Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol, and Addictive Behavior (vol

Vol. 3: pp. 947–1372; Vol. 4: pp. 1373–1864 INDEX
Paraphernalia
as conditioned stimuli, 237
HIV and, 648
industry, 904
for injection, 342
laws against, 833–835, 834, 836, 904,
924, 926
Paraquat, in Mexico, 725, 727
Parasitic diseases, drugs and, 835
Paregoric, 835–836
for diarrhea, 820–821
vs. laudanum, 681–682
for neonatal withdrawal symptoms, 17
The Parent Collaboration, 838
Parent movement, 836–839
Parental Awareness and Responsibility,
1137–1138
Parenteral route of administration. See
Injection route of administration
Parents
as adolescent drug use factor, 33–34, 252,
517, 960
cannabis decriminalization and, 701–702
drug-exposed infants and, 539, 540, 899
prevention groups and, 288, 836–839,
884–885, 903–905
skills training for, 249–250, 251, 899
substance abuse and, 249–250, 251
treatment barriers for, 1359
Parents, Peers and Pot, 836, 837, 918
Parents’ Resource Institute for Drug
Education, 288, 837, 838, 918
Parietal lobe, 192
Parkinson disease
amantadine for, 106
ayahuasca for, 157
designer drug-induced, 383–384, 746,
747
Parnate. See Tranylcypromine sulfate
Paroxetine, 136
Partial agonists
buprenorphine as, 206
cocaine as, 224
for opioids, 797
Partial antagonists, 134–135
Partnership for a Drug-Free America,
839–840, 878, 906
Passive smoking, 1102
infants and, 542–543
social cost estimates and, 1052–1053
Pastore, Nicholas, 449
Pastrana, Andres, 286–287
Pataki, George, 1008
Patches (Nicotine), 786, 970, 1088,
1203–1205, 1255
Patent medicines. See Over-the-counter
drugs
Patient Placement Criteria for the Treatment
of Substance-Related Disorders,
Second Edition, 108
Patient-treatment matching
for alcoholism, 100–101, 1142, 1150
for polydrug addiction, 1193–1194
for tobacco addiction, 1200–1201,
1211–1212
Paul, Saint, 79
Paul Jones cigarettes, 1094–1095
Pavlov, Ivan, 412–413, 978, 979, 991, 997,
998
Paxil. See Paroxetine
PCP. See Phencyclidine
PCR. See Polymerase chain reaction test
Pedestrian accidents and alcohol, 8
Peer counseling, for polydrug addiction,
1191–1192
Peer groups and adolescents, 33, 518, 960.
See also Adolescents and substance
abuse
Peer-network therapy, for polydrug
addiction, 1191
Pellens, Mildred, 1082–1083
Pemoline, 156, 840, 840
Pennsylvania
Abraxas Foundation, 1138
Philadelphia General Hospital, 1122
Pentazocine
as mixed agonist-antagonist, 63
for pain, 832
WHO and, 1366
Pentobarbital, 163–164
People’s Temple, 379
Peptides. See Neuropeptides
Perchloroethylene, 645
Percodan. See Oxycodone
Percy, Charles H., 1286–1287
Performance. See Psychomotor skills
Peripheral neuropathy and alcohol, 319
Permanent Central Opium Board. See
International Narcotics Control
Strategy Board
Persia, ancient, and betel nut use, 183
Personal Responsibility and Work
Opportunity Reconciliation Act of
1996, 1336–1337
Personality disorders, 843–844. See also
specific personality disorders, e.g.,
Antisocial personality disorder
in adult children of alcoholics, 37–38
aggression and, 227, 525–526, 528
in alcoholics, 28
SCID-II and, 1057
state-related, 27, 28
substance abuse and, 327–328
Personality traits
of AA members, 92, 1261–1262
addictive (See Addictive personality)
of codependents, 273–274
MMPI and, 739–740
of opioid addicts, 808–809
of substance abusers, 240–244, 840–843,
1324–1325
Peru. See also Inca civilization
ayahuasca use in, 157
as cocaine source, 655–658, 656, 666,
1054
cocaine use in, 264, 265–266, 875
crop control in, 372–373, 376
foreign policy and, 545
terrorism in, 1082
PET scanning. See Positron emission
tomography
Peyote, 844–845, 845, 876
as hallucinogen, 586–587, 690–691
Native American use of, 357–358, 588,
714–715
Pfizer Corp., 43
Phagocytes. See Leukocytes
Pharmaceutical industry, advertising and,
42–46
Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers
of America, 44–46
Pharmacodynamic tolerance, 25
Pharmacodynamics, 845–846
drug interactions and, 434, 437, 438, 439
vs. pharmacokinetics, 853
Pharmacokinetic tolerance, 25
Pharmacokinetics, 846–849, 849, 849–856,
850, 852
of alcohol, 71–72, 856–861
concentration-time profiles, 860
elimination, 857
1851
peak BAC, 859
of benzodiazepines, 1020
of calcium carbimide, 215
of cannabis, 704
clearance, 853
of CNS depressants, 848
of cocaine, 268–269
distribution, 849, 852
drug interactions and, 434, 437, 438, 439
drug testing and, 450–453, 854
elimination, 451, 452
elderly and, 55–56
of freebasing, 546–548
of hallucinogens, 849
of khat, 678–679
metabolism, 851
of methadone, 717–718
of nicotine, 1101, 1202
of opioids, 847
of phencyclidine, 862–863
of stimulants, 847
Pharmacology, 424–425, 861
of antidotes, 136–137
behavioral (See Environmental factors)
of calcium carbimide, 215
of cannabis, 703, 704
of cocaine, 269
ethnic considerations and, 510
of heroin, 594
of methadone, 715
of MPTP, 746–747
of nicotine, 1101
psychological, 942–943
subjective effects measures and, 982–984
classes of drugs, 983
of tetrahydrocannabinol, 1083
Pharmacotherapy, 1218–1219, 1250–1256
for ADHD, 156
alcohol as, 336–337
for alcoholism, 1142–1143, 1150–1157,
1342
for bulimia nervosa, 206
carcinogenicity of, 220
for cocaine addiction, 1160, 1168–1171,
1254–1255, 1347
withdrawal symptoms, 1159
cross-tolerance, alcohol and, 306
elderly, alcohol and multiple drugs, 54,
56, 58–63
for heroin addiction, 1180–1184,
1253–1254
for HIV/AIDS, 1061
liver enzymes and, 312
methadone programs (See Methadone
maintenance programs)
naltrexone as (See Naltrexone treatment)
NIAAA research on, 1293
opioids in, 813–817
for pain, 257, 828–833, 830
for polydrug addiction, 1193, 1194–1197
research issues, 967–971
for schizophrenia, 1016
withdrawal from, 1351–1355
Pharmacy Acts of 1868 (Britain), 198–199,
814–815
Phase shift reward testing, 1006
Phenanthrenes, 820
Phencyclidine, 468–469, 862–867
adverse effects of, 867–871
aggression and, 53
crime and, 368
hallucinations and, 587–588, 1024
NMDA receptors and, 952
Phenelzine sulfate, 136