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Description Male C. lunulatum are predominantly blue and black, and are quite distinctive Habitat Breeding biology Flight periods Status and distribution European and world distribution Coenagrion lunulatum (Charpentier) Irish damselfly — unlike any other resident damselfly in Ireland. The sides of the thorax shade from blue dorsally to apple-green ventrally The sides of the abdomen are apple-green, as are the eyes. The abdomen is blue and black dorsally with much more black than is present on male C. hastulatum, which it superficially resembles. There are two small black bars on the sides of abdominal segment 2, and a transverse crescent mark anterior to the junction with segment 3. Females are dark with greenish sides to the thorax and abdomen, and can be distinguished from females of other species with which they may be found by the shape of the hind margin of the pronotum, which has a distinct median lobe. In the Irish midlands, C. lunulatum breeds on several slightly alkaline mesotrophic lakes and a valley fen. The lakes possess lush marginal vegetation, including common club-rush, common reed, bogbean and slender sedge/bottle sedge swamp, as well as floating macrophytes such as white water-lily and pondweeds. At the valley fen site, C. lunulatum is confined to several open pools bordered by bogbean and slender sedge swamp (Speight & Legrand 1984). In northern Ireland, C. lunulaturn occurs on small peaty mesotrophic lakes, some of which are probably mildly acidic, in marginal hill country with similar, though sparser, vegetation to the midland sites; and in the Lough Neagh area, it is found on several sheltered, well-vegetated pools in cut-over bogs (Nelson 1986; Rippey & Nelson 1988). C. lunulaturn appears to be non-territorial and can occur at high densities, although in Ireland most of the populations appear to be fairly small (Rippey & Nelson 1988). Females insert their eggs into the tissues of aquatic plants, in tandem. The life history of this species in Ireland has been studied only partially to date. C. lunulatum is on the wing from late May to late July. It can be found with C. pulchellum, Aeshna juncea, Brachytron pratense and other species of lakes, fens and cut-over bogs. C. lunulaturn has not been found in Britain, and is a recent addition to the Irish list: it was discovered in Co Sligo on 28 June 1981 by P Archer and D C F Cotton (Cotton 1982). Since then, many sites have been discovered, mostly in the north of Ireland. Much speculation has centred on why this species was not found earlier, in view of the fieldwork that had been done in Ireland in previous decades. However, much of Ulster, where most of the newly discovered sites have occurred, had never received a great deal of attention in the past, and it could easily have been overlooked further south. It is almost certainly still under-recorded in the midlands. In Britain, similar habitat occurs in Galloway, Cumbria, Anglesey and elsewhere, but, as yet, C. lunulaturn has not been found. C. lunulatum is a northern European species found on the continent from The Netherlands and Scandinavia eastwards to Siberia and Japan. Outlying populations occur in the Massif Central and the French Alps. 48
Coenagrion lunulatum (Charpentier) Irish damselfly 1975-90 o 1950-74 O Pre-1950 000 So. 00 .: 49 0
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Cover photograph: Aeshna juncea Ins
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@ NERC Copyright 1996 ISBN 0 11 701
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FOREWORD Having been on the fringe
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The following list
Page 11 and 12: Howard, G.; Howard, LW; Howe, M.; H
Page 13: Walker, D.S.; Walker, FA; WaLker, I
Page 16 and 17: CHECKLIST The following checklist i
Page 18 and 19: Aeshna mixta Latreille 1805 Aeschna
Page 20 and 21: THE BRITISH AND IRISH ODONATA IN A
Page 22 and 23: of distributions of dragonflies usi
Page 24 and 25: I 00 o o Figure 3. Map of coverage
Page 26 and 27: ,o " Figure 5. Map of coverage at t
Page 28 and 29: FIELDWORK AND DATA MANAGEMENT METHO
Page 30 and 31: areas, and encouraged in this by bo
Page 32 and 33: Table 3. Distribution of each speci
Page 34 and 35: Table 4 (con°. Vice-county distrib
Page 36 and 37: Table 4 (cont). Vice-county distrib
Page 38 and 39: Computerisation and validation Havi
Page 40 and 41: dominance of one individual over an
