Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol, and Addictive Behavior (vol

INDEX Vol. 1: pp. 1–474; Vol. 2: pp. 475–946
Phenethylamine-type hallucinogens,
589–590, 590, 707, 715
WHO and, 1365–1366
Phenobarbital, 871
as anticonvulsant, 160, 163–164
for barbiturate withdrawal, 163
chemical structure of, 871
first use of, 159
for inflammatory disorders, 160
for neonatal withdrawal symptoms, 17
oxidation of, 447
stimulants and, 160
Phenothiazines, 59, 137
Phenylethylamine, 256
Phenylpiperidines, 713, 799–800
Phenylpropanolamine, 1108
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
cocaine treatment study, 1159–1160
General Hospital, 1122
Philip Morris Co.
Bill of Rights exhibit, 49
cigarette brands, 1094–1095
price competition and, 1097–1098
Philippines. See also Filipino Americans and
alcohol
betel nut use in, 183
as methamphetamine source, 119
Phobias, 139, 174
Phoenix House, 839, 1135
Physical abuse. See Child abuse; Family
violence
Physical dependence, 871. See also
Addiction; Dependence syndrome
on alcohol, 73
on amphetamines, 114
on anabolic steroids, 127–128
on barbiturates, 109, 162
on benzodiazepines, 175–176, 181, 1021
on betel nut mixtures, 184
on caffeine, 209, 212, 282
on codeine, 272
defined, 23–24
disease concept and, 399–402
on glutethimide, 579
on heroin, 595
iatrogenic addiction and, 620
on methaqualone, 724
on morphine, 742, 743
on nicotine, 784–785, 1348
on opioids, 228, 229–232, 257, 803–804,
809, 810
on phencyclidine, 864–865
tolerance and, 1109–1110
Physicians
abuse of drugs, 629–633
medical students, 629
opioids, 201–204, 809
by specialty, 631
British policy and, 1009–1010
Harrison Act and, 591–592
iatrogenic addiction and (See Iatrogenic
addiction)
multidoctoring and, 747
opium and, 814–815
prescription of addictive drugs by
in Britain, 201–204, 1011–1012
methamphetamines, 116
smoking cessation role, 1199
triplicate prescription and, 1267–1268
Physicians’ Desk Reference, 42, 109
Physiological measures of craving, 356
Picrotoxin, 710, 711
Pilocarpine, 183
Pilsner lagers, 165–166
Pioneer House, 1244
Piperbetle, 182–183
Pipermethysticum. See Kava
Pituitary gland
endocrine disorders and, 295–296
stress and, 1331–1332
Placidyl. See Ethchlorvynol
Plants, drugs from, 872–877, 873. See also
specific plants, e.g., Coca plant
hallucinogenic, 586–587
Plasma membrane (Neurons), 773, 774
Plasmodium parasites. See Malaria
Plato, 79
Plea bargaining, 445
Plutarch, 165
Pneumonitis, drug-induced, 105–106
Poisons, 877–878. See also Overdose;
Toxicity
antidotes for, 136–137
salicylic acid as, 448
Poisons Act of 1868 (Britain), 1010
Police. See Law enforcement
Policy. See also Drug laws
in Britain, 201–204, 597
dual approach and, 198–200
Rolleston report and, 1009–1012
in Italy, 668–669
in the Netherlands, 769–771
Policy (U.S.), 878–882
administrative authority and, 349–350
Anslinger, Harry J. and, 130–134
asset forfeiture and (See Asset forfeiture)
CASA and, 244
civil commitment programs (See Civil
commitment)
crop control (See Crop control policies)
decriminalization and (See
Decriminalization)
on drug prohibition, 882–888
ethnic considerations in, 507–508
Executive Office of the President and,
1278–1282
financial analysis and, 443–444
foreign (See Foreign policy (U.S.))
government organization of, 1282–1288
on harm reduction perspective (See Harm
reduction perspective)
on international drug trafficking, 666–667
Ledermann model and, 911–913
MADD and, 744–746
Marihuana Commission and, 701–702,
758–759
military, 634–635, 730–731
NCADD and, 759–760
ODAP and, 1296–1297
ONDCP and, 1297–1300
Operation Intercept and, 794–796
on opium, 591–592
private-sector, 635
public-sector, 635
RID and, 961–962
on safer drug use, 888–889
SAODAP and, 1300–1302
TLC-DPF and, 448–450
on tobacco, 1098
transit countries and, 1112–1113
welfare (See Welfare policy)
zero tolerance (See Zero tolerance policy)
Pollin, William, 838
Polo, Marco, 182–183
Polydrug abuse, 889
abuse liability testing and, 4–5
in adolescents, 34–35
with alcohol, 38
with anabolic steroids, 127
with barbiturates, 162–163
behavioral economics and, 167–168
with benzodiazepines, 177
1852
with club drugs, 264
with cocaine, 269, 1169, 1170–1171,
1347
crime and, 367
drug interactions, 434–437
fetal development and, 537
with inhalants, 647
with methadone, 718–719
with methaqualone, 724
NA founding and, 757
nutritional complications and, 339
with opioids, 811
simultaneous vs. concurrent, 1194
treatment for, 1189–1197
Polymerase chain reaction test, 1061
Polynesia, kava use in, 144–145
Poppy (Opium). See Opium
Porter beers, 165–166
Positive Health Project, 449, 765
Positive reinforcement. See Reinforcement
Positron emission tomography, 623–624
Possae Comitatus Act of 1876, 1274
Posselt, Wilhelm Heinreich, 783
Postal Service and law enforcement, 1274
Posttraumatic stress disorder, 328
Poverty, 889–892. See also Welfare
as child abuse factor, 246, 249–250
homelessness and, 613–618
in Latin Americans, 610
maintenance treatment and, 1125–1126
Powell v. Texas (1968), 945
Prazepam, 172, 173
Preaddictive personality. See Addictive
personality
Preclinical drug testing. See Abuse liability
of drugs, animal testing
Predictors of substance abuse. See
Vulnerability
Prednisone, 322–323, 1353–1354
Pregnancy and substance abuse, 892–900,
893–897, 1358. See also Fetal
development
acetaldehyde and, 307
addicted babies (See Addicted babies)
as child abuse, 246–248
cocaine and, 14–15
contingency management and, 1232
as family violence factor, 528
fertility rates of substance abusers, 247
fetal alcohol syndrome (See Fetal alcohol
syndrome)
HIV/AIDS and, 648, 651
methadone and, 719, 807
neurological complications and, 293
nutritional complications and, 339–340
tobacco and, 1103
treatment for, 1221
Prepared Foods, 166–167
Prescription drug abuse, 900, 900–902. See
also Drug abuse
advertising and, 42–46
alcohol and, 941
of amphetamines, 204
of barbiturates, 162, 204
Controlled Substances Act of 1970 and,
351
DEA and, 1272–1273
of heroin, 201–204, 598
multidoctoring and, 747
of opioids, 416, 808, 1122–1123
predictors of, 620
in Sweden, 1068
triplicate prescription and, 1267–1268
by women, 1356
Prescription Drug Marketing Act of 1987, 45