THE EGYPTIAN FOUNDATIONS OF GNOSTIC THOUGHT

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Lesko, Leonard H. The Ancient Egyptian Book of Two Ways. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1972. Lewis, Naphtali. Life in Egypt under Roman Rule. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984. _________ Greeks in Ptolemaic Egypt: Case Studies in the Social History of the Hellenistic World. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986. Lewy, Hans. Chaldaean Oracles and Theurgy: Mysticism Magic and Platonism in the Later Roman Empire. 1956, Reprint. Paris: Études Augustiniennes, 1978. Lexa, Frantisek. Das demotische Totenbuch der Pariser Nationalbibliothek. Leipzig: J.C. Hinrichs, 1910. __________ “La Légende Gnostique sur Pistis Sophia et le Mythe ancien Égyptien sur l’oeil de Ré.” In Egyptian Religion. Vol.1, no.1-3. April, 1933. Lichtheim, Miriam. Ancient Egyptian Literature. 3 Vols. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1975, 1976, 1980. __________ Late Egyptian Wisdom Literature in the International Context. Fribourg, Switzerland: Universitätsverlag, 1983. Lilla, Salvatore R.C. Clement of Alexandria: A Study in Christian Platonism and Gnosticism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971. Lloyd, Alan B. “The Late Period, 664-323 BC.” In Ancient Egypt: A Social History, edited by B.G. Trigger, B.J. Kemp, D. O’Connor, A.B. Lloyd, 279-348. 1983. Reprint. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. Long, A.A. Hellenistic Philosophy: Stoics, Epicureans, Sceptics. 2nd ed. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1986. MacDermott, Violet, ed. The Coptic Gnostic Library. Vol. XIII, The Books of Jeu and the Untitled text in the Bruce Codex. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1978. __________ ed. Pistis Sophia. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1978.
Magee, Bryan. The Philosophy of Schopenhauer. 1983. Reprint. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987. Malaise, Michel. “Isisme et Gnosticisme.” In Gnosticisme et monde hellénistique, Actes du Colloque de Louvaine-la-Neuve (11-14 mars 1980), edited by Julien Ries. Louvain-la-Neuve: Institut Orientaliste, 1982. Manchester, Peter. “The Religious Experience of Time and Eternity.” In Classic Mediterranean Spirituality, edited by A.H. Armstrong, 384-407. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd, 1986. Manetho. Aegyptiaca, translated by W.G. Waddell. 1940. Reprint. Loeb Classical Library, 1980. Mansfield, J. “Bad World and Demiurge: A ‘Gnostic’ Motif from Parmenides and Empedocles to Lucretius and Philo.” In Studies in Gnosticism and Hellenistic Religions, edited by R. van den Broek and M.J. Vermaseren, 261-314. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1981. Martin, Luther, H. Jr. “The Anti-Philosophical Polemic and Gnostic Soteriology in ‘The Treatise on the Resurrection’ (CG I,3).” Numen 20 (1973): 20-37. __________ Hellenistic Religions.Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987. Maystre, Charles. Les grands prêtres de Ptah de Memphis. Freiburg, Switzerland: Universitätsverlag, 1992. Meeks, Dimitri. “Génies, Anges, Démons en Égypte.” In Sources Orientales VIII, Génies, Anges et Démons. Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1971. Merkelbach, Reinhold, and Maria Totti. Abrasax: Ausgewählte Papyri Religiösen und Magischen Inhalts. Band 1, Gebete. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag GmbH, 1990.
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THE EGYPTIAN FOUNDATIONS OF GNOSTIC
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VC Vigiliae Christianae ZÄS Zeitsc
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Part I - Problems of Interpretation
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underworld demonic forces. A fragme
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Gnosis, in its most advanced Hellen
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ackground of those scholars who tur
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ased textual exclusivity for the Na
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lown Christian-Gnostic text make, a
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originations 26 ; finally, the Pist
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esentment against pernicious Fate a
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which supply the earliest examples
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etween a temporal and spatial Sourc
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creator-god Atum can be seen as the
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Let us note the remarkable link bet
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dualism in outlook, one which resul
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this positioning of intelligence, a
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in the Heliopolitan version, is the
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disruptive act which has major theo
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of an event”. 66 This distinction
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projects, who are king’s sons”.
