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Calopteryx splendens (Harris) Banded demoiselle Description This damselfly is, with C. virgo, the largest that occurs in Britain and Ireland and, like that species, it has brightly coloured wings. In both sexes, the wings are narrower than those of C. virgo. In males, there is a broad iridescent dark blue patch on each wing, extending from the node towards the wing tip, and the body is metallic blue-Teen. The wings of the female are transparent pale green, due to the vein coloration, with a white false-pterostigma on each wing near the apex, and the body is metallic green-bronze. Despite the difference in wing coloration and breadth between females of C. splendens and C. virgo, inexperienced observers should exert caution in separating the two species unless both are present at the same site and a direct comparison can be made. Habitat C. splendens favours slow-flowing rivers, often meandering and with muddy bottoms, in which to breed, and may also be found along the margins of canals and, very rarely, lakes. It frequently perches on tall emergent and bankside vegetation such as reed canary-grass and may occur in large numbers. Breeding biology The males are territorial, but population densities can be quite high. Like C. virgo, males of C. splendens perform an aerial courtship dance in front of the perched female. In the dance, the wings are moved alternately, not together as on other occasions (Ruppell 1985). Copulation takes about one minute. The female oviposits alone into the tissues of floating and emergent plants, eg water-crowfoot and yellow flag, sometimes going completely under water to do so. The male guards her by hovering or perching nearby. The larvae, which live amongst submerged vegetation and plant debris, can thrive in quite muddy water and usually take two years to develop. Emergence usually occurs on the stems of tall bankside plants, but also on short grasses at the top of near-vertical sandy banks. The teneral stage is short, and may last for only two days. Flight periods C. splendens is on the wing from late May to the end of August, and is often found with species such as Platycnemis penmpes, Ischnura elegans and, occasionally, C. virgo. Status and distribution C. splendens is widely distributed in lowland areas of both southern Britain and Ireland, thinning out westward to the extent that it is scarce or absent throughout much of Cornwall and Caernarvon in Britain, and Co Mayo, western Co Galway and Co Kerry in Ireland. It is absent from most of northern England, although a small population has been present on the Solway Plain in Cumbria for many years, and it has recently been discovered on the Rivers Wansbeck and Blyth in Northumberland, the latter record in 1991, too late to include on the map. C. splendens is absent from Scotland, unless perhaps a small colony awaits discovery somewhere in lowland Border country Sélys- Longchamps (1846) recorded it as Scottish, having seen it in the collection of a Mr Wilson in Edinburgh in 1845. C. splendens was recorded as being abundant at Fyvie, Aberdeenshire, by Trail (1878), but this record was doubted by Evans (1911), who thought it must be C. virgo, noting the tendency for the latter species in Scotland to be 'more or less hyaline at the base and tip of the wings in the male'. Whichever of the two species it was, it has not been mapped, because of the uncertainty. European and world C. splendens is found throughout most of Europe, though not the Iberian distribution peninsula, and its range extends east to China. There are several subspecies. 30
Calopteryx splendens (Harris) Banded demoiselle 1975-90 o 1950-74 O Pre-1950 i o o g *N I 41 o 6:410 17):e" sumo -0 3 0 ./) 0 O 000 0 0 000 00 0 0 000 000 0 00 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 e o 00 o o 0 ses e0 mam 44 um 00 cm o oimm, iimme sum doe o 0411 moose* o o- so* Some o Imo wpm mill swum oo mimp 0 0 31 00 0 vim 0 moo 004,00 00 0000 00 000 00 0000 000 0 0 0000 000 00 0500 00 0 000000 000 000 0 00 00 0 000 000000 00000 500 00 00 00 00000 00000 000 0 00 0000 0000000 0 0000 000 0000000 00000000 00 00 0000 00 0 0000 0000 05 00000 00000 00 0 00 0 0 00 000 00 0 0 0 0000000. 00 0060 0410 0 00 4100 00 0000000 0 000 00 000 0 00 00000000 041 00 000 0 o
Page 2 and 3: Cover photograph: Aeshna juncea Ins
Page 4 and 5: @ NERC Copyright 1996 ISBN 0 11 701
