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7 placed on treatment etc. for abusers. The trend over the past few years of so many adults revealing abuse as children has given an indication of the extent and depth of this issue. Treatment and support has not always been readily available and experience has shown that there needs to be a range of services available to meet a variety of needs and of different age and gender groups. The experiences of the reaction by the public in the 1990s indicates the importance of a major emphasis on promoting better understanding and the need to respond in a constructive way. One of the benefits of the last decade was the extent of awareness and the acknowledgement by the public that child abuse is an important social issue in our society. While emotions can still run strong, there has been a significant movement towards a better informed community. Successful child protection strategies in the future will depend upon communities in which schools promote programmes for children; local groups, churches and organisations facilitate child protection training and policies; and agencies recognise and work much more closely with communities. This approach should help alleviate some of the stress and pressures experienced by front-line staff and their managers. Child protection work is difficult, complex and stressful. Professionals are being asked to make decisions which will effect the lives of children and their families. It is a relatively new area of expertise. Using research to influence the development of skills and expertise as well as procedures has emerged in the mid 1990s. The concept of evidence based practice will take time to become an integral part of the professional's approach. This should be greater assisted by the increasing emphasis on post qualifying specialist child care training. Increasingly employers are looking for staff who not only have basic professional qualifications but also a recognised specialist qualification. The work is recognised as needing that level of skill and expertise if we are to achieve real outcomes in enhancing the quality of life for children and better futures for them and their families. 50 YEARS OF CHILD CARE IN NORTHERN IRELAND 170
Chapter SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION & TRAINING Introduction 8 Social work education and training has developed alongside the development of the social work profession and social services delivery structures over the last 50 years. Before world War II, welfare provision was fragmented and largely associated with alleviating poverty and deprivation. These ranged across the Poor Law statutory provision, a voluntary sector provision often associated with the church, the hospital almoner service, the early probation service and some limited welfare provision by employers. In their book, 'A Service for People', Caul and Herron describe the emergence of the need for social work education and practice standards in the 1940s in Northern Ireland: "There had been no specific organisational context within which social work had its base, although there were similarities of aims between different bodies. Thus the Belfast Council of Social Welfare, the almoner's service and the embryonic probation service shared a common purpose in terms of trying to improve standards of practice and achieve better and more extensive training, while they retained different traditions and objectives." The belief in universal provision of social services as a right as opposed to a form of charity had led to the introduction of the Welfare State and the development of public sector provision. Alongside this, there began to be recognition of the need for the emerging social work profession. In Northern Ireland, the 1946 Government White Paper, 'The Protection and Welfare of the Young and the Treatment of the Young Offender' confirmed the need for properly trained staff to carry out the functions allocated to the new welfare authorities. The complexity of the social work role was also gaining recognition, as can be seen in the following view expressed by Mrs Irene Calvert MP for Queens University who took part in the debate on the second 50 YEARS OF CHILD CARE IN NORTHERN IRELAND 171
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50 A Better Future 40 30 20 10 Depa
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PREFACE There is both an acceptance
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Finally, I am indebted to Mr Selwoo
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1 decisions, taken in the late 1940
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1 1946 which resulted in the Childr
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1 recognition of the effect of the
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Chapter FOSTER CARE 2 Background an
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2 adequacy of the supply of foster
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2 residential care to children wher
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Both these issues were addressed in
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2 "On balance and taking into accou
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2 Numbers of children fostered and
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2 Safeguarding children in foster c
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2 Prior to the adoption of the Nati
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2 • encourages partnership workin
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2 "The most important general issue
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2 The main achievements in foster c
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2 The Human Rights Act 1998, also b
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3 Adoption of Children Act (NI) 192
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The social context to 1947 3 Povert
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The management and structure of ado
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3 cent were under 2 years. Third pa
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3 baby boy: the child's mother did
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3 The management and structure of a
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3 Adoption (NI) Order 1987 however
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3 figures available show that in 19
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3 situations, Catholic lists remain
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3 The Adoption Allowances Regulatio
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3 population) had been freed or wer
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3 Table 4 - Number of children adop
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3 could be assured within the law t
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adoption. In the near future, few p
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3 The post placement and post adopt
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3 professional responsibility for s
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3 Church of Ireland Adoption Societ
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3 • the establishment of speciali
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4 During the 1950s the main concern
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4 • every attempt was to be made
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4 failed, however, to anticipate th
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4 "Boards should seek to reduce the
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4 taken to ensure that these childr
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4 Practice, however, soon establish
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4 • the need for a complaints pro
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4 Kincora, as early as 1967, there
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4 • there were social, economic a
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4 Table 7 - Number of children in c
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4 The Child Welfare Council Report
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4 within homes as a consequence of
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4 The past 50 years have, therefore
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4 The devolved administration, the
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Chapter 5 JUVENILE OFFENDING Develo
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5 • the view that imprisonment wa
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5 the order did not appear as a cri
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5 Having commenced with a small gro
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5 The decline in numbers of young p
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5 considerably, juvenile liaison bu
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5 years the percentage of cases giv
Page 121 and 122: 3. Working with young offenders req
Page 123 and 124: 5 remanded or placed in a secure un
Page 125 and 126: Chapter DISABLED CHILDREN Introduct
Page 127 and 128: 6 In the absence of a full and read
Page 129 and 130: 6 in Northern Ireland designed to p
Page 131 and 132: 6 are known are receiving either ca
Page 133 and 134: 6 other conditions. This became the
Page 135 and 136: 6 cent of children who fell within
Page 137 and 138: 6 Sixteen percent of parents said t
Page 139 and 140: 6 The treatment of handicapping con
Page 141 and 142: 6 Nursing Team) and the Children's
Page 143 and 144: 6 The 1950 Children and Young Perso
Page 145 and 146: 6 them) her young siblings made a j
Page 147 and 148: 6 Legislation and the development o
Page 149 and 150: 6 based homes and hostels. Some chi
Page 151 and 152: 6 The Children Order was implemente
Page 153 and 154: 6 In an ever-changing social contex
Page 155 and 156: Chapter 7 CHILD PROTECTION Origins
Page 157 and 158: 7 the 1908 Act did not allow such a
Page 159 and 160: 7 under the supervision of a probat
Page 161 and 162: 7 Boards to set up registers on chi
Page 163 and 164: 7 supposed satanic abuse in the Ork
Page 165 and 166: 7 can be uncomfortable to the profe
Page 167 and 168: 7 Work like this is not given much
Page 169 and 170: 7 Alongside these educational progr
Page 171: 7 the responsibility of one agency
Page 175 and 176: 8 basic qualification in social wor
Page 177 and 178: 8 proposed a two year generic socia
Page 179 and 180: 8 in Residential Care for Children
Page 181 and 182: 8 CCETSW's report "Care for Tomorro
Page 183 and 184: • high expectations are placed on
Page 185 and 186: 8 people that are involved across a
Page 187: 8 7. Since the 1990s there has been
Page 190 and 191: 9 Because our society is in the pro
Page 192 and 193: 9 specific commitment to improve co
Page 194 and 195: 9 who wish to work in the care serv
Page 196 and 197: 9 establish a contract with SCIE to
Page 199 and 200: BIBLIOGRAPHY • ‘Adoption of Chi
Page 201 and 202: • Department of Health, ‘Adopti
Page 203 and 204: • O’Halloran, K. ‘Adoption La
Page 205 and 206: • Tresiliotis, J. Shireman, J. an
Page 208: ISBN 0-946932-07-7 Published by: De
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