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evolution, a priori or posteriori a
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sparked by the unruly impulse of fr
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The Egyptian netherworld is filled
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Chapter Three: Dualism in pre-Alexa
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1) The physical realm is inferior t
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equates the notion of “evil Demiu
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views were aired amongst the litera
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were intermarrying with Egyptian wo
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imperial unity. This, in part, was
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individual involved the “discover
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the regime was committed to support
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third century B.C.E. Alexandria, 46
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focus upon the library of Alexandri
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Plutarch, writing around 118 C.E.,
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This was accomplished at ground lev
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Alexandria before the Syrian garris
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in the ancient world supplied the
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Chapter Five: The Magical Papyri In
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Janet Johnson, in her accompanying
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We note that the idea of the theogo
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Name”and “The Archangelic (Book
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I list out the skills or qualities
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This is the knowledge of the living
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Hear me, my Father, thou father of
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all, also separating himself from t
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alteration of name-endings. 82 The
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What liberates is the knowledge of
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Chapter Six: The Development of Cop
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Egyptians in the language of Egypt
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“Early Coptic”, and as a workin
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must constantly bear in mind, howev
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I turn now to examine very briefly
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In Coptic we have the spoken langua
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environment of Alexandria, and her
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Christians eventually chose Coptic
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and mysterious texts of Egypt must
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It is an interesting feature of Mid
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Ammonius Saccas (c. 210 C.E.) of Eg
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formlessness and disorder”. 22 Th
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The picture here is in accord with
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House of Glory agreed with her word
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the Didaskalikos (Guide to the Doct
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Father, thereby receiving the Forms
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doctrines in Egypt. The fact that h
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different philosophical positions,
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Atum is depicted as lying inert in
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of countable aspects of time”. 91
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tradition, arises from the percepti
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Other examples follow: Then when sh
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wished to make a world. I say ‘he
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The Books of Jeu, whose mind revels
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disciples is flattened by the ideat
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12 syzygies (pairs of aeons) The la
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descends to earth. Once on earth, H
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pre-date Mani - likely a part of a
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ineffable one, the invisible one, t
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And in what way did the unbegotten
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etween priesthood and laity in cult
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this while professing “perfect in
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of the temples. 72 This socio-econo
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Chapter Nine: Egyptian Manichaeism
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There has also been a strong tenden
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I have not been deaf to the words o
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suppressed other divinities (and co
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(Keph. 65 161.12) 33 ...it shows al
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Ho all living upon the earth, and t
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hath worshipped the sun or any of t
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is a level beneath the Treasury of
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is used twice in association with t
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south, a more “worldly” stance
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Part III - The Egyptian Foundations
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The King was fashioned by Nu at his
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existent. In essence, the whole iss
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The appearance of the female creati
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informed those who live in the Abys
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But Kalyptos is a single aeon; he h
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Ennead: Parent=Deep=NUN Demiurge/Pa
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Such stories of the heavens you wou
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Chapter Eleven: The Heliopolitan Th
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abble - shall I say, of criminals o
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It is revealing, to say the least,
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formation of human syzygies, or “
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so arbitrary to Irenaeus is also on
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manuscripts we shall be examining d
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Egypt” and who claims that “I a
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Pleroma, not without leaving her da
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There does not yet exist in English
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The core myth is not substantially
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NHC II,1 20.14-28 41 And he sent, b
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without male involvement: “I have
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Chapter Thirteen: The Seth Principl
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Egyptian word khenenu “confusion
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tractate reveals a solid Heliopolit
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The “Seth-principle” also perta
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continued status as creator god, hi
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inquiry into these matters can be f
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of course it attains a distinct res
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partial Demotic version dating to t
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... I restored the Eye after it had
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nowhere, it can be present as a mot
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I am the name of the sound and the
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If we defined “theology” as “
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aura of power about the philologist
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used in different ways, even if it
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transforming process and how the pr
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The nhh/dt split shows up in Hermet
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shall destroy itself [........] The
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Plotinus’ philosophical explorati
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used in different ways, even if it
Page 260 and 261:
transforming process and how the pr
Page 262 and 263: The nhh/dt split shows up in Hermet
Page 264 and 265: shall destroy itself [........] The
Page 266 and 267: Plotinus’ philosophical explorati
Page 268 and 269: Greek syncretistic endeavours in Eg
Page 270 and 271: the patristic writers for having an
Page 272 and 273: of political texts, and it either t
Page 274 and 275: Christianity (this due to the fact
Page 276 and 277: virtual Bakunins of the time whose
Page 278 and 279: language itself. It is clear that t
Page 280 and 281: alienness in this sense, as well, p
Page 282 and 283: Book of Thom. the Contender [7] 9 0
Page 284 and 285: well-preserved original manuscript,
Page 286 and 287: Appendix B A Genealogy of Egyptian
Page 288 and 289: 6. Speusippus ( ca. 407-339 B.C.E.)
Page 290 and 291: 9. Plutarch ( ca. 85 C.E.) MONAD IN
Page 292 and 293: 12. The Valentinian Theogony Accord
Page 294 and 295: Ennead: Parent=Deep=NUN Demiurge/Pa
Page 296 and 297: NHS, vol.XXXI: Nag Hammadi Codices
Page 298 and 299: Arthur, Rose Horman. The Wisdom God
Page 300 and 301: Betz, Hans Dieter. “The Formulati
Page 302 and 303: Brown, Peter. “The Diffusion of M
Page 304 and 305: de Buck, Adriaan, De Godsdienstige
Page 306 and 307: Fairman, H.W. The Triumph of Horus.
Page 308 and 309: Griffith, F. Ll and Herbert Thompso
Page 310 and 311: Johnson, Janet H. The Demotic Verba
Page 314 and 315: Meyer, Marvin W. The Ancient Myster
Page 316 and 317: __________ Mythological Papyri: Tex
Page 318 and 319: Robinson, James M., ed. The Nag Ham
Page 320 and 321: Sethe, Kurt. “Das Verhältnis zwi
Page 322 and 323: Till, Walter C. and Hans-Martin Sch
Page 324: Yamauchi, Edwin M. Pre-Christian Gn
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