Download - NERC Open Research Archive - Natural Environment ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Status and distribution Pyrrhosoma nymphula (Sulzer) Lar ge r ed damselfly Description This is one of the two red damselflies found in Britain, and the only one to occur in Ireland. It is much the commoner of the two species and can readily be distinguished from Ceriagnon tenellum, the other red damselily, by the prominent red or yellow antehumeral stripes, and black legs. It is also a much more robust damselfly In males, the deep red and black coloration of the thorax and abdomen makes the species an attractive sight. The eyes of both sexes are also red, duller in females. The female occurs in three colour forms: in one the abdomen is mainly black, and the other two vary in the extent of black on the red abdomen. European and world distribution Habitat P. nymphula is found in a very wide range of habitats in Britain and Ireland, including acid bogs, the quieter stretches of quite fast streams and rivers, and also in well-vegetated ponds, canals and ditches. It can occur in slightly brackish water (Long-field 1937). Breeding biology The adults of P, nymphula are very territorial. Their highest steady density is about 30 per 100 m of water's edge. Copulation takes about 15 minutes and the eggs are inserted into the tissues of submerged plants or the underside of floating leaves of plants, such as pondweed, with the male in tandem. The larvae, which live amongst roots and bottom debris, usually take two years to develop, but can take one year, or, at high larval densities, three years (Macan 1974). It is one of the few species known to be territorial in the larval stage. Successful territorial behaviour results in larger larvae and hence greater reproductive success as adults (Harvey & Corbet 1985). Flight periods P. nymphula has a synchronised emergence and is one of the first dragonflies on the wing, from late April onwards in south-western counties. There is a second, smaller, unsynchronised emergence in the summer, and a few adults may be on the wing until early September. Adults take 6-15 days to mature (Corbet & Harvey 1989). Reproductively mature adults may then live about a week on average, some surviving 35-45 days. In some small peat pools and acid seepages in upland areas, P nymphula may be the only dragonfly present. Elsewhere, it can be found with almost all our other dragonfly species, including C. tenellum in southern England and Wales. P nymphula is widespread as a breeding species in Britain and Ireland, occurring as far north as the Orkneys. However, in some chalk counties, notably Wiltshire, it is a scarce species and is absent from many sites which support other dragonflies. It has declined in the intensively cultivated areas of eastern England, such as the Fens, except where there is very clean, unpolluted water. Pyrrhosoma is one of the few genera that is confined to the Palaearctic region. nymphula is widespread throughout most of Europe, although thinning out towards the south in some Mediterranean countries, and absent from several larger Mediterranean islands. Its range extends into Asia, and Morocco in North Africa. 38
Pyrrhosoma nymphula (Sulzer) 1975-90 o 1950-74 O Pre-1950 e i . . 0 limo . a 00 0:00 41 : : :1°. :::::07 00 00 000000 00 ::. :::" 00 0 00000 011 00000 0000 00 o 1: of 0 b 00 000 00 00 SO 0: 000 00 GP 00 000 00 0000 0 00 000 000 000 0 00000 000 0 000000 0000 0 00000 00 90000 0 000 000 0 000 00 00o 4100 00 o 0000 00 ... es lim ulo moo moo sl me 05e5 0411 00 000 00 0 000 .1110 rohlolii WNW 0000 00 0 0000 0000 00 000 . 000 "0 Oo .%. 041 0 0 "00 000 i o 00 00 00 00 0 411. 411 o o. 4, S. .. 0 0000 00 00 000 0000 000 000 o o 000 00 0000 0000 0 0 0 0000000 000000 000000 0000 0500000 00 000 00 000 00 5. 000 00 0000 00 0 00 00 0 000 000 000 ..,,, 0 :::* ' o 0 : 411 . 0 o 0 000 000 000 00000 0000000 00000000 00000000 00000 000 0000 00000000 00000 000 0000 000 000 00 000 0500 0 009 o 0(20 0000 0 00000 0000 0000000 00 00 00 00000000 500 0000 00 00 0 411041 0 Of of 000 00 000 000 000 00 00 000 000 00 00 0 000 00 00 00 000 410 00 000 o 00 50 00 00000 00 00000000 00000000 0 0 000 00 000 00 00 000 000000 00 *0000 000 000 00 0000 00 0000 0000 000000 00 00000000 00 04100000 0000 00 00000000 0041 4100 0000 000 0 41000000 0 39 Large red damselfly
Page 2 and 3: Cover photograph: Aeshna juncea Ins
Page 4 and 5: @ NERC Copyright 1996 ISBN 0 11 701
