26 July, 2012 Radioepidemiology (Ep
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26 July, 2012 Difficult to assess!
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26 July, 2012 The radium dial paint
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26 July, 2012 ..the Mayak cohort of
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…all these victims of radiation e
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Solid Cancer Mortality 47 years of
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26 July, 2012 Hereditable Effects W
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The risk is so low that the estimat
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26 July, 2012 Antenatal Effects WNU
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26 July, 2012 1000mSv = IQ WNU-Summ
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Latest news 89
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Likelihood of health effects 100% (
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Likelihood of health effects 100% (
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26 July, 2012 Take away points WNU-
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Dose Very low dose: about 10 mSv or
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Remember! 1. Radiation exposure at
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Additional information to the FIRST
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Physics and chemistry Biology 10 -1
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New UNSCEAR’s assessments Epidem
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26 July, 2012 Chernobyl workers,
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26 July, 2012 Adaptive Response + M
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The role of apoptosis (cell killing
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26 July, 2012 Genomic instability
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Challenge to the paradigm Mutation
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Bystander effects The so-called “
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26 July, 2012 Signals via intercell
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26 July, 2012 WNU-Summer Institute
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26 July, 2012 Effects in another or
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Does radiation exposure affect the
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(1) The International Organizations
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UNSCEAR 26 July, 2012 WNU-Summer In
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Member States on UNSCEAR Argentina
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ICRP 26 July, 2012 WNU-Summer Insti
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First ICRP meeting 1928 139
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141
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26 July, 2012 The International Ato
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to establish standards IAEA statuto
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International Labour Organisation 1
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(2) The International Radiation Pro
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Total background incidence of effec
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Detriment-adjusted Nominal Risk Coe
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Time Protection basic dogma Shiel
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The principles of radiological prot
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The Principle of Justification •
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adioactive discharges (bad) Is the
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Justification!
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Detriment Detriment +Social cost Op
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Restrictions: Restrictions: dose li
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Source constraint 26 July, 2012 171
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The principle of protection of futu
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D Doses after 1 year of operation 1
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Doses after 3 years of operation D
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Types of exposure situations
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Planned exposure situations, are si
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Emergency exposure situations, •
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Emergency exposure situations Extan
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Page 189 and 190: Guidance for the protection of pati
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Page 195 and 196: The female worker: protecting the u
Page 197 and 198: Members of the Public (involuntary
Page 199 and 200: Natural background radiation (plann
Page 201 and 202: Doses to be constrained are those c
Page 203 and 204: ‘Interventions’ (in existing an
Page 205 and 206: CRITERIA FOR INTERVENING (Extant An
Page 207 and 208: The use of a reference level in an
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Page 211 and 212: “For their efforts [i] to prevent
Page 213 and 214: Legally Binding Conventions 213
Page 215 and 216: Convention on Assistance in the Cas
Page 217 and 218: Joint Convention on the Safety of S
Page 219 and 220: International Radiation Safety Stan
Page 221 and 222: Long experience 1962: first interna
Page 223 and 224: Safety Standards Hierarchy Safety F
Page 225: Safety Principles 1: Responsibilit
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Page 240 and 241: Download into your computer the fil
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Page 244 and 245: Policy Implications on effects at l
Page 246 and 247: Certainty (100%) 26 July, 2012 Like
Page 248 and 249: Dealing with uncertainties Is it pl
Page 250 and 251: Nominal statistical uncertainty dis
Page 252 and 253: 26 July, 2012 Cumulative probabilit
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Page 258 and 259: Attributability Attribute: regard s
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Page 264 and 265: Dose (mSv ( mSv) 10 2 10 1 10 -0 10
Page 266 and 267: C H E R N O B Y L
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Page 275: The ‘liquidators’ “ЛIКВIД
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agonzale@arn.gob.ar 26 July, 2012 T
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