Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol, and Addictive Behavior (vol

Vol. 3: pp. 947–1372; Vol. 4: pp. 1373–1864 INDEX
DES. See Diethylstilbestrol
Designer drugs, 383–385, 384, 589–590
Controlled Substances Act of 1970 and,
352
MPTP and, 746
WHO and, 1366
Desipramine, 135–136
alcohol pharmacotherapy and, 1155–1156
for cocaine addiction, 1254–1255
polydrug addiction and, 1170–1171,
1196
withdrawal symptoms, 1159, 1170
Desmethyldiazepam, 172
Desoxyn. See Methamphetamines
Desperation phase of gambling, 563
DET. See Dimethyltryptamine
Deterrence
for drunk driving, 472
for tobacco addiction, 1205
Detoxification, 385, 1216. See also
Withdrawal
from alcohol, 73–74
from cocaine, 1158–1159
from heroin, 1182
myths about, 748
naltrexone and, 752–753, 970
nonmedical, 1246–1249
from opioids, 804–805
pharmacotherapy for, 1219
from polydrug addiction, 1195–1196
Detroit, Michigan and gangs, 567, 568,
571–572
Dews, Peter, 1003
Dexamethasone, 705
Dexfenfluramine, 902
Dextroamphetamine, 111–112, 385, 722
Diabetes, elderly, alcohol and, 61
Diacetylmorphine. See Heroin
3, 6-diacetylmorphine. See Heroin
Diagnosis of substance abuse, 385–393
abuse vs. harmful use, 389
alcoholism, 1143
DAST, 147, 147–148
dependence syndrome criteria, 390
family therapy and, 1234
gambling addiction, 551–555
heroin, 1174
HIV Risk Assessment Battery, 148–150
polydrug addiction, 1190
T-ACE screening test, 150–151, 151
withdrawal symptoms (See Withdrawal)
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders-IV, 393–395
abuse vs. harmful use, 388, 389
on ADHD, 154–155
on alcohol disorders, 102–103, 399
on antisocial personality disorder,
137–138
on conduct disorder, 346–347
on craving, 356
on dependence syndrome, 23–24,
314–315, 383, 388–393, 401, 402,
disease10t
criteria for, 390
withdrawal symptoms, 392
DIS and, 395, 396–397
on gambling, 551–552, 553, 560
on nicotine withdrawal, 1348–1349
on personality disorders, 843–844
on polydrug addiction, 1194
purposes of, 386
on schizophrenia, 1015–1016
structured clinical interview for (See
Structured clinical interview for
DSM-IV)
substance abuse definition, 176
Diagnostic Criteria for Research (ICD), 655
Diagnostic Interview Schedule, 154, 387,
395–397
Diamonds (Gang), 571, 572–574
Diamorphine. See Heroin
Dianova. See Le Patriarche
Diazepam, 173. See also Benzodiazepines
abuse liability of, 176–177
for alcoholism, 1251–1252
for anxiety, 178
for barbiturate withdrawal, 163
behavioral economics and, 168
interactions with alcohol, 435
metabolism of, 172
methadone with, 177
for neonatal withdrawal symptoms, 17
for status epilepticus, 174–175
WHO and, 1366–1367
withdrawal symptoms, 180–181
Didanosine, 1061
Diet pills. See Anorectic agents
Diethylstilbestrol, 220
Digestive cancers and alcohol, 219–220, 306
Digoxin and immunoassays, 627, 628–629
Dihydromorphine, 397, 397
Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. See Dopa
3, 4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. See
Dopamine
Dilaudid. See Hydromorphone
Dimethyltryptamine, 397–398, 398, 589,
1024
3, 7-dimethylxanthine. See Theobromine
Dionysus (Greek deity), 77–79
Diphenhydramine, 1021
Direct-to-consumer drug advertising, 43–44
DIS. See Diagnostic Interview Schedule
Disability programs, Social Security,
483–485
Discontinuance syndrome. See Withdrawal
Discrimination (Drug)
abuse liability testing and, 3, 6
animal research on, 988–989, 992–993
conditioning and, 971–974
dose-response relationship, 973
phencyclidine and, 863
DISCUS, 41, 408–410
The Disease Concept of Alcoholism, 1124
Disease concept of substance abuse,
398–405
AA and, 90, 1214, 1266–1267
CA and, 1162–1163
criteria for, 400
defined, 400
gambling and, 560–561
history of treatment and, 1123–1125
inebriate asylums and, 1118–1120
Minnesota Model and, 1244, 1245
myths about, 748–749
NA and, 757
NCADD and, 759
treatment methods and, 1190–1191
Dispositional tolerance, 25
Disruptive behavior disorder. See Attention
deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Dissociative anesthetics. See Ketamine;
Phencyclidine
Distillation, 405–406
moonshine and, 741
stills for, 1055
Distilled spirits, 40–41, 406–408, 407, 408
Distilled Spirits Council of the United States,
Inc., 41, 408–410
Distribution of drugs in the body, 849,
851–852, 852
alcohol, 71–72
drug testing and, 450
1835
Disulfiram, 410–412
with alcohol, 59, 60, 61, 74, 307, 436
for alcoholism, 436, 463, 970, 1152, 1252
behavioral economics and, 168–170
clinical trial on, 1151–1152
for cocaine polydrug addiction,
1170–1171, 1196
liver disorders and, 311
Diuretics, caffeine as, 212–213
Divorce and substance abuse, 516, 526
DMT. See Dimethyltryptamine
Doctors. See Physicians
Dogoloff, Lee I.
DPO and, 1280, 1285
SAODAP and, 1302
Dogs for drug detection, 412–414, 413
Dole, Vincent, 716, 717, 818–819, 1125
Dolophine. See Methadone
DOM, 414, 589–590, 1024
chemical structure of, 414, 590, 707
Domestic Council Drug Abuse Task Force,
1284
Domestic violence. See Family violence
Donfeld, Jeffrey, 1309
Dopa
conversion of, 223
dopamine and, 414
Dopamine, 414–415, 1154
alcohol and, 233, 1154, 1252
amantadine and, 106
amphetamine effects on, 111, 224,
225–226, 226
amygdala and, 122
antisocial personality disorder and, 138
cocaethylene and, 267
cocaine effects on, 106, 111, 224–226,
226, 269, 271, 1347
pharmacotherapy for, 1159, 1254
prolactin and, 1168–1169
conversion of, 223
dynorphin and, 474
euphoric properties of drugs and,
193–196, 194, 195
hallucinations and, 586, 589–590
harmine effects on, 157
intracranial self-stimulation and, 1007
limbic system and, 688–689
MDMA and, 707
memory and, 712
motivation and, 984–985
neurotransmission and, 194, 777–779,
780–781
opioids effects on, 228–232
Parkinson disease and, 746
reinforcement and, 24, 465
ventral tegmental area and, 1308–1309
Dopaminergic agents, for cocaine
withdrawal, 1170
Doping Compounds Act of 1992 (Sweden),
1067
Doral. See Quazepam
Doriden. See Glutethimide
Dose-response relationship, 415–416
agonist-antagonist interactions, 134–135
for caffeine, 211–212, 213
for coca plant use, 266
drug discrimination and, 973
ED50 and, 477
effects of, 415
LD50 and, 682
log scale effects of, 415
memory and, 710, 712–713
for methadone, 715
pharmacodynamics and, 845
Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 560
Double-doctoring, 747