Page 7 and 8: FOREWORD Having been on the fringe
Page 9 and 10: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The following list
Page 11 and 12: Howard, G.; Howard, LW; Howe, M.; H
Page 13: Walker, D.S.; Walker, FA; WaLker, I
Page 16 and 17: CHECKLIST The following checklist i
Page 18 and 19: Aeshna mixta Latreille 1805 Aeschna
Page 20 and 21: THE BRITISH AND IRISH ODONATA IN A
Page 22 and 23: of distributions of dragonflies usi
Page 24 and 25: I 00 o o Figure 3. Map of coverage
Page 26 and 27: ,o " Figure 5. Map of coverage at t
Page 28 and 29: FIELDWORK AND DATA MANAGEMENT METHO
Page 30 and 31: areas, and encouraged in this by bo
Page 32 and 33: Table 3. Distribution of each speci
Page 34 and 35: Table 4 (con°. Vice-county distrib
Page 36 and 37: Table 4 (cont). Vice-county distrib
Page 38 and 39: Computerisation and validation Havi
Page 40 and 41: dominance of one individual over an
Page 42 and 43: RESIDENT SPECIES Description Habita
Page 44 and 45: Calopteryx splendens (Harris) Bande
Page 46 and 47: Description Flight periods Status a
Page 48: Description Lestes dryas Kirby Scar
Page 51: Platycnemis pennipes (Pallas) White
Page 55 and 56: Erythromma najas (Hansemann) 1975-9
Page 57 and 58: Coenagrion mercuriale (Charpentier)
Page 59 and 60: Coenagrion scituluni (Rambur) Daint
Page 61 and 62: Coenagrion hastulatuni (Charpentier
Page 63 and 64: Coenagrion lunulatum (Charpentier)
Page 65 and 66: Coenagrion armatum (Charpentier) No
Page 67 and 68: Coenagrion puella (Linnaeus) Azuxe
Page 69 and 70: Coenagrion pulchellum (Vander Linde
Page 71 and 72: Enallagma cyathigerurn (Charpentier
Page 73 and 74: Ischnura pumilio (Charpentier) Scar
Page 75 and 76: Ischnura elegans (Vander Linden) 19
Page 77 and 78: Ceriagrion tenellurn (Villers) 1975
Page 79 and 80: Aeshna caerulea (Strom) Azure hawke
Page 81 and 82: Aeshna juncea (Linnaeus) Common haw
Page 83 and 84: Montiaghs Moss, near Aghalee, Co An
Page 85 and 86: Sundon Springs chalk quarry, near L
Page 87 and 88: PLATE 1 Calopteryxvirgo adult PLATE
Page 89 and 90: PLATE 13 Libellula fulva adult PLAT
Page 91 and 92: Aeshna mixta Latreile Migrant hawke
Page 93 and 94: Aeshna cyanea (Muller) Southern haw
Page 95 and 96: Aeshna grandis (Linnaeus) Brown haw
Page 97 and 98: Aeshna isosceles (Muller) Norfolk h
Page 99 and 100: Anax imperator Leach Emperor dragon
Page 101 and 102: Brachytron pratense (Muller) Hairy
Page 103 and 104:
Gomphus vulgatissimus (Linnaeus) 19
Page 105 and 106:
Cordulegaster boltonii (Donovan) Go
Page 107 and 108:
Cordulia aenea (Lin.naens) Downy em
Page 109 and 110:
Somatochlora metallica (Vander Lind
Page 111 and 112:
Somatochlora arctica (Zetterstedt)
Page 113 and 114:
Oxygastra curtisii (Dale) Orange-sp
Page 115 and 116:
Libellula quadrimaculata Linnaeus 1
Page 117 and 118:
Libellula fulva Mailer Scarce chase
Page 119 and 120:
Libellula depressa Linnaeus 1975-90
Page 121 and 122:
Orthetrum cancellatum (Linnaeus) 19
Page 123 and 124:
Orthetrum coerulescens (Fabricius)
Page 125 and 126:
Sympetrum striolaturn (Charpentier)
Page 127 and 128:
Sympetrum sanguineum (Muller) Ruddy
Page 129 and 130:
Sympetruni danae (Sulzer) 1975-90 o
Page 131 and 132:
Leuconhinia dubia (Vander Linden) W
Page 133 and 134:
IMIVLIGRANTS AND ACCIDENTAL SPECIES
Page 135 and 136:
POSSIBLE ADDITIONS TO THE BRITISH A
Page 137 and 138:
SEASONAL OCCURRENCE PREVIOUS REPRES
Page 139 and 140:
700 600 500 400 300. 200 100 0 90 8
Page 141 and 142:
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 90 80 70 60 50
Page 143 and 144:
Finally, differences in recorder be
Page 145 and 146:
ODONATA LOCALITY 6411 V10E-COUNTY N
Page 147 and 148:
Particularly in the case of residen
Page 149 and 150:
conditions and which may be of grea
Page 151 and 152:
1960s from its single locality alon
Page 153 and 154:
pond. One of the authors did this o
Page 155 and 156:
REFERENCES Aguilar, J. d', Dommange
Page 157 and 158:
Gabb, R. & Kitching, D. 1992. The d
Page 159 and 160:
Coenagrion rnercuriale (Charpentier
Page 161 and 162:
Dee'. Transactions of the Natural H
Page 163 and 164:
Circumboreal Occurring in a band en
Page 165 and 166:
Marl A whitish clay soil with a hig
Page 167 and 168:
Vulvar scale WATCH Weald Wheel posi
Page 169 and 170:
Appendix 2. LIST OF PLANT NAMES Pla
Page 171:
Libefiula depressa 5,6,14,17,18,19,
show all

Download - NERC Open Research Archive - Natural Environment ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?