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Page 2 Plant-Bacteria Interactions Edited by Iqbal Ahmad, John ...

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Table 15.3 Types of metal ion phytoremediation technologies [39,42].<br />

Type Description Applicability<br />

. Potential for transport of metal ions to surface. <strong>Plant</strong> residue<br />

can be isolated as hazardous waste or recycled as metal ore<br />

. Use plant to transport metal ions from soil and<br />

concentrate into roots and aboveground shoots<br />

Phytoextraction<br />

that can be harvested<br />

. Stabilizing the metal ions present in the soil and the soil<br />

matrix to minimize erosion and migration of sediment<br />

. Use plants to limit the mobility and bioavailability<br />

of metal ions in soils <strong>by</strong> sorption, precipitation,<br />

complexation or reduction of metal valences<br />

Phytostablization<br />

15.3 Treatment of Metal Ions in Wastewaterj289<br />

. Is containment rather than removal<br />

. Can be used in the sites at which removal of metal ions is<br />

not economically feasible<br />

. Applicable for treatment of water only and is cost-effective for<br />

the treatment of large volumes of wastewater with low<br />

concentrations of metals<br />

. Use roots to absorb, concentrate and precipitate<br />

metal ions from wastewater<br />

Rhizofiltration<br />

. Use wetlands or reed beds for treatment of<br />

contaminated wastewater

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