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November 2011 - The Galena Territory

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www.thegalenaterritory.com<br />

By JULIE BRUSER<br />

Around Halloween, many<br />

people take time to learn about<br />

one of the holiday’s well-known<br />

icons and one of nature’s most<br />

misunderstood creatures: bats.<br />

A lot of people do not understand<br />

the useful role bats play<br />

in helping control insect populations.<br />

Most of the myths about<br />

bats have created such fear that<br />

the topic of bat conservation is<br />

rarely discussed.<br />

Most bats are harmless. <strong>The</strong>y<br />

are not blind or dirty; they do<br />

not get caught in people’s hair or<br />

infest homes with bedbugs. And,<br />

much like other mammals, less<br />

than one-half of one percent of<br />

all bats contract rabies.<br />

Bats are highly beneficial for<br />

insect control, as they are the<br />

only major predators of nightflying<br />

insects. <strong>The</strong>y pollinate<br />

fruit flowers, disperse seeds in<br />

tropical rainforests (aiding in reforestation)<br />

and are an important<br />

source of fertilizer (bat guano is<br />

actually mined from caves where<br />

bats live). Bats are also valuable<br />

in medical research, contributing<br />

to the development of navigational<br />

aids for the blind.<br />

In recent years, significant<br />

populations of several hibernating<br />

bat species have declined.<br />

<strong>The</strong> cause of death is believed to<br />

be Geomyces destructans, a cold<br />

temperature-loving white fungus,<br />

commonly known as White-nose<br />

Syndrome (WNS). Little Brown<br />

Bats appear to be the species<br />

hardest hit. WNS has been reported<br />

in 18 states in the U.S.<br />

and four Canadian provinces.<br />

It is believed that infected bats<br />

are depleting their fat reserves<br />

more quickly during hibernation,<br />

awaking more often and/or for<br />

longer periods of time.<br />

What can be done to help?<br />

<strong>The</strong> Organization for Bat<br />

Conservation (OBC) suggests<br />

building or buying a bat box to<br />

provide roosting sites. <strong>The</strong>y also<br />

suggest planting moth-attracting<br />

wildflowers to give bats an additional<br />

food source. Also, leave<br />

dead or dying trees up to provide<br />

bats with natural shelters.<br />

Even to the casual observer,<br />

watching and learning about<br />

bats can be both fascinating and<br />

educational. By providing a bat<br />

house, you may be able to bring<br />

these beneficial mammals to<br />

your yard. Here are some com-<br />

monly asked questions and answers<br />

about bats:<br />

WHAT KIND OF BATS DO WE<br />

HAVE AROUND HERE?<br />

<strong>The</strong> Little Brown Bat is the<br />

most common bat in this area,<br />

and this species will use a manmade<br />

bat box.<br />

DO BATS LIVE IN A HOUSE ALL<br />

YEAR ROUND OR DO THEY<br />

MIGRATE IN THE WINTER?<br />

In the northern two-thirds of<br />

the U.S., most bats migrate south<br />

in the winter, but some hibernate.<br />

Very few species can survive<br />

sub-freezing temperatures.<br />

Bats that inhabit bat houses generally<br />

move to an isolated cave<br />

or abandoned mine, while tree<br />

roosting bats travel south just<br />

like birds.<br />

HOW DO I KNOW IF I CAN GET<br />

BATS IN MY BAT HOUSE?<br />

Bats like a source of water<br />

(stream, marsh or lake) and an<br />

area plentiful with insects. <strong>The</strong>y<br />

will travel up to a mile or more<br />

to the water source. So, if you<br />

are within a mile of water and<br />

have lots of insects, you could<br />

COMMUNITYFOCUS<br />

<strong>Territory</strong> Times<br />

Nature in <strong>The</strong> <strong>Galena</strong> <strong>Territory</strong><br />

More Than a Halloween Symbol,<br />

Bats Are Important for the Ecosystem<br />

very well attract bats to a bat<br />

house. Watch for them soaring<br />

in your yard at night.<br />

WHEN AND WHERE SHOULD I<br />

HANG A BAT HOUSE?<br />

Bat houses can be hung any<br />

time, but fall, winter or early<br />

spring are preferred. It may take<br />

up to a year to attract them, but<br />

some people attract them immediately.<br />

Bat houses need to<br />

have six to eight hours of direct<br />

sunlight, so hanging them with<br />

a southerly exposure is usually<br />

best. Locate them near a water<br />

source and hang them 15 feet<br />

above the ground where they<br />

are sheltered from the wind. Bat<br />

houses hung from buildings are<br />

preferred by bats, but they could<br />

be hung in a tree as well.<br />

Julie Bruser, who has lived<br />

in <strong>The</strong> <strong>Territory</strong> since 1997, is<br />

a birding enthusiast who has<br />

long been involved in conservation<br />

activities and owns <strong>Galena</strong>’s<br />

Wild Birds Unlimited. Contact<br />

her at wildbirds@wbugalena.<br />

com, or check out www.wbu.<br />

com/galena.<br />

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