Page 7 and 8: FOREWORD Having been on the fringe
Page 9 and 10: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The following list
Page 11 and 12: Howard, G.; Howard, LW; Howe, M.; H
Page 13: Walker, D.S.; Walker, FA; WaLker, I
Page 16 and 17: CHECKLIST The following checklist i
Page 18 and 19: Aeshna mixta Latreille 1805 Aeschna
Page 20 and 21: THE BRITISH AND IRISH ODONATA IN A
Page 22 and 23: of distributions of dragonflies usi
Page 24 and 25: I 00 o o Figure 3. Map of coverage
Page 26 and 27: ,o " Figure 5. Map of coverage at t
Page 28 and 29: FIELDWORK AND DATA MANAGEMENT METHO
Page 30 and 31: areas, and encouraged in this by bo
Page 32 and 33: Table 3. Distribution of each speci
Page 34 and 35: Table 4 (con°. Vice-county distrib
Page 36 and 37: Table 4 (cont). Vice-county distrib
Page 38 and 39: Computerisation and validation Havi
Page 40 and 41: dominance of one individual over an
Page 42 and 43: RESIDENT SPECIES Description Habita
Page 46 and 47: Description Flight periods Status a
Page 48: Description Lestes dryas Kirby Scar
Page 51 and 52: Platycnemis pennipes (Pallas) White
Page 53 and 54: Pyrrhosoma nymphula (Sulzer) 1975-9
Page 55 and 56: Erythromma najas (Hansemann) 1975-9
Page 57 and 58: Coenagrion mercuriale (Charpentier)
Page 59 and 60: Coenagrion scituluni (Rambur) Daint
Page 61 and 62: Coenagrion hastulatuni (Charpentier
Page 63 and 64: Coenagrion lunulatum (Charpentier)
Page 65 and 66: Coenagrion armatum (Charpentier) No
Page 67 and 68: Coenagrion puella (Linnaeus) Azuxe
Page 69 and 70: Coenagrion pulchellum (Vander Linde
Page 71 and 72: Enallagma cyathigerurn (Charpentier
Page 73 and 74: Ischnura pumilio (Charpentier) Scar
Page 75 and 76: Ischnura elegans (Vander Linden) 19
Page 77 and 78: Ceriagrion tenellurn (Villers) 1975
Page 79 and 80: Aeshna caerulea (Strom) Azure hawke
Page 81 and 82: Aeshna juncea (Linnaeus) Common haw
Page 83 and 84: Montiaghs Moss, near Aghalee, Co An
Page 85 and 86: Sundon Springs chalk quarry, near L
Page 87 and 88: PLATE 1 Calopteryxvirgo adult PLATE
Page 89 and 90: PLATE 13 Libellula fulva adult PLAT
Page 91 and 92: Aeshna mixta Latreile Migrant hawke
Page 93 and 94: Aeshna cyanea (Muller) Southern haw
Page 95 and 96:
Aeshna grandis (Linnaeus) Brown haw
Page 97 and 98:
Aeshna isosceles (Muller) Norfolk h
Page 99 and 100:
Anax imperator Leach Emperor dragon
Page 101 and 102:
Brachytron pratense (Muller) Hairy
Page 103 and 104:
Gomphus vulgatissimus (Linnaeus) 19
Page 105 and 106:
Cordulegaster boltonii (Donovan) Go
Page 107 and 108:
Cordulia aenea (Lin.naens) Downy em
Page 109 and 110:
Somatochlora metallica (Vander Lind
Page 111 and 112:
Somatochlora arctica (Zetterstedt)
Page 113 and 114:
Oxygastra curtisii (Dale) Orange-sp
Page 115 and 116:
Libellula quadrimaculata Linnaeus 1
Page 117 and 118:
Libellula fulva Mailer Scarce chase
Page 119 and 120:
Libellula depressa Linnaeus 1975-90
Page 121 and 122:
Orthetrum cancellatum (Linnaeus) 19
Page 123 and 124:
Orthetrum coerulescens (Fabricius)
Page 125 and 126:
Sympetrum striolaturn (Charpentier)
Page 127 and 128:
Sympetrum sanguineum (Muller) Ruddy
Page 129 and 130:
Sympetruni danae (Sulzer) 1975-90 o
Page 131 and 132:
Leuconhinia dubia (Vander Linden) W
Page 133 and 134:
IMIVLIGRANTS AND ACCIDENTAL SPECIES
Page 135 and 136:
POSSIBLE ADDITIONS TO THE BRITISH A
Page 137 and 138:
SEASONAL OCCURRENCE PREVIOUS REPRES
Page 139 and 140:
700 600 500 400 300. 200 100 0 90 8
Page 141 and 142:
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 90 80 70 60 50
Page 143 and 144:
Finally, differences in recorder be
Page 145 and 146:
ODONATA LOCALITY 6411 V10E-COUNTY N
Page 147 and 148:
Particularly in the case of residen
Page 149 and 150:
conditions and which may be of grea
Page 151 and 152:
1960s from its single locality alon
Page 153 and 154:
pond. One of the authors did this o
Page 155 and 156:
REFERENCES Aguilar, J. d', Dommange
Page 157 and 158:
Gabb, R. & Kitching, D. 1992. The d
Page 159 and 160:
Coenagrion rnercuriale (Charpentier
Page 161 and 162:
Dee'. Transactions of the Natural H
Page 163 and 164:
Circumboreal Occurring in a band en
Page 165 and 166:
Marl A whitish clay soil with a hig
Page 167 and 168:
Vulvar scale WATCH Weald Wheel posi
Page 169 and 170:
Appendix 2. LIST OF PLANT NAMES Pla
Page 171:
Libefiula depressa 5,6,14,17,18,19,
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