Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol, and Addictive Behavior (vol

INDEX Vol. 1: pp. 1–474; Vol. 2: pp. 475–946
Barbiturates—(Continued)
derivatives (See specific derivatives, e.g.,
Barbital)
drug interactions and, 439
GABA and, 161
vs. glutethimide, 579
iatrogenic addiction and, 900–901
oxidation of, 447
for polydrug withdrawal, 1195–1196
types of, 161
WHO and, 1366
withdrawal from (See Withdrawal, from
barbiturates)
Barco, Vergilio, 285–286
Barley, 165
Bartels, John R., Jr., 1296
Barton, Bill, 837
Barton, Pat, 837
Bassin, Alex, 1135
Baudelaire, Charles, 592–593
Bayer Corp., 594, 815
Beacon House, 68
Beatles (Group), 378
Becker, Hortense Koller, 549
Beecher, Henry, 980–981
Beer, 164–167, 406–407. See also Alcohol
advertising and, 39, 40, 41
brewing capacity, 166
brewing companies, 166
consumption, 166
hops introduction, 79
Beer Institute, 41
Beers, Clifford, 1120
Behavior
abuse liability testing and, 6, 988–990
ADHD and, 154
alcohol effects on, 861, 940–941
amphetamine effects on, 112–113, 224
assessment of impaired, 939–940
barbiturate effects on, 160
caffeine effects on, 210, 211, 212–213
children (See Children, behavior and later
substance abuse)
cocaine effects on, 224–225, 270–271
compulsive (See Compulsions)
conditioned (See Conditioning)
craving and, 355, 356–357
disease concept and, 403
environmental effects on, 994–995,
998–999
excessive (See Excessive behaviors)
expectancies and, 512–514
high-risk (See High-risk behaviors)
limbic system and, 687–689
methylphenidate effects on, 725
motivation and (See Motivation)
nicotine effects on, 786–787
observational studies and, 976
opioids effects on, 227
pain and, 828
past events and, 999–1000
phencyclidine effects on, 866, 869
reinforcement and, 952–954, 1002–1005,
1005
repetitive stereotyped (See Repetitive
stereotyped behavior)
research on drugs and, 974–980
BAC and, 977
dose-response relationship, 975
schedule-controlled (See Schedulecontrolled
behavior)
sexual (See Sexual behavior)
telescoping substance abuse, 1357
Behavior therapy, 168–170, 238, 1217,
1225–1227. See also Conditioning
for ADHD, 156–157
for alcoholism, 1141–1143, 1146–1148
for cocaine addiction, 1162–1168
cognitive (See Cognitive-behavior therapy)
expectancies and, 513
for families, 1237–1238
for tobacco addiction, 1205–1207,
1208–1211, 1350
Behavioral addictions, 1048. See also specific
behaviors, e.g., Gambling addiction
Behavioral economics, 167–170
Behavioral modification. See Behavior
therapy
Behavioral tolerance, 112–113, 170–171
Beliefs. See Expectancies; Values and beliefs
Belize
as cannabis source, 1054
crop control in, 375
Belladonna, 587
Bellamy, Edward, 1119
Belushi, John, 435
Benadryl. See Diphenhydramine
Benezet, Anthony, 1077
Bennett, James V., 275
Bennett, William J.
ONDCP and, 1281, 1286, 1297–1298
treatment policy and, 887, 1128
Benzedrine. See Amphetamines
Benzene, 643
Benzodiazepines, 171–178, 1020–1021
with alcohol, 59, 941
alcohol-related aggression and, 53
for alcoholism, 1251–1252, 1342
as barbiturate replacement, 159, 160,
163–164
for barbiturate withdrawal, 163
chemical structure of, 172
as chloral hydrate replacement, 255
for cocaine addiction, 1254
complications from, 178–182, 334
derivatives (See specific derivatives, e.g.,
Alprazolam)
drug interactions and, 439
as glutethimide replacement, 579
iatrogenic addiction and, 620–621, 901
imaging techniques and, 624–625
memory and, 711
for polydrug withdrawal, 1195–1196
receptor interaction, 174
types of, 173
WHO and, 1366–1367
withdrawal from, 175–176, 180–181,
464, 1021, 1343–1345
Benzoylecognine, 182, 182
Benzoylecognine ethyl ester. See
Cocaethylene
Berson, Solomon A., 627
Beta blockers. See Adrenergic betaantagonists
Beta-carbolines, 174
Beta-endorphins
cocaine and, 301
glucose metabolism and, 297
memory and, 712
Betancur, Belisario, 285
Betel nut, 144, 182–185, 183
Betty Ford Center, 1139
Betz neurons, 775
Beverage World International, 41, 166–167
Bhang, 185. See also Cannabis sativa
Bias, Len, 14, 493
Bicuculline, 710, 711
‘‘Big Book.’’ See The 12 Steps to Recovery
Bill W.
AA founding and, 90
Al-Anon founding and, 64
house of, 1266
1828
twelve steps and, 1213, 1261, 1264–1265
Binding (Immunoassays), 626
Binges
of alcohol, 38, 957
of cocaine, 224, 227, 267, 270, 1158
of methamphetamines, 723
Bioavailability, 846
Biological causes of substance abuse,
223–232, 226. See also Genetics
brain structures and, 194–196, 195
marijuana, 1188
research on, 963–964
Biological crop control, 374
Biological determinism concept of substance
abuse. See Disease concept of
substance abuse
Biopsychosocial model, 401–402, 403–404
of gambling addictions, 553–555
mental hygiene movement and,
1120–1121
prevention programs and, 481
of relapse, 955
Bipolar disorder, 326–327
Birth defects. See Pregnancy and substance
abuse
Birth order, 516–517
Birth weight, 542, 899–900. See also Fetal
development
Black jack (Inhalant), 643
Black market. See also Crime
for amphetamines, 115, 116–119
for anabolic steroids, 127
in Britain, 199, 201–204, 598
regulation and, 682, 880
triplicate prescription and, 1267–1268
Blackouts, from alcohol, 292–293, 319
Bleuler, Eugen, 1015–1016
Blinding (Clinical testing), 966
Block grants, 1128
for criminal justice, 217, 1113, 1273
Reagan administration and, 1127
for substance abuse, 1116
Substance Abuse Prevention and
Treatment program, 1291
for welfare, 1336
Blood alcohol concentration, 188
accidents and, 8–9, 419–420
alcohol dehydrogenase and, 305
body fat and, 859, 1321
breath tests and, 197–198
CNS depressant effects and, 70–71
driving drunk and, 422, 470, 471, 939,
975
effects of, 187
legal thresholds for, 186, 455
measures of, 185–187, 858–859
peak levels, 859
pharmacokinetics of, 857, 858
psychomotor skills and, 939, 940–941
Blood-brain barrier and heroin, 594
Blood drug testing, 454, 459
Blood flow, cerebral. See Cerebral blood flow
Bloods (Gang), 572
BLS. See Bureau of Labor Statistics
BNDD. See Bureau of Narcotics and
Dangerous Drugs
Body fat
BAC and, 188, 859, 1321
tobacco and, 339
women’s substance abuse and, 1357
Boggs Act of 1951, 132
Bolivia, 188–190, 189, 545
coca plant use in, 264, 266, 875
as cocaine source, 655, 656, 656–657,
658, 666, 1054
crop control in, 375, 376