Page 42 and 43: RESIDENT SPECIES Description Habita
Page 44 and 45: Calopteryx splendens (Harris) Bande
Page 46 and 47: Description Flight periods Status a
Page 48: Description Lestes dryas Kirby Scar
Page 51 and 52: Platycnemis pennipes (Pallas) White
Page 53 and 54: Pyrrhosoma nymphula (Sulzer) 1975-9
Page 55 and 56: Erythromma najas (Hansemann) 1975-9
Page 57 and 58: Coenagrion mercuriale (Charpentier)
Page 59 and 60: Coenagrion scituluni (Rambur) Daint
Page 61: Coenagrion hastulatuni (Charpentier
Page 65 and 66: Coenagrion armatum (Charpentier) No
Page 67 and 68: Coenagrion puella (Linnaeus) Azuxe
Page 69 and 70: Coenagrion pulchellum (Vander Linde
Page 71 and 72: Enallagma cyathigerurn (Charpentier
Page 73 and 74: Ischnura pumilio (Charpentier) Scar
Page 75 and 76: Ischnura elegans (Vander Linden) 19
Page 77 and 78: Ceriagrion tenellurn (Villers) 1975
Page 79 and 80: Aeshna caerulea (Strom) Azure hawke
Page 81 and 82: Aeshna juncea (Linnaeus) Common haw
Page 83 and 84: Montiaghs Moss, near Aghalee, Co An
Page 85 and 86: Sundon Springs chalk quarry, near L
Page 87 and 88: PLATE 1 Calopteryxvirgo adult PLATE
Page 89 and 90: PLATE 13 Libellula fulva adult PLAT
Page 91 and 92: Aeshna mixta Latreile Migrant hawke
Page 93 and 94: Aeshna cyanea (Muller) Southern haw
Page 95 and 96: Aeshna grandis (Linnaeus) Brown haw
Page 97 and 98: Aeshna isosceles (Muller) Norfolk h
Page 99 and 100: Anax imperator Leach Emperor dragon
Page 101 and 102: Brachytron pratense (Muller) Hairy
Page 103 and 104: Gomphus vulgatissimus (Linnaeus) 19
Page 105 and 106: Cordulegaster boltonii (Donovan) Go
Page 107 and 108: Cordulia aenea (Lin.naens) Downy em
Page 109 and 110: Somatochlora metallica (Vander Lind
Page 111 and 112: Somatochlora arctica (Zetterstedt)
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Oxygastra curtisii (Dale) Orange-sp
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Libellula quadrimaculata Linnaeus 1
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Libellula fulva Mailer Scarce chase
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Libellula depressa Linnaeus 1975-90
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Orthetrum cancellatum (Linnaeus) 19
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Orthetrum coerulescens (Fabricius)
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Sympetrum striolaturn (Charpentier)
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Sympetrum sanguineum (Muller) Ruddy
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Sympetruni danae (Sulzer) 1975-90 o
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Leuconhinia dubia (Vander Linden) W
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IMIVLIGRANTS AND ACCIDENTAL SPECIES
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POSSIBLE ADDITIONS TO THE BRITISH A
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SEASONAL OCCURRENCE PREVIOUS REPRES
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700 600 500 400 300. 200 100 0 90 8
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70 60 50 40 30 20 10 90 80 70 60 50
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Finally, differences in recorder be
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ODONATA LOCALITY 6411 V10E-COUNTY N
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Particularly in the case of residen
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conditions and which may be of grea
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1960s from its single locality alon
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pond. One of the authors did this o
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REFERENCES Aguilar, J. d', Dommange
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Gabb, R. & Kitching, D. 1992. The d
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Coenagrion rnercuriale (Charpentier
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Dee'. Transactions of the Natural H
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Circumboreal Occurring in a band en
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Marl A whitish clay soil with a hig
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Vulvar scale WATCH Weald Wheel posi
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Appendix 2. LIST OF PLANT NAMES Pla
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Libefiula depressa 5,6,14,17,18,19,
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