Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol, and Addictive Behavior (vol

INDEX Vol. 1: pp. 1–474; Vol. 2: pp. 475–946
Psychotropic Substances Convention of
1971—(Continued)
foreign policy and, 543–544
Sweden and, 1066
WHO and, 1364, 1365
PTSD. See Posttraumatic stress disorder
Public health
alcohol taxes and, 1074
British system and, 201–204, 596–597
drug policies and, 883–884
harm reduction perspective (See Harm
reduction perspective)
laws for, 31–33
MADD and, 745
NCADD and, 759–760
tobacco litigation funding for, 46
Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act of
1969, 50, 1092
Public Health Service. See U.S. Public
Health Service
Public Health Service Hospitals. See U.S.
Public Health Service Hospitals
Public intoxication, 944–946, 945
decriminalization of, 1246–1247
homelessness and, 615–616
Public lands and drug control, 1299
Public vs. private sector treatment,
1129–1130
Puerto Rican Americans, 610–611, 612–613
Pulmonary alveolar macrophages and
tobacco, 302
Pulmonary disorders. See Lung disorders
Pulmonary edema, 105–106, 743
Pulque, 77–78, 80–81
Pulvis Ipecacuanha Compositus. See Dover’s
Powder
Punishment schedules
contingency management and, 1256–1257
operant conditioning and, 1004, 1005
Punitive damages for drunk driving, 473
Pure Food and Drugs Act of 1906, 349,
424, 816, 883–884
Purgatives, betel nut mixtures as, 184
Puritans and alcohol beliefs, 80
Purkinje neurons, 775
Pyramid, 837
Pyramidal neurons, 775
Pyroligneous alcohol. See Methanol
Pyroxylic spirit. See Methanol
Q
Quaaludes. See Methaqualone
Quadazocine, 1196–1197
The Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol,
1012–1013
Quarterly Journal on Inebriety, 469
Quazepam, 173, 1020
Quincey, Thomas de, 814–815
Quinine, 343–344
Quitting smoking. See Smoking cessation
R
R. J. Reynolds Nabisco
antitrust litigation and, 1094, 1095
California lawsuit against, 48
Camel cigarettes, 51, 1094, 1098
education grant, 49
RAB(HIV), 148–150
Race. See Ethnicity
Racial profiling, 947–949. See also Ethnicity
Racketeering. See Organized crime
Racketeering Influenced and Corrupt
Organizations Statute of 1970, 445,
1273
Radioimmunoassays, 455, 584, 626, 627
Railroad Administration. See Federal
Railroad Administration
Rainey, Charles, 1137
Raleigh, Sir Walter, 872–874, 1091
Ramón y Cajal, Santiago, 771
RAND corporation, 96–100, 403,
1051–1052
Randomization, for clinical testing, 966
Rangel, Charles, 1287
Rape
date (See Date rape)
substance abuse and, 361, 1008, 1009
Rapid eye movement sleep. See also Sleep
amphetamine effects on, 111
barbiturate effects on, 160, 163, 164
benzodiazepine effects on, 175
Rapid tolerance, 26
Rate-dependency theory, 1003–1004
Rational authority, 949–950
Rational emotive therapy, 950
Rational Recovery, 94, 950–951, 1231,
1261, 1262
Rational Recovery from Alcoholism: The
Small Book, 950
Raves (Parties), 951, 951
Reagan, Nancy D.
DAPO and, 1280, 1285
‘‘Just Say No’’ campaign and, 1122, 1127
parent groups and, 837, 884–885, 926
Reagan, Ronald W., 666
Anslinger, Harry J. and, 133
DAPO and, 1280, 1285–1286
drug policy oversight and, 1287
Presidential Commission on Drunk
Driving, 469–470
prevention movements and, 837,
884–885, 926
Social Security and, 484
treatment policy and, 1127–1128
‘‘War on drugs’’ and, 1273–1274
workplace programs, 635
Rebound angina pectoris, 1352
Rebound anxiety, 1344
Rebound hypertension, 1351–1352
Rebound insomnia, from benzodiazepines,
176, 180, 1021, 1344
Receptors (Drug), 424–425, 952. See also
Agonists
biological causes of substance abuse and,
223–232, 226, 963–964
blockers (See Antagonists)
dopamine (See Dopamine)
drug discrimination and, 972
drug interactions and, 434–435
elderly and, 56
genetic vulnerability and, 233
morphine, 206
neurotransmitters and, 780–781
nicotine and, 784
NMDA (See NMDA)
norepinephrine, 790–791
opioid (See Opioid receptors)
phencyclidine and, 468–469
serotonin (See Serotonin)
Recidivism. See Relapse
Reciprocity for counselor certification,
933–934
Recovery training, 1259
Recreational drug use, 21–22
Redux. See Dexfenfluramine
ReeferMadness (Film), 131–132
Rehabilitation, drug, 1216, 1221
1854
Reimann, Ludwig, 783
Reinforcement, 952–954
abuse liability testing and, 2–3, 5–6
addiction and, 24–25, 194–196
of amphetamines, 112–113, 224
anhedonia and, 129
animal research on, 993
argot and, 141
in aversion therapy, 1228–1229
behavioral economics and, 167–170
biological response and, 223–224
classical conditioning and, 237–239
of cocaine, 224, 269
contingency management and, 1256–1257
craving and, 356
dependence syndrome and, 24–25
limbic system and, 688–689
operant conditioning and, 234, 235,
237–239, 1217
animal research on, 979, 997–998,
1001–1006, 1005
discriminative stimuli, 971–974
of opioids, 228–232
phencyclidine and, 865–866
salience and, 389–391
smoking cessation and, 1208–1209
tolerance and, 1109
urine testing and, 1160–1161
Relapse, 954–955
abstinence violation effect (See Abstinence
violation effect)
civil commitment and, 259, 755–756
of cocaine use, 224
coerced treatment and, 277–278
conditioning and, 234, 236, 238–239
craving and, 355
dependence syndrome and, 392, 393
drunk driving and, 471
expectancies and, 513
opioids and, 810, 811
processes of change model and, 931–932
sensation-seeking and, 1326–1327
tobacco and, 786, 787, 789, 1086
Wikler’s theory and, 1338–1339
Relapse prevention
for cocaine addiction, 1165
cognitive therapy for, 1229–1231
for heroin addiction, 1177–1178
model of addiction, 1330–1331
in psychotherapy, 1218
for tobacco addiction, 1211
Religion and drug use, 955–961
AA and, 89–90, 94, 1213, 1214,
1259–1260, 1265–1266
adolescents and, 957, 958, 959
alcohol beliefs and, 80–81, 145
in ancient Greece
ergot and, 377
use of drugs and, 357–358
cults (See Cults and substance abuse)
effect on drug policy, 882–883
gambling and, 554
Jews, alcohol and, 672–675
NA and, 1259–1260
Native Americans, 377–378, 588, 845,
876
temperance movement and, 82,
1077–1078, 1361
twelve step programs and, 503–504, 1214
Washingtonian Movement and, 1118
REM sleep. See Rapid eye movement sleep
Remove Intoxicated Drivers, 469–470,
961–962
Renal disorders, 324–325
elderly and, 56
meperidine